A taboo-free way to talk about periods | Aditi Gupta

349,571 views ・ 2016-05-16

TED


Mesedez, egin klik bikoitza beheko ingelesezko azpitituluetan bideoa erreproduzitzeko.

Translator: Maider Lizoain Reviewer: Jone Aliri Lazcano
00:12
Periods.
0
12520
1576
Hilerokoa.
00:14
Blood.
1
14120
1376
Odola.
00:15
Menstruation.
2
15520
1200
Menstruazioa.
00:17
Gross.
3
17440
1576
Nazka.
00:19
Secret.
4
19040
1616
Sekretua.
00:20
Hidden.
5
20680
1200
Ezkutua.
00:22
Why?
6
22400
1200
Zergatik?
00:24
A natural biological process
7
24760
1896
Prozesu biologiko naturala
00:26
that every girl and woman goes through every month
8
26680
3816
neska eta emakume guztiek hilero jasaten dutena
00:30
for about half of her life.
9
30520
2176
beren bizitzaren erdian zehar.
00:32
A phenomenon that is so significant
10
32720
2696
Biziki garrantzitsua den fenomenoa,
00:35
that the survival and propagation of our species depends on it.
11
35440
4200
horren menpe baitaude gure espeziearen biziraupena eta ugalketa.
00:40
Yet we consider it a taboo.
12
40480
1840
Baina tabutzat jotzen dugu.
00:43
We feel awkward and shameful talking about it.
13
43160
2880
Ezeroso eta lotsatuta sentitzen gara horretaz jarduterakoan.
00:47
When I got my first periods,
14
47840
1816
Lehenengo hilekoa izan nuenean,
00:49
I was told to keep it a secret from others --
15
49680
2360
besteengandik ezkutatzeko esan zidaten --
00:52
even from my father and brother.
16
52760
1880
baita nire aita eta nebarengandik ere.
00:55
Later when this chapter appeared in our textbooks,
17
55640
2616
Geroago, atal hori testuliburuetan agertu zenean,
00:58
our biology teacher skipped the subject.
18
58280
2336
biologia irakasleak hurrengo gaira egin zuen salto.
01:00
(Laughter)
19
60640
2680
(Barreak)
01:04
You know what I learned from it?
20
64000
1680
Badakizue zer ikasi nuen?
01:06
I learned that it is really shameful to talk about it.
21
66360
3160
Horretaz mintzatzea lotsagarria dela.
01:10
I learned to be ashamed of my body.
22
70080
2656
Nire gorputzaz lotsatzea ikasi nuen.
01:12
I learned to stay unaware of periods
23
72760
3056
Hilerokoa alde batera uzten ikasi nuen
01:15
in order to stay decent.
24
75840
1960
neska zintzoa izan nedin.
01:18
Research in various parts of India
25
78440
1816
Indian egindako hainbat ikerketak
01:20
shows that three out of every 10 girls are not aware of menstruation
26
80280
4736
erakusten dute hamar neskatik hiruk ez daukatela hilekoaren berri
01:25
at the time of their first periods.
27
85040
1760
hilekoa lehenengo aldiz dutenean.
01:27
And in some parts of Rajasthan
28
87400
1616
Eta Rajastaneko toki batzuetan
01:29
this number is as high as nine out of 10 girls being unaware of it.
29
89040
4840
zifrak altuagoak dira: hamar neskatik bederatzi.
01:34
You'd be surprised to know
30
94800
1656
Harrituko zinatekete jakinda ezagutu ditudan neska gehienek
01:36
that most of the girls that I have spoken to,
31
96480
2216
01:38
who did not know about periods at the time of their first menstruation
32
98720
3816
hilekoari buruz ezer ere ez zekitela lehenengo aldiz hilekoa izan zutenean.
01:42
thought that they have got blood cancer
33
102560
2376
Odol minbizia zeukatela uste zuten
01:44
and they're going to die soon.
34
104960
1600
eta handik gutxira hilko zirela.
01:48
Menstrual hygiene is a very important risk factor
35
108760
2936
Higienea arrisku-faktore garrantzitsua da
01:51
for reproductive tract infections.
36
111720
2560
ugal-aparatu infekzioei dagokienez.
