The secret formula to Agatha Christie's murder mysteries - Jamie Bernthal

642,092 views ・ 2022-08-18

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Vanesa Vaštag Lektor: Milenka Okuka
00:06
Agatha Christie is the best-selling novelist of all time.
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Agata Kristi je najprodavanija spisateljica svih vremena.
00:11
But in 1916, she wasn’t even the most promising writer in her family.
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Međutim, 1916. godine nije čak bila ni najbolji pisac u svojoj porodici.
00:16
Her older sister Madge had already written several short stories,
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Njena starija sestra Madž je već bila napisala par kratkih priča,
00:20
while Agatha hadn’t published any.
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dok Agata nije objavila ni jednu.
00:22
So when Agatha shared her desire to write a mystery novel,
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Kada je rekla da želi da piše misterije,
00:26
Madge scoffed.
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Madž joj se smejala.
00:27
She bet that Agatha wouldn’t be able to create a compelling mystery—
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Kladila se da Agata neće moći da napiše vrhunsku misteriju -
00:31
and certainly not something she couldn't solve.
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a pogotovo ne nešto što ona ne bi mogla da reši.
00:34
Today, the novel that came of that bet
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Danas, roman koji je nastao iz te opklade
00:37
stands alongside almost 100 other mysteries written by Christie,
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je jedan od skoro 100 misterija koje je Kristi napisala.
00:41
each one a cleverly constructed puzzle box
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Svaki od njih je zagonetka ingeniozno sastavljena
00:44
of clues, misdirection, and human drama.
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od tragova, pogrešnog usmeravanja i ljudske drame.
00:48
So let's investigate how she crafted these perfect crimes.
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Hajde da istražimo kako je napisala te savršene zločine.
00:52
Christie designed her stories in many ways,
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Kristi je na mnogo načina konstruisala njene priče,
00:55
but one of the most important decisions was the setting.
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ali najbitnija odluka je mesto radnje.
00:58
From a remote island to a snow-stalled train car,
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Od napuštenog ostrva do vagona zaglavljenog u snegu,
01:02
she favored locations isolated from society.
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ona je volela izolovana mesta.
01:05
By restricting the scope of her stories,
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Ograničavanjem obima priča,
01:08
Christie limited possible suspects and built tension
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smanjila je broj osumnjičenih i stvorila napetost
01:11
by forcing characters to stay put—
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tako što je naterala likove da ostanu tu gde su -
01:14
even with a killer among them.
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iako je ubica među njima.
01:16
Sometimes she further heightened the drama
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Ponekad bi dodatno naglasila dramu
01:19
by making the characters strangers,
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tako što bi za likove izabrala strance,
01:21
unsure who they can trust.
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koji ne znaju kome da veruju.
01:24
But while her settings are eerie and extraordinary,
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Dok su mesta radnje jeziva i čudna,
01:27
her characters are just the opposite.
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njeni likovi su sušta suprotnost.
01:30
One of the biggest criticisms of Christie’s novels
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Najveća kritika Kristinih romana
01:32
is that they’re full of two-dimensional people.
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je da su puna crno-belih likova.
01:35
But Christie avoided complex characters for a reason.
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Međutim, ona je s razlogom izbegavala složene likove.
01:38
By reducing people to a handful of simple traits,
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Svodeći ih na par jednostavnih osobina,
01:42
she provided readers with predictable suspects.
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čitaocima je pružala lako previdljive osumnjičene.
01:45
Well, usually predictable.
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Pa, obično su predvidljivi.
01:48
Christie also used the audience's expectations against them.
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Iskoristila je i očekivanja publike protiv njih.
01:52
However, this typecasting sometimes relied on
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Međutim, ova se tipizacija likova ponekad oslanjala
01:55
what contemporary readers know to be harmful stereotypes.
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na nešto što savremeni čitaoci prepoznaju kao štetne stereotipe.
01:59
She frequently caricatured particular occupations and ethnic groups
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Često je ismevala određena zanimanja i etničke grupe
02:03
for comic effect,
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radi komičnih efekata,
02:05
reinforcing the prejudices of her time.
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čime je ojačavala tadašnje predrasude.
02:07
This is certainly not an element of Christie’s work worth emulating,
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To svakako nije deo njenog rada koji vredi kopirati,
02:11
and fortunately, many modern mystery writers
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i srećom, mnogi savremeni autori misterija
02:14
have found less problematic ways to use this technique.
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našli su bolje načine da koriste ovu tehniku.
02:17
Even when she got it wrong,
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Čak i kad je grešila,
02:19
Christie worked to make her characters feel authentic.
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Kristi se trudila da likovima dâ autentičnost.
