Atheism 2.0 | Alain de Botton

1,462,770 views ใƒป 2012-01-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Oren Szekatch ืžื‘ืงืจ: Shahar Kaiser
00:15
One of the most common ways of dividing the world
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ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:18
is into those who believe
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ื”ื™ื ืœืืœื• ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
00:20
and those who don't --
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ื•ืืœื• ืฉืœื --
00:22
into the religious and the atheists.
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ืืœ ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
00:25
And for the last decade or so,
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ื•ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืš,
00:27
it's been quite clear
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ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ
00:29
what being an atheist means.
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ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชืื™ืกื˜.
00:31
There have been some very vocal atheists
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ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
00:34
who've pointed out,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•,
00:36
not just that religion is wrong,
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ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืช,
00:38
but that it's ridiculous.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช.
00:40
These people, many of whom have lived in North Oxford,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
00:43
have argued --
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ื˜ืขื ื• --
00:45
they've argued that believing in God
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ื”ื ื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
00:48
is akin to believing in fairies
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ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื™ื•ืช.
00:50
and essentially that the whole thing
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
00:52
is a childish game.
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ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืง ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™.
00:54
Now I think it's too easy.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืงืœ ืžื“ื™.
00:56
I think it's too easy
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืงืœ ืžื“ื™
00:58
to dismiss the whole of religion that way.
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ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื›ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•.
01:01
And it's as easy as shooting fish in a barrel.
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ื–ื” ืงืœ ื›ืžื• ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื’ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืช.
01:03
And what I'd like to inaugurate today
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื
01:05
is a new way of being an atheist --
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ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชืื™ืกื˜ --
01:07
if you like, a new version of atheism
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ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืืชืื™ื–ื
01:10
we could call Atheism 2.0.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื” ืืชืื™ื–ื 2.0.
01:13
Now what is Atheism 2.0?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื”ื• ืืชืื™ื–ื 2.0?
01:15
Well it starts from a very basic premise:
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ื ื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
01:17
of course, there's no God.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
01:20
Of course, there are no deities or supernatural spirits
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื ืื• ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
01:23
or angels, etc.
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ืื• ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'
01:25
Now let's move on; that's not the end of the story,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชืงื“ื; ื–ื” ืœื ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
01:28
that's the very, very beginning.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”.
01:31
I'm interested in the kind of constituency
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆืขื”
01:34
that thinks something along these lines:
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ื”ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืคื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื•:
01:36
that thinks, "I can't believe in any of this stuff.
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ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
01:38
I can't believe in the doctrines.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
01:41
I don't think these doctrines are right.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:43
But," a very important but, "I love Christmas carols.
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ืื‘ืœ," ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, " ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“.
01:47
I really like the art of Mantegna.
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื ื˜ื ื™ื”.
01:50
I really like looking at old churches.
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช.
01:52
I really like turning the pages of the Old Testament."
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืชื "ืš."
01:55
Whatever it may be,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”,
01:57
you know the kind of thing I'm talking about --
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ --
01:59
people who are attracted to the ritualistic side,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ,
02:01
the moralistic, communal side of religion,
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ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช,
02:04
but can't bear the doctrine.
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ืืš ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”.
02:06
Until now, these people have faced a rather unpleasant choice.
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ืขื“ ืขืชื”, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
02:09
It's almost as though either you accept the doctrine
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”
02:12
and then you can have all the nice stuff,
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื,
02:14
or you reject the doctrine and
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ืžืขืœื™ื™ืš
02:16
you're living in some kind of spiritual wasteland
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฉืžืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช
02:18
under the guidance of CNN and Walmart.
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ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”- CNN ื•-ื•ื•ืœืžืจื˜.
02:20
So that's a sort of tough choice.
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ืื– ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื“ื™ ืงืฉื”.
02:22
I don't think we have to make that choice.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:24
I think there is an alternative.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื”.
02:26
I think there are ways --
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื --
02:28
and I'm being both very respectful and completely impious --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืขืช ื’ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ืคื™ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช --
02:31
of stealing from religions.
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ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ืช.
02:33
If you don't believe in a religion,
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ืื ืื™ื ื›ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืช,
02:35
there's nothing wrong with picking and mixing,
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ื‘ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื‘,
02:37
with taking out the best sides of religion.
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ื‘ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช.