01:55
But in India, only 12 percent of girls and women
37
115040
3176
Baina, Indian, neska eta emakumeen %12k soilik dauzka
01:58
have access to hygienic ways of managing their periods.
38
118240
3760
menstruazio egunetan behar dituen higiene baliabideak.
02:02
If you do the math,
39
122840
1496
Kalkuluak egiten badituzue,
02:04
88 percent of girls and women use unhygienic ways to manage their periods.
40
124360
5096
%88k bide ez-higienikoak erabiltzen ditu hilerokoa daukanean.
02:09
I was one of them.
41
129480
1200
Ni haietako bat nintzen.
02:11
I grew up in a small town called Garhwa, in Jharkhand,
42
131880
2936
Garhwa izeneko hiri txiki batean hazi nintzen, Jharkhand-en,
02:14
where even buying a sanitary napkin is considered shameful.
43
134840
3120
non konpresa bat erostea ere lotsagarritzat jotzen den.
02:18
So when I started getting my periods,
44
138840
2055
Hortaz, hilerokoa izaten hasi nintzenean,
02:20
I began with using rags.
45
140919
1761
trapuak erabiltzen hasi nintzen.
02:24
After every use I would wash and reuse them.
46
144560
2656
Garbitu eta berrerabili egiten nituen erabili ostean.
02:27
But to store them,
47
147240
1256
Baina gordetzeko,
02:28
I would hide and keep it in a dark, damp place
48
148520
2616
toki ilun eta heze batean ezkutatzen nituen
02:31
so that nobody finds out that I'm menstruating.
49
151160
2600
inork ere ez jakiteko hilerokoa neukala.
02:34
Due to repeated washing the rags would become coarse,
50
154520
2616
Askotan garbitzearen ondorioz, trapuak laztu egiten ziren,
02:37
and I would often get rashes and infections using them.
51
157160
3000
eta negalak eta infekzioak izaten nituen erabiltzerakoan.
02:40
I wore these already for five years until I moved out of that town.
52
160880
4280
Bost urtez erabili nituen hiri hartatik joan nintzen arte.
02:47
Another issue that periods brought in my life
53
167640
2336
Hilekoak nire bizitzan sortu zuen beste arazo bat
02:50
those of the social restrictions
54
170000
2296
murriztapen sozialak izan ziren,
02:52
that are imposed upon our girls and women when they're on their periods.
55
172320
4336
hilerokoa daukaten neska eta emakumeei inposatzen zaizkienak.
02:56
I think you all must be aware of it,
56
176680
2296
Uste dut guztiok ezagutzen dituzuela.
02:59
but I'll still list it for the few who don't.
57
179000
2960
Hala ere, zerrendatu egingo ditut ezagutzen ez dituzuenontzat.
03:02
I was not allowed to touch or eat pickles.
58
182720
2480
Ezin nituen ozpinetako pepinoak ukitu edo jan.
03:05
I was not allowed to sit on the sofa or some other family member's bed.
59
185840
4856
Sofan edo familiakoen oheetan esertzea debekatuta neukan.
03:10
I had to wash my bed sheet after every period,
60
190720
2456
Hileko bakoitzaren ostean izarak garbitu behar nituen,
03:13
even if it was not stained.
61
193200
1936
nahiz eta garbi egon.
03:15
I was considered impure
62
195160
1816
Pertsona zikintzat jotzen ninduten
03:17
and forbidden from worshipping or touching any object of religious importance.
63
197000
4800
eta ez zidaten uzten objektu erlijiosoak gurtzen edo ukitzen.
03:22
You'll find signposts outside temples
64
202880
2216
Tenpluen kanpoaldean kartelak daude
03:25
denying the entry of menstruating girls and women.
65
205120
2440
hilekoa daukatenei sartzen uzten ez dietenak.
03:29
Ironically,
66
209080
1376
Modu ironikoan,
03:30
most of the time it is the older woman
67
210480
2816
gehienetan emakume edadetuena da
03:33
who imposes such restrictions on younger girls in a family.
68
213320
4440
murriztapen horiek inposatzen dizkiena familiako neska gazteenei.
03:38
After all, they have grown up accepting such restrictions as norms.
69
218360
4176
Azken finean, murriztapen horiek onartzen hazi dira haiek.