02:22
She closely observed the people around her,
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Posmatrala je ljude oko sebe,
02:25
and constantly scribbled down details from overheard conversations.
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i zapisivala detalje iz razgovora.
02:30
She would then rearrange these details to piece her mysteries together,
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Zatim bi preuredila detalje kako bi sastavila priču.
02:34
often switching who the murderer was as she worked.
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Često bi tokom pisanja menjala identitet ubice.
02:37
This approach kept information murky and disoriented even the sharpest readers.
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Takav pristup stvara tajne i zbunjuje čak i najoštroumnije čitaoce.
02:43
However, there’s an important balance to strike
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Međutim, postoji ravnoteža koju treba održati
02:46
between being clever and being confusing.
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između genijalnosti i zbunjenosti.
02:48
Nobody wants to read a predictable mystery,
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Niko ne želi predvidljive misterije,
02:51
but if things get too convoluted you can lose your reader altogether.
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ali ako je priča previše složena, čitaoci će odustati od čitanja.
02:55
Christie handled this in part by keeping her language simple and accessible.
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Kristi je to pomirila upotrebom jednostavnog i pristupačnog jezika.
03:01
She used short sentences and clear, snappy dialogue
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Koristila je kratke rečenice i jasne, žustre razgovore
03:05
to help readers follow information.
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kako bi čitaoci lakše pratili informacije.
03:07
This kind of clarity is essential,
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Takva jasnoća je značajna
03:09
because the best mysteries string their audience along
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jer najbolje misterije održavaju pažnju
03:12
with a carefully laid trail of clues.
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pažljivo izloženim nizom tragova.
03:15
With Christie, a good clue is one the reader will remember,
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Za Kristi, dobar trag je onaj koji će čitaoci pamtiti,
03:18
but usually, fail to completely understand.
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ali koji neće potpuno razumeti.
03:22
For example, when a character cries that “Everything tastes foul today,”
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Kao kad lik kaže da: “Danas sve ima odvratan ukus”,
03:27
just minutes before he dies,
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svega nekoliko minuta pre nego što umre,
03:29
the reader races to determine who poisoned his beverage.
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čitaoci će želeti da reše ko je otrovao njegovo piće.
03:32
But they’re likely failing to truly consider this clue.
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Međutim, verovatno neće u potpunosti razmišljati o ovom tragu.
03:37
If everything tasted foul that day,
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Ako danas sve ima odvratan ukus,
03:39
then he’d been poisoned long before that drink.
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onda bi se mnogo pre tog pića otrovao.
03:43
Christie also used clues to intentionally mislead her audience.
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Tragovma je takođe namerno usmeravala čitaoce na pogrešan put.
03:48
For example, readers might recognize a clue associated with one suspect,
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Na primer, čitaoci će neki trag povezati sa jednim osumnjičenim,
03:53
only to learn that it was being used to frame them.
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samo da bi saznali da je lažno optužen.
03:56
Other times, she built misdirection directly into the story’s structure—
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Ponekad bi pogrešne tragove ugradila u strukturu priče -
04:01
like when a narrator reporting the murder is revealed to be the killer.
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kao kad se sazna da je pripovedač, koji govori o ubistvu, zapravo ubica.
04:06
Outside crime and clues,
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Pored zločina i tragova,
04:08
there’s one more ingredient in Christie’s formula:
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postoji još jedan sastojak u Kristinoj formuli:
04:11
the detective.
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detektivi.
04:12
Christie created many sleuths,
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Kristi ih je stvorila mnogo,
04:14
but her most enduring are Hercule Poirot and Miss Jane Marple.
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ali najdraži su Herkul Poaro i gđica Džejn Marpl.
04:19
Neither this petit Belgian refugee nor this elderly amateur detective
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Ni sitna belgijska izbeglica, niti stariji amaterski detektiv
04:23
are traditional heroes.
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nisu tradicionalni heroji.
04:25
But their outsider status is exactly what helps them slip past security
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Ali to što su autsajderi dovodi do toga da se osumnjičeni
04:30
and make suspects let their guard down.
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opuste i postanu neoprezni.
04:32
As you might have guessed, Agatha won her sister’s bet.
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Verovatno ste pogodili, Agata je pobedila u opkladi sa sestrom.
04:36
Her eccentric detectives, clever clues, and simplified suspects
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Ekscentrični detektivi, genijalni tragovi i uprošćeni osumnjičeni
04:40
form a blueprint that has stumped countless readers.
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stvaraju obrazac koji ostavlja bezbrojne čitaoce bez reči.
04:43
And now that you've uncovered her strategies,
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Sada kada znate njene strategije,
04:45
the only mystery left is what stories you can tell with these secrets.
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jedina misterija je kakve priče možete vi pisati uz pomoć ovih tajni.
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