02:40
And for me, atheism 2.0
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืืชืื™ื–ื 2.0
02:42
is about both, as I say,
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ื”ื™ื ื” ื’ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
02:44
a respectful and an impious way
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ื“ืจืš ืžืœืืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื”
02:47
of going through religions and saying, "What here could we use?"
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ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, "ื‘ืžื” ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ?"
02:50
The secular world is full of holes.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืžืœื ื—ื•ืจื™ื.
02:52
We have secularized badly, I would argue.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ืฉืื ื• ื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”.
02:55
And a thorough study of religion
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ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช
02:57
could give us all sorts of insights
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ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช
02:59
into areas of life that are not going too well.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™.
03:02
And I'd like to run through a few of these today.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:06
I'd like to kick off by looking at education.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
03:09
Now education is a field
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื
03:11
the secular world really believes in.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•.
03:13
When we think about how we're going to make the world a better place,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:15
we think education; that's where we put a lot of money.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš; ืฉื ืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ.
03:18
Education is going to give us, not only commercial skills, industrial skills,
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืชืช ืœื ื•, ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
03:21
it's also going to make us better people.
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ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:23
You know the kind of thing a commencement address is, and graduation ceremonies,
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ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืžื™ ืกื™ื•ื, ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื”,
03:26
those lyrical claims
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ืื•ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช
03:28
that education, the process of education -- particularly higher education --
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ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš -- ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” --
03:31
will make us into nobler and better human beings.
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ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืฆื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:34
That's a lovely idea.
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืœื.
03:36
Interesting where it came from.
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข.
03:38
In the early 19th century,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”- 19,
03:40
church attendance in Western Europe
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ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
03:42
started sliding down very, very sharply, and people panicked.
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ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื“ืขื•ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ.
03:45
They asked themselves the following question.
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:
03:47
They said, where are people going to find the morality,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช,
03:50
where are they going to find guidance,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื”,
03:52
and where are they going to find sources of consolation?
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—ืžื”?
03:54
And influential voices came up with one answer.
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ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ืชื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช.
03:56
They said culture.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:58
It's to culture that we should look
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ
04:00
for guidance, for consolation, for morality.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, ื ื—ืžื”, ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช.
04:03
Let's look to the plays of Shakespeare,
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ,
04:05
the dialogues of Plato, the novels of Jane Austen.
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ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ.
04:08
In there, we'll find a lot of the truths
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ืฉื, ืื ื• ื ืžืฆื ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
04:10
that we might previously have found in the Gospel of Saint John.
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ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ.
04:13
Now I think that's a very beautiful idea and a very true idea.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืคื™ืคื” ื•ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“.
04:16
They wanted to replace scripture with culture.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช.
04:19
And that's a very plausible idea.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
04:21
It's also an idea that we have forgotten.
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืฉื›ื—ื ื•.
04:25
If you went to a top university --
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ืื ืชืœื›ื• ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช --
04:27
let's say you went to Harvard or Oxford or Cambridge --
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉืชืœื›ื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ืื• ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืื• ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’' --
04:29
and you said, "I've come here
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ื•ืืชื ืชืืžืจื•, "ืื ื™ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ
04:31
because I'm in search of morality, guidance and consolation;
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื ื—ืžื”;
04:33
I want to know how to live,"
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช,"
04:35
they would show you the way to the insane asylum.
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ื”ื ื™ืจืื• ืœืš ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื.
04:38
This is simply not what our grandest and best institutes of higher learning
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ืืœื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
04:41
are in the business of.
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ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื.
04:43
Why? They don't think we need it.
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ืœืžื”? ื”ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
04:45
They don't think we are in an urgent need of assistance.
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ื”ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช.
04:48
They see us as adults, rational adults.
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ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื.
04:50
What we need is information.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื• ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:52
We need data, we don't need help.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข, ืื ื• ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื–ืจื”.
04:54
Now religions start from a very different place indeed.
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ื“ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
04:57
All religions, all major religions,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
04:59
at various points call us children.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
05:02
And like children,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
05:04
they believe that we are in severe need of assistance.
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ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ืจื”.
05:06
We're only just holding it together.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื.
05:08
Perhaps this is just me, maybe you.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืจืง ืื ื™, ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื.
05:10
But anyway, we're only just holding it together.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื.
05:13
And we need help. Of course, we need help.
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ื•ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื”. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื”.
05:15
And so we need guidance and we need didactic learning.
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™.