03:42
And in the absence of any intervention,
70
222560
3016
Eta ez denez inolako esku-hartzerik egon,
03:45
it is the myth and misconception
71
225600
2016
mitoak eta ideia okerrak dira
03:47
that propagate from generation to generation.
72
227640
2600
belaunaldiz belaunaldi zabaldu direnak.
03:51
During my years of work in this field,
73
231240
1856
Arlo horretan lanean ibili naizen urteetan,
03:53
I have even come across stories
74
233120
1496
istorioak ezagutu ditut
03:54
where girls have to eat and wash their dishes separately.
75
234640
3616
non neskek besteengandik banatuta jan eta beren platerak bereizita garbitu behar zituzten.
03:58
They're not allowed to take baths during periods,
76
238280
2336
Ez diete bainatzen uzten hilekoa dutenean,
04:00
and in some households they are even secluded from other family members.
77
240640
4080
eta, etxe batzuetan, familiako kideengandik isolatzen dituzte.
04:05
About 85 percent of girls and women in India
78
245720
3536
Indiako neska eta emakumeen %85 inguruk
04:09
would follow one or more restrictive customs on their periods every month.
79
249280
5320
ohitura murriztatzaile bat edo gehiago jasaten zuen hilero.
04:15
Can you imagine what this does
80
255320
1536
Imagina dezakezue zer eragin daukan
04:16
to the self-esteem and self-confidence of a young girl?
81
256880
2960
neska gazte baten autoestimuan eta konfiantzan?
04:20
The psychological trauma that this inflicts,
82
260720
2736
Horrek sortzen duen trauma psikologikoa,
04:23
affecting her personality,
83
263480
2576
bere izaerari eragiten diona,
04:26
her academic performance
84
266080
1736
jarduera akademikoari,
04:27
and every single aspect of growing up during her early formative years?
85
267840
4640
eta haztearen alderdi guztiei lehenengo heziketa-urteetan?
04:33
I religiously followed all these restrictive customs for 13 years,
86
273760
4040
Erlijioari jarraituz bete nituen ohitura murriztatzaileak 13 urtez,
04:38
until a discussion with my partner, Tuhin,
87
278400
2376
nire bikote Tuhinekin izandako eztabaida batek
04:40
changed my perception about menstruation forever.
88
280800
2560
hilekoarekiko nuen jarrera betirako aldatu zuen arte.
04:44
In 2009, Tuhin and I were pursuing our postgraduation in design.
89
284280
5456
2009an, Tuhin eta biok graduondoko diseinu ikasketetan ari ginen.
04:49
We fell in love with each other
90
289760
1656
Maitemindu ginen
04:51
and I was at ease discussing periods with him.
91
291440
2440
eta gustora hitz egiten nuen hilekoari buruz berarekin.
04:54
Tuhin knew little about periods.
92
294640
1920
Tuhinek ezer gutxi zekien.
04:57
(Laughter)
93
297520
2280
(Barreak)
05:03
He was astonished to know that girls get painful cramps
94
303800
3616
Harritu egin zen jakitean neskek karranpa mingarriak jasaten ditugula
05:07
and we bleed every month.
95
307440
1416
eta hilero odola izaten dugula.
05:08
(Laughter)
96
308880
2096
(Barreak)
05:11
Yeah.
97
311000
1496
Bai.
05:12
He was completely shocked to know
98
312520
1776
Aho zabalik geratu zen jakitean
05:14
about the restrictions that are imposed upon menstruating girls and women
99
314320
5176
zer nolako arauak inposatzen dizkieten hilekoa duten neska eta emakumeei
05:19
by their own families and their society.
100
319520
2576
beren familiek eta gizarteek.
05:22
In order to help me with my cramps,
101
322120
2056
Karranpen mina baretzen laguntzeko,
05:24
he would go on the Internet and learn more about menstruation.
102
324200
3800
Interneten bilatu eta hilekoaren inguruko gauza gehiago ikasten zituen.
05:28
When he shared his findings with me,
103
328600
1736
Aurkitutakoa kontatzen zidanean,
05:30
I realized how little I knew about menstruation myself.
104
330360
3000
neuk ere ezer gutxi nekiela konturatzen nintzen.
05:33
And many of my beliefs actually turned out to be myths.
105
333960
3120
Eta nituen uste asko mitoak besterik ez zirela.