05:18
You know, in the 18th century in the U.K.,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืžืื” ื”- 18 ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช,
05:20
the greatest preacher, greatest religious preacher, was a man called John Wesley,
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ื”ืžื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฉื ื’'ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืกืœื™,
05:23
who went up and down this country delivering sermons,
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ืืฉืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืื•ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช,
05:26
advising people how they could live.
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ื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
05:28
He delivered sermons on the duties of parents to their children
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื
05:30
and children to their parents,
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื,
05:32
the duties of the rich to the poor and the poor to the rich.
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ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืขืฉื™ืจื™ื.
05:34
He was trying to tell people how they should live
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช
05:36
through the medium of sermons,
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ื“ืจืš ืžื“ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช,
05:38
the classic medium of delivery of religions.
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ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.
05:41
Now we've given up with the idea of sermons.
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื•ื•ื™ืชืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช.
05:43
If you said to a modern liberal individualist,
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ืื ืืชื ืืžืจืชื ืœืื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœ ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
05:45
"Hey, how about a sermon?"
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"ื”ื™ื™, ืžื” ื“ืขืชืš ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืฉื”?"
05:47
they'd go, "No, no. I don't need one of those.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืœื, ืœื. ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืื—ืช ืžืืœื”.
05:49
I'm an independent, individual person."
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™."
05:51
What's the difference between a sermon
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ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื”
05:53
and our modern, secular mode of delivery, the lecture?
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื”ืจืฆืื”?
05:56
Well a sermon wants to change your life
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื
05:59
and a lecture wants to give you a bit of information.
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ื•ื”ืจืฆืื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข.
06:02
And I think we need to get back to that sermon tradition.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื” ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช.
06:05
The tradition of sermonizing is hugely valuable,
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ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืขืฆื•ื,
06:07
because we are in need of guidance,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื›ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื”,
06:09
morality and consolation --
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ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื—ืžื” --
06:11
and religions know that.
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ื•ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื–ืืช.
06:13
Another point about education:
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ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš:
06:15
we tend to believe in the modern secular world
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™
06:17
that if you tell someone something once, they'll remember it.
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ื›ื™ ืื ืชืืžืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื–ืืช.
06:20
Sit them in a classroom, tell them about Plato
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ืชื•ืฉื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”, ืชืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ
06:22
at the age of 20, send them out for a career in management consultancy for 40 years,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 20, ืชืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื ืœืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืœืžืฉืš 40 ืฉื ื”,
06:25
and that lesson will stick with them.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื—ืงื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ื—ื.
06:27
Religions go, "Nonsense.
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ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช, "ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:29
You need to keep repeating the lesson 10 times a day.
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืฉื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 10 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
06:32
So get on your knees and repeat it."
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ืื– ืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื›ื ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื”."
06:34
That's what all religions tell us:
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืœื ื•:
06:36
"Get on you knees and repeat it 10 or 20 or 15 times a day."
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"ืจื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื–ื” 10 ืื• 20 ืื• 15 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื."
06:39
Otherwise our minds are like sieves.
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ืื—ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืžืกื ื ื•ืช.
06:41
So religions are cultures of repetition.
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ืื– ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ.
06:43
They circle the great truths again and again and again.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืกืžืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
06:45
We associate repetition with boredom.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื.
06:47
"Give us the new," we're always saying.
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"ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ," ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื.
06:49
"The new is better than the old."
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"ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ."
06:51
If I said to you, "Okay, we're not going to have new TED.
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ืื ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• TED ื—ื“ืฉ.
06:53
We're just going to run through all the old ones
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื
06:55
and watch them five times because they're so true.
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ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
06:57
We're going to watch Elizabeth Gilbert five times
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืืœื™ื–ื‘ืช' ื’ื™ืœื‘ืจื˜ ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื
07:00
because what she says is so clever," you'd feel cheated.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืง," ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ืžื™ื.
07:03
Not so if you're adopting a religious mindset.
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ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื ืืชื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืœืš ืจื•ื— ื“ืชื™.
07:05
The other things that religions do
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช
07:07
is to arrange time.
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ื”ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ.
07:09
All the major religions give us calendars.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื”.
07:11
What is a calendar?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื”?
07:13
A calendar is a way of making sure that across the year
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ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื”
07:16
you will bump into certain very important ideas.
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ืืชื ืชืชืงืœื• ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื.
07:19
In the Catholic chronology, Catholic calendar,
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ื‘ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช, ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™,
07:22
at the end of March you will think about St. Jerome
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืจืฅ ืืชื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ
07:24
and his qualities of humility and goodness
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ื•ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื•
07:26
and his generosity to the poor.
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ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ื.
07:28
You won't do that by accident; you will do that because you are guided to do that.
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ืœื ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช; ืืชื ืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
07:31
Now we don't think that way.
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืš.
07:33
In the secular world we think, "If an idea is important, I'll bump into it.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, "ืื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืืชืงืœ ื‘ื•.
07:35
I'll just come across it."
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืคื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื”."
07:37
Nonsense, says the religious world view.
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ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช.
07:39
Religious view says we need calendars, we need to structure time,
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ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
07:42
we need to synchronize encounters.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืื ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื.
07:44
This comes across also
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ
07:46
in the way in which religions set up rituals
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื ื“ืชื•ืช ืžืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื˜ืงืกื™ื
07:48
around important feelings.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
07:50
Take the Moon. It's really important to look at the Moon.
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจื— ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื”. ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื—.
07:53
You know, when you look at the Moon,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื—,
07:55
you think, "I'm really small. What are my problems?"
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, "ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืงื˜ืŸ. ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™?"
07:57
It sets things into perspective, etc., etc.
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ื–ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'.
07:59
We should all look at the Moon a bit more often. We don't.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืจื— ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื.
08:01
Why don't we? Well there's nothing to tell us, "Look at the Moon."
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื•, "ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื™ืจื—."
08:04
But if you're a Zen Buddhist in the middle of September,
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ืืš ืื ืืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื–ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ,
08:07
you will be ordered out of your home, made to stand on a canonical platform
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื›ื, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืžื” ืงื ื•ื ื™ืช
08:10
and made to celebrate the festival of Tsukimi,
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ื•ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื˜ืกื•ืงื™ืžื™,
08:12
where you will be given poems to read
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ื‘ื• ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื
08:14
in honor of the Moon and the passage of time
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ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
08:16
and the frailty of life that it should remind us of.
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ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
08:18
You'll be handed rice cakes.
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ื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœื›ื ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืื•ืจื–.
08:20
And the Moon and the reflection on the Moon
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ื•ืœื™ืจื— ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื—
08:22
will have a secure place in your heart.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื›ื.
08:24
That's very good.
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ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
08:26
The other thing that religions are really aware of
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืขืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“
08:28
is: speak well --
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ื”ื•ื : ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืื•ืช --
08:30
I'm not doing a very good job of this here --
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ --
08:32
but oratory, oratory is absolutely key to religions.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื”, ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืื“ ืœื“ืชื•ืช.
08:35
In the secular world, you can come through the university system and be a lousy speaker
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืฆื” ื’ืจื•ืข
08:38
and still have a great career.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
08:40
But the religious world doesn't think that way.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ืชื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš.
08:42
What you're saying needs to be backed up
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื‘ื™ื
08:44
by a really convincing way of saying it.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจืš ืฆื•ืจืช ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช.
08:46
So if you go to an African-American Pentecostalist church
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืชืœื›ื• ืœื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืคื ื˜ืงื•ืกื˜ืืœื™ืช ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช
08:48
in the American South
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
08:50
and you listen to how they talk,
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ื•ืืชื ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
08:52
my goodness, they talk well.
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
08:54
After every convincing point, people will go, "Amen, amen, amen."
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ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืืžืจื•, "ืืžืŸ, ืืžืŸ, ืืžืŸ."
08:57
At the end of a really rousing paragraph, they'll all stand up,
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืกืงื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ืจืจืช, ื”ื ื™ืงื•ืžื•,
08:59
and they'll go, "Thank you Jesus, thank you Christ, thank you Savior."
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืืžืจื•, "ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื™ืฉื•, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื”ืฆืœื•ื‘, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื•."
09:02
If we were doing it like they do it --
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ืชื --
09:04
let's not do it, but if we were to do it --
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ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช, ืืš ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช --
09:07
I would tell you something like, "Culture should replace scripture."
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•, "ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ."
09:09
And you would go, "Amen, amen, amen."
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ื•ืืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืืžืŸ, ืืžืŸ, ืืžืŸ."
09:11
And at the end of my talk, you would all stand up
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืงืžื™ื,
09:13
and you would go, "Thank you Plato, thank you Shakespeare, thank you Jane Austen."
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื’'ื™ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ."