05:38
That's when we wondered:
106
338360
1536
Orduan nire buruari galdetu nion:
05:39
if we, being so well educated,
107
339920
2336
guk, hezkuntza ona jasota
05:42
were so ill-informed about menstruation,
108
342280
2096
horren informazio kaskarra badugu,
05:44
there would be millions of girls out there who would be ill-informed, too.
109
344400
4000
informazio okerra daukaten milioika neska egongo dira.
05:49
To study --
110
349760
1216
Aztertzeko --
05:51
to understand the problem better,
111
351000
1776
arazoa hobe ulertzeko, urtebeteko ikerketari ekin nion
05:52
I undertook a year-long research to study the lack of awareness about menstruation
112
352800
4616
hilekoarekiko kontzientzia eza eta arazoaren jatorria aztertzeko.
05:57
and the root cause behind it.
113
357440
1600
05:59
While it is generally believed
114
359960
1736
Hilekoaren informazio eza eta uste okerrak
06:01
that menstrual unawareness and misconception is a rural phenomenon,
115
361720
5976
landa eremuko fenomenoa direla uste ohi den arren,
06:07
during my research,
116
367720
1216
hirietako fenomenoa ere badela ikusi nuen ikertzerakoan.
06:08
I found that it is as much an urban phenomenon as well.
117
368960
2976
06:11
And it exists with the educated urban class, also.
118
371960
4360
Eta baita ondo hezitako hiriko jendearena ere.
06:17
While talking to many parents and teachers,
119
377280
2496
Hainbat guraso eta irakaslerekin hitz egiterakoan,
06:19
I found that many of them actually wanted to educate girls about periods
120
379800
5296
konturatu nintzen haietako askok hilekoen berri eman nahi zietela neskei
06:25
before they have started getting their menstrual cycle.
121
385120
2640
hilekoaren zikloa hasi aurretik.
06:28
And --
122
388840
1216
Eta --
06:30
but they lacked the proper means themselves.
123
390080
3536
baina haiek ere ez zeukaten baliabide egokirik.
06:33
And since it is a taboo,
124
393640
1256
Eta tabu bat denez gero,
06:34
they feel inhibition and shameful in talking about it.
125
394920
3040
inhibituta eta lotsatuta sentitzen dira horri buruz mintzatzerakoan.
06:38
Girls nowadays get their periods in classes six and seven,
126
398840
4616
Neskek hamaika urte ingururekin izaten dute hilekoa lehen aldiz,
06:43
but our educational curriculum
127
403480
1616
baina gure hezkuntza curriculumean
06:45
teaches girls about periods only in standard eight and nine.
128
405120
3800
hamahiru edo hamalau urte dituztenean ikasten dute hilerokoen inguruan.
06:49
And since it is a taboo,
129
409800
1560
Eta tabu bat denez gero,
06:52
teachers still skip the subject altogether.
130
412000
3440
irakasleek gaia atzean utzi eta hurrengoari ekiten diote.
06:56
So school does not teach girls about periods,
131
416840
4256
Hortaz, eskolan ez dute hilekoaren inguruan ikasten,
07:01
parents don't talk about it.
132
421120
2136
gurasoek ez dute horri buruz hitz egiten.
07:03
Where do the girls go?
133
423280
1400
Nora jotzen dute neskek?
07:05
Two decades ago and now --
134
425680
2840
Duela bi hamarkada eta gaur egun --
07:09
nothing has changed.
135
429120
1280
ez da deus aldatu.
07:12
I shared these finding with Tuhin and we wondered:
136
432120
2820
Aurkitutakoa Tuhini erakutsi nion eta zera pentsatu genuen:
07:14
What if we could create something
137
434960
1616
zerbait sortuko bagenu
07:16
that would help girls understand about menstruation on their own --
138
436600
4576
neskek beren kabuz menstruazioa zer den ulertzeko --
07:21
something that would help parents and teachers
139
441200
4216
eta guraso eta irakasleei lagunduko dien zerbait
07:25
talk about periods comfortably to young girls?
140
445440
2920
gazteekin hilekoaz eroso jardun dezaten?
07:29
During my research,
141
449840
1616
Ikerketan
07:31
I was collecting a lot of stories.
142
451480
1976
istorio asko bildu nituen.
07:33
These were stories of experiences of girls during their periods.
143
453480
4680
Neskek hilekoa zutenean izandako esperientzien istorioak ziren.