09:15
And we'd know that we had a real rhythm going.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงืฆื‘ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:18
All right, all right. We're getting there. We're getting there.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื•ืงื™ื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื.
09:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:22
The other thing that religions know is we're not just brains,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืžื•ื—ื•ืช,
09:24
we are also bodies.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื’ื•ืฃ.
09:26
And when they teach us a lesson,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ,
09:28
they do it via the body.
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
09:30
So for example,
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
09:32
take the Jewish idea of forgiveness.
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
09:34
Jews are very interested in forgiveness
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ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื”
09:36
and how we should start anew and start afresh.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื”.
09:38
They don't just deliver us sermons on this.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื˜ืคืช ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš.
09:40
They don't just give us books or words about this.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืื• ืืžื™ืจืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
09:42
They tell us to have a bath.
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜.
09:44
So in Orthodox Jewish communities, every Friday you go to a Mikveh.
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ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื•ื”.
09:47
You immerse yourself in the water,
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ืืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
09:49
and a physical action backs up a philosophical idea.
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ื•ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™.
09:52
We don't tend to do that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
09:54
Our ideas are in one area and our behavior with our bodies is in another.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืื—ืจ.
09:57
Religions are fascinating in the way they try and combine the two.
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ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“.
09:59
Let's look at art now.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืขืช ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช.
10:01
Now art is something that in the secular world,
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ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™
10:04
we think very highly of. We think art is really, really important.
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
10:07
A lot of our surplus wealth goes to museums, etc.
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ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'
10:10
We sometimes hear it said
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืžืจื”
10:12
that museums are our new cathedrals, or our new churches.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืงืชื“ืจืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืื• ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:15
You've heard that saying.
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ืืชื ืฉืžืขืชื ืืช ื”ืื™ืžืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
10:17
Now I think that the potential is there,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื,
10:19
but we've completely let ourselves down.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ื›ื–ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
10:21
And the reason we've let ourselves down
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืื™ื›ื–ื‘ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
10:23
is that we're not properly studying
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™
10:25
how religions handle art.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืขื ืืžื ื•ืช.
10:29
The two really bad ideas that are hovering in the modern world
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืจื—ืคื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™
10:32
that inhibit our capacity to draw strength from art:
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ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื”ืืžื ื•ืช:
10:36
The first idea is that art should be for art's sake --
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” --
10:38
a ridiculous idea --
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš --
10:40
an idea that art should live in a hermetic bubble
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืก ื›ื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืขื” ื”ืจืžื˜ื™ืช
10:42
and should not try to do anything with this troubled world.
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ื•ืืœ ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™.
10:45
I couldn't disagree more.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ.
10:47
The other thing that we believe is that art shouldn't explain itself,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”,
10:50
that artists shouldn't say what they're up to,
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ืฉืืžื ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื,
10:52
because if they said it, it might destroy the spell
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ืืžืจื•, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืงืกื
10:54
and we might find it too easy.
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ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื ื’ืœื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืœ ืžื“ื™.
10:56
That's why a very common feeling when you're in a museum --
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช --
10:58
let's admit it --
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื” --
11:00
is, "I don't know what this is about."
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ืฉืื•ืžืจืช, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ."
11:02
But if we're serious people, we don't admit to that.
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ืืš ืื ืื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš.
11:04
But that feeling of puzzlement is structural
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ืืš ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ืช
11:07
to contemporary art.
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ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
11:10
Now religions have a much saner attitude to art.
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ื›ืขืช, ืœื“ืชื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืคื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช.
11:12
They have no trouble telling us what art is about.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช.
11:14
Art is about two things in all the major faiths.
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ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
11:16
Firstly, it's trying to remind you
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื
11:18
of what there is to love.
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืื”ื•ื‘.
11:20
And secondly, it's trying to remind you
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื
11:22
of what there is to fear and to hate.
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ืžืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ื.
11:24
And that's what art is.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช.
11:26
Art is a visceral encounter with the most important ideas of your faith.
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ืืžื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
11:29
So as you walk around a church,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”,
11:31
or a mosque or a cathedral,
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ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ื“ ืื• ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœื”,
11:33
what you're trying to imbibe, what you're imbibing is,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืกืคื•ื’, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืกื•ืคื’ื™ื ื”ืŸ,
11:35
through your eyes, through your senses,
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ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื›ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
11:37
truths that have otherwise come to you through your mind.
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ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื›ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
11:39
Essentially it's propaganda.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืขืžื•ืœื”.
11:41
Rembrandt is a propagandist
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ืจืžื‘ืจื ื“ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืชืขืžื•ืœืŸ
11:43
in the Christian view.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
11:45
Now the word "propaganda" sets off alarm bells.
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืชืขืžื•ืœื”" ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ืื–ืขืงื”.
11:47
We think of Hitler, we think of Stalin. Don't, necessarily.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ. ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื.
11:49
Propaganda is a manner of being didactic in honor of something.
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ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
11:52
And if that thing is good, there's no problem with it at all.
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ื•ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ.
11:55
My view is that museums should take a leaf out of the book of religions.
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ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื“ืฃ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.
11:59
And they should make sure that when you walk into a museum --
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ --
12:01
if I was a museum curator,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ,
12:03
I would make a room for love, a room for generosity.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืืจื’ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ืœืื”ื‘ื”, ื—ื“ืจ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืœื‘.
12:06
All works of art are talking to us about things.
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ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื.
12:08
And if we were able to arrange spaces
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื
12:10
where we could come across works
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช
12:12
where we would be told, use these works of art
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช ืืœื”
12:14
to cement these ideas in your mind,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื,
12:16
we would get a lot more out of art.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืžื ื•ืช.
12:18
Art would pick up the duty that it used to have
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ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
12:21
and that we've neglected because of certain mis-founded ideas.
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ื•ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื–ื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื.
12:24
Art should be one of the tools
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ืืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื
12:26
by which we improve our society.
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ื“ืจื›ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
12:28
Art should be didactic.
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ืืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ืช.
12:31
Let's think of something else.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
12:33
The people in the modern world, in the secular world,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™,
12:35
who are interested in matters of the spirit,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื—,
12:37
in matters of the mind,
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ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืคืฉ,
12:39
in higher soul-like concerns,
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ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉืžื”,
12:42
tend to be isolated individuals.
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ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
12:44
They're poets, they're philosophers, they're photographers, they're filmmakers.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื, ื”ื ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื, ื”ื ื”ืฆืœืžื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
12:47
And they tend to be on their own.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืคื.
12:49
They're our cottage industries. They are vulnerable, single people.
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ื”ื ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืืœื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
12:52
And they get depressed and they get sad on their own.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื.
12:54
And they don't really change much.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
12:56
Now think about religions, think about organized religions.
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ื›ืขืช ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื“ืชื•ืช, ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื“ืชื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช.
12:58
What do organized religions do?
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ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื“ืชื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช?
13:00
They group together, they form institutions.
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ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช.
13:03
And that has all sorts of advantages.
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
13:05
First of all, scale, might.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
13:08
The Catholic Church pulled in 97 billion dollars last year
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ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” 97 ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”
13:11
according to the Wall Street Journal.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืœ-ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื’'ื•ืจื ืœ.
13:13
These are massive machines.
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช.
13:15
They're collaborative, they're branded, they're multinational,
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžืžื•ืชื’ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
13:18
and they're highly disciplined.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
13:20
These are all very good qualities.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
13:22
We recognize them in relation to corporations.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื.
13:24
And corporations are very like religions in many ways,
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ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื“ืชื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช,
13:26
except they're right down at the bottom of the pyramid of needs.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื.
13:28
They're selling us shoes and cars.
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ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
13:30
Whereas the people who are selling us the higher stuff --
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ื— --
13:32
the therapists, the poets --
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ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื, ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื --
13:34
are on their own and they have no power,
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ืคื ื•ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ื•ื—,
13:36
they have no might.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
13:38
So religions are the foremost example
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ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:41
of an institution that is fighting for the things of the mind.
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ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ืคืฉ.
13:44
Now we may not agree with what religions are trying to teach us,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืžื ืกื•ืช ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื•,
13:47
but we can admire the institutional way
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ืืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช
13:49
in which they're doing it.
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ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
13:51
Books alone, books written by lone individuals,
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ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื, ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
13:54
are not going to change anything.
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ืื™ื ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื.
13:56
We need to group together.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
13:58
If you want to change the world, you have to group together, you have to be collaborative.
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื—ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ื™ื.
14:01
And that's what religions do.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.
14:03
They are multinational, as I say,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื”ืŸ ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
14:05
they are branded, they have a clear identity,
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ื”ืŸ ืžืžื•ืชื’ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”,
14:08
so they don't get lost in a busy world.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ืคืขื•ืœื”.