07:38
These stories would make girls curious and interested
144
458800
3256
Istorio horiek kuriositatea eta interesa piztuko zituzten neskengan
07:42
in talking about menstruation in their close circle.
145
462080
3936
menstruazioari buruz hitz egin zezaten beren ingurukoekin.
07:46
That's what we wanted.
146
466040
1456
Hori zen nahi genuena.
07:47
We wanted something that would make the girls curious
147
467520
3336
Neskengan kuriositatea piztuko zuen zeozer nahi genuen
07:50
and drive them to learn about it.
148
470880
2176
eta horren inguruan ikastera bideratuko ziutena.
07:53
We wanted to use these stories to teach girls about periods.
149
473080
3160
Hilerokoen inguruan irakasteko erabili nahi genituen.
07:57
So we decided to create a comic book,
150
477360
3096
Beraz, komiki bat sortzea erabaki genuen,
08:00
where the cartoon characters would enact these stories
151
480480
3256
non pertsonaiek istorio horiek antzezten dituzten
08:03
and educate girls about menstruation in a fun and engaging way.
152
483760
3880
eta, hala, neskek hilekoari buruz era entretenigarrian ikasten dute.
08:08
To represent girls in their different phases of puberty,
153
488360
3016
Neskak pubertaroaren faseetan irudikatzeko,
08:11
we have three characters.
154
491400
1640
hiru pertsonaia ditugu:
08:13
Pinki, who has not gotten her period yet,
155
493560
3176
Pinki, oraindik hilekorik izan ez duena;
08:16
Jiya who gets her period during the narrative of the book
156
496760
3496
Jiya, narrazioan hilekoarekin hasten dena;
08:20
and Mira who has already been getting her period.
157
500280
3256
eta Mira, jada hilekoa izan duena.
08:23
There is a fourth character, Priya Didi.
158
503560
2416
Laugarren pertsonaia bat dago, Priya Didi.
08:26
Through her, girls come to know about the various aspects of growing up
159
506000
3536
Berari esker, haztearen hainbat aspektu
08:29
and menstrual hygiene management.
160
509560
1800
eta hileko higienea ikasten dute neskek.
08:32
While making the book, we took great care
161
512455
1943
Liburua egiterakoan, kontuan izan genuen irudiak ezin zirela iraingarriak
08:34
that none of the illustrations were objectionable in any way
162
514423
3953
08:38
and that it is culturally sensitive.
163
518400
1960
edota kulturarentzat kaltegarriak izan.
08:41
During our prototype testing, we found that the girls loved the book.
164
521200
3856
Prototipoa ateratzerakoan, neskek liburua izugarri gogoko zutela ikusi genuen.
08:45
They were keen on reading it
165
525080
1376
Irakurtzeko gogoa zuten
08:46
and knowing more and more about periods on their own.
166
526480
2760
eta haien kabuz geroz eta gehiago jakin nahi zuten hilekoaz.
08:50
Parents and teachers were comfortable in talking about periods
167
530039
3017
Guraso eta irakasleek
eroso hitz egiten zieten gaiaz neska gazteei liburua baliatuz,
08:53
to young girls using the book,
168
533080
1695
08:54
and sometimes even boys were interested in reading it.
169
534799
2977
eta batzuetan mutilek ere irakurtzeko interesa erakutsi zuten.
08:57
(Laughter)
170
537800
2136
(Barreak)
08:59
(Applause)
171
539960
1760
(Txaloak)
09:03
The comic book helped in creating an environment
172
543840
3816
Komikiak ingurune bat sortzen lagundu zuen
09:07
where menstruation ceased to be a taboo.
173
547680
2440
non menstruazioa jada ez zen tabua.
09:10
Many of the volunteers took this prototype themselves to educate girls
174
550720
4056
Boluntarioetako askok prototipoa hartu zuten neskei erakusteko
09:14
and take menstrual awareness workshops in five different states in India.
175
554800
3936
eta hilekoarekiko kontzientzia tailerrak egin zituzten Indiako bost eskualdetan.
09:18
And one of the volunteers took this prototype to educate young monks
176
558760
3376
Boluntarioetako batek monje gazteei erakusteko hartu zuen
09:22
and took it to this monastery in Ladakh.
177
562160
2216
eta Ladakheko monasterio honetara eraman zuen.