14:10
That's something we can learn from.
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืŸ.
14:12
I want to conclude.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื›ื.
14:14
Really what I want to say
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ
14:16
is for many of you who are operating in a range of different fields,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”,
14:19
there is something to learn from the example of religion --
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ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ื“ืช --
14:22
even if you don't believe any of it.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื”.
14:25
If you're involved in anything that's communal,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™,
14:27
that involves lots of people getting together,
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ืืฉืจ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
14:29
there are things for you in religion.
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ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื‘ื“ืช.
14:31
If you're involved, say, in a travel industry in any way,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื ืืžืจ, ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
14:34
look at pilgrimage.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ.
14:36
Look very closely at pilgrimage.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ.
14:38
We haven't begun to scratch the surface
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ืื ื• ืœื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ืจื“ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
14:40
of what travel could be
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
14:42
because we haven't looked at what religions do with travel.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื.
14:44
If you're in the art world,
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ืื ืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช,
14:46
look at the example of what religions are doing with art.
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ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื”ื“ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช.
14:48
And if you're an educator in any way,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™,
14:51
again, look at how religions are spreading ideas.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช.
14:54
You may not agree with the ideas,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช,
14:56
but my goodness, they're highly effective mechanisms for doing so.
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ืืš ื‘ืฉื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืืœื• ืžื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉื ื›ืš.
14:59
So really my concluding point
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ืื– ื‘ืืžืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื™
15:01
is you may not agree with religion,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ืช,
15:03
but at the end of the day,
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ืืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื,
15:05
religions are so subtle, so complicated,
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ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ื” ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื›ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
15:07
so intelligent in many ways
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ื›ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช
15:09
that they're not fit to be abandoned to the religious alone;
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ืขื“ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจืŸ ืœื“ืชื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“;
15:12
they're for all of us.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
15:14
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
15:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:33
Chris Anderson: Now this is actually a courageous talk,
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืืžื™ืฆื”,
15:35
because you're kind of setting up yourself in some ways
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
15:37
to be ridiculed in some quarters.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืœืขื’ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
15:39
AB: You can get shot by both sides.
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ื.ื‘.: ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืš.
15:41
You can get shot by the hard-headed atheists,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ืš,
15:43
and you can get shot by those who fully believe.
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื™ืจื• ื‘ืš ืืœื• ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”.
15:46
CA: Incoming missiles from North Oxford at any moment.
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ื›.ื.: ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข.
15:48
AB: Indeed.
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ื.ื‘.: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
15:50
CA: But you left out one aspect of religion
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ื›.ื.: ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื™ืžื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช
15:53
that a lot of people might say
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ
15:55
your agenda could borrow from,
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืœืฉื ื”ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืฉืœืš,
15:57
which is this sense --
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช --
15:59
that's actually probably the most important thing to anyone who's religious --
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืชื™ --
16:01
of spiritual experience,
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ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช,
16:03
of some kind of connection
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ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื
16:05
with something that's bigger than you are.
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ืขื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขืฆืžืš.
16:07
Is there any room for that experience in Atheism 2.0?
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ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืืชืื™ื–ื 2.0?
16:10
AB: Absolutely. I, like many of you, meet people
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ื.ื‘.: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ืื ื™ ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื›ื, ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื
16:13
who say things like, "But isn't there something bigger than us,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื•, "ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
16:16
something else?"
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ?"
16:18
And I say, "Of course." And they say, "So aren't you sort of religious?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, "ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ." ื•ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื– ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ืชื™?"
16:21
And I go, "No." Why does that sense of mystery,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื”, "ืœื." ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ื•ืช,
16:24
that sense of the dizzying scale of the universe,
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื,
16:27
need to be accompanied by a mystical feeling?
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืกื˜ื™ืช?
16:30
Science and just observation
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ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื’ืจื™ื“ื
16:32
gives us that feeling without it,
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ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื”,
16:34
so I don't feel the need.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื—ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš.
16:36
The universe is large and we are tiny,
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ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขื ืง ื•ืื ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
16:38
without the need for further religious superstructure.
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ืœืœื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื“ืชื™ ืขื™ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
16:42
So one can have so-called spiritual moments
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ื›ืš ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืจื’ืขื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื
16:44
without belief in the spirit.
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ืœืœื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ื—.
16:46
CA: Actually, let me just ask a question.
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ื›.ื.: ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื”.
16:48
How many people here would say
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื
16:50
that religion is important to them?
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ืฉื”ื“ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื?
16:54
Is there an equivalent process
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉื ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืžื”
16:57
by which there's a sort of bridge
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ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืจ
16:59
between what you're talking about and what you would say to them?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื?
17:02
AB: I would say that there are many, many gaps in secular life
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ื.ื‘.: ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™
17:04
and these can be plugged.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืกืชื.
17:06
It's not as though, as I try to suggest,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืžื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข,
17:08
it's not as though either you have religion
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ืช
17:10
and then you have to accept all sorts of things,
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ื•ืื– ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
17:12
or you don't have religion
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ืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ืช
17:14
and then you're cut off from all these very good things.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
17:17
It's so sad that we constantly say,
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
17:20
"I don't believe so I can't have community,
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
17:22
so I'm cut off from morality,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื ื•ืข ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช,
17:24
so I can't go on a pilgrimage."
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœ."
17:26
One wants to say, "Nonsense. Why not?"
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ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš, "ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœืžื” ืœื?"
17:28
And that's really the spirit of my talk.
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™.
17:30
There's so much we can absorb.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคื•ื’.
17:32
Atheism shouldn't cut itself off from the rich sources of religion.
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ื”ืืชืื™ื–ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืช.
17:35
CA: It seems to me that there's plenty of people in the TED community
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ื›.ื.: ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช TED
17:38
who are atheists.
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ืฉื”ื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื.
17:40
But probably most people in the community
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ืืš ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”
17:42
certainly don't think that religion is going away any time soon
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ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘
17:45
and want to find the language
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื”
17:47
to have a constructive dialogue
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืคื•ืจื”
17:50
and to feel like we can actually talk to each other
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ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™
17:52
and at least share some things in common.
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืชืฃ.
17:54
Are we foolish to be optimistic
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ื”ืื ืื ื• ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื
17:56
about the possibility of a world
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ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื
17:58
where, instead of religion being the great rallying cry
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ื‘ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื™ืงืจืื•
18:01
of divide and war,
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ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ืžืœื—ืžื”,
18:03
that there could be bridging?
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ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ?
18:05
AB: No, we need to be polite about differences.
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ื.ื‘.:ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
18:08
Politeness is a much-overlooked virtue.
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ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช.
18:10
It's seen as hypocrisy.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช.
18:12
But we need to get to a stage when you're an atheist
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืืชื ืืชืื™ืกื˜ื™ื
18:14
and someone says, "Well you know, I did pray the other day,"
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคืœืœืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื,"
18:17
you politely ignore it.
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ื•ืืชื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืก.
18:19
You move on.
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ืืชื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืœืื”.
18:21
Because you've agreed on 90 percent of things,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื”ืกื›ืžืชื ืขืœ 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
18:24
because you have a shared view on so many things,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
18:26
and you politely differ.
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ื•ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื ื•ืžืกืช.
18:28
And I think that's what the religious wars of late have ignored.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ืžื”ื.
18:32
They've ignored the possibility of harmonious disagreement.
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ื”ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ืžื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ืช.
18:36
CA: And finally, does this new thing that you're proposing
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ื›.ื.: ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื, ื”ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืฆื™ืข
18:38
that's not a religion but something else,
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ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ืช ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
18:40
does it need a leader,
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’,
18:42
and are you volunteering to be the pope?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืžืชื ื“ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื?
18:44
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
18:46
AB: Well, one thing that we're all very suspicious of
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ื.ื‘. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื“ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื•
18:48
is individual leaders.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื.
18:50
It doesn't need it.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื•ืจืš.
18:52
What I've tried to lay out is a framework
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ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
18:54
and I'm hoping that people can just fill it in.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
18:57
I've sketched a sort of broad framework.
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ืื ื™ ืขื™ืฆื‘ืชื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
18:59
But wherever you are, as I say, if you're in the travel industry, do that travel bit.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ืื ืืชื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ืขื ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช.
19:02
If you're in the communal industry, look at religion and do the communal bit.
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ืื ืืชื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช, ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื“ืช ื•ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™.
19:05
So it's a wiki project.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™.
19:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:09
CA: Alain, thank you for sparking many conversations later.
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ื›.ื.: ืืœืŸ, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืฆืชืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
19:12
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)

Original video on YouTube.com
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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