09:24
We made the final version of the book, called "Menstrupedia Comic"
178
564400
3336
Liburuaren azken bertsioa egin genuen, "Menstrupedia Comic" izenekoa
09:27
and launched in September last year.
179
567760
2760
eta aurreko urteko irailean plazaratu genuen.
09:31
And so far,
180
571120
1376
Eta oraingoz,
09:32
more than 4,000 girls have been educated by using the book in India and --
181
572520
4336
4.000 neska baino gehiagok liburu honekin ikasi du Indian eta --
09:36
(Applause)
182
576880
2656
(Txaloak)
09:39
Thank you.
183
579560
1216
Eskerrik asko.
09:40
(Applause)
184
580800
2320
(Txaloak)
09:46
And 10 different countries.
185
586240
1800
Eta baita 10 herrialde gehiagotan ere.
09:49
We are constantly translating the book into different languages
186
589160
3016
Etengabe ari gara liburua beste hizkuntzetara itzultzen
09:52
and collaborating with local organizations
187
592200
2736
eta tokiko erakundeekin elkarlanean
09:54
to make this book available in different countries.
188
594960
2656
liburua hainbat herrialdetan eskuragarri izateko.
09:57
15 schools in different parts of India
189
597640
2936
Indiako 15 eskolak
10:00
have made this book a part of their school curriculum
190
600600
3416
hezkuntza curriculumean sartu dute liburua
10:04
to teach girls about menstruation.
191
604040
1776
neskei hilekoaren inguruan irakasteko.
10:05
(Applause)
192
605840
2400
(Txaloak)
10:12
I am amazed to see how volunteers,
193
612440
5336
Txundituta nago ikusita nola
boluntarioak, banakoak, gurasoak, irakasleak, eskola zuzendariak,
10:17
individuals, parents, teachers, school principals,
194
617800
4136
10:21
have come together
195
621960
1496
batu diren
10:23
and taken this menstrual awareness drive to their own communities,
196
623480
4256
eta nola zabaldu duten hilekoarekiko kontzientzia beren komunitateetan,
10:27
have made sure that the girls learn about periods at the right age
197
627760
3696
ziurtatu dute neskek adin egokian izatea hilekoaren berri
10:31
and helped in breaking this taboo.
198
631480
2160
eta tabua hausten lagundu dute.
10:35
I dream of a future where menstruation is not a curse,
199
635040
4296
Amets egiten dudan etorkizunean hilekoa ez da madarikazio bat,
10:39
not a disease,
200
639360
1536
ezta gaixotasun bat ere,
10:40
but a welcoming change in a girl's life.
201
640920
2440
neska baten bizitzako aldaketa pozgarria baizik.
10:44
And I would --
202
644120
1216
Eta --
10:45
(Applause)
203
645360
2120
(Txaloak)
10:49
And I would like to end this
204
649960
1376
Gustatuko litzaidake
10:51
with a small request to all the parents here.
205
651360
3896
hemen dauden guraso guztiei mesede txiki bat eskatuz bukatzea.
10:55
Dear parents,
206
655280
1200
Guraso maiteok,
10:57
if you would be ashamed of periods,
207
657240
2216
hilerokoaz lotsatzen bazarete,
10:59
your daughters would be, too.
208
659480
2216
zuen alabak ere lotsatuko dira.
11:01
So please be period positive.
209
661720
2456
Izan zaitezte "hilerokoaren aldekoak", mesedez.
11:04
(Laughter)
210
664200
1216
(Barreak)
11:05
Thank you.
211
665440
1216
Eskerrik asko.
11:06
(Applause)
212
666680
2723
(Txaloak)
Webgune honi buruz

Gune honek ingelesa ikasteko erabilgarriak diren YouTube bideoak aurkeztuko dizkizu. Mundu osoko goi mailako irakasleek emandako ingeleseko ikasgaiak ikusiko dituzu. Egin klik bikoitza bideo-orri bakoitzean bistaratzen diren ingelesezko azpitituluetan, hortik bideoa erreproduzitzeko. Azpitituluak bideoaren erreprodukzioarekin sinkronizatuta mugitzen dira. Iruzkin edo eskaerarik baduzu, jar zaitez gurekin harremanetan harremanetarako formulario hau erabiliz.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7