The walk from "no" to "yes" | William Ury

722,588 views ・ 2010-12-01

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翻译人员: Kelvin Wang 校对人员: Angelia King
艰难的谈判这个主题
00:16
Well, the subject of difficult negotiation
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00:18
reminds me of one of my favorite stories from the Middle East,
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使我想起了一个我最喜欢的
中东的故事,
00:22
of a man who left to his three sons, 17 camels.
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有一个男人给他的三个孩子留下了17只骆驼。
他给大儿子一半的骆驼;
00:26
To the first son, he left half the camels;
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00:28
to the second son, he left a third of the camels;
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给二儿子三分之一的骆驼;
00:30
and to the youngest son, he left a ninth of the camels.
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给小儿子九分之一的骆驼。
然后三个儿子就开始了谈判。
00:33
The three sons got into a negotiation -- 17 doesn't divide by two.
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17无法被2整除。
17无法被3整除。
00:37
It doesn't divide by three.
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00:38
It doesn't divide by nine.
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17也无法被9整除。
00:40
Brotherly tempers started to get strained.
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三兄弟的脾气开始变得冒火。
00:42
Finally, in desperation,
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最终,他们绝望了,
00:44
they went and they consulted a wise old woman.
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他们去咨询了一个聪明的老妇人。
00:47
The wise old woman thought about their problem for a long time,
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这个聪明的老妇人对他们的问题想了很久,
最终她走了回来说,
00:50
and finally she came back and said, "Well, I don't know if I can help you,
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“嗯,我不知道我能否帮助你们,
但至少,如果你们愿意的话,你们可以把我的骆驼拿走。”
00:54
but at least, if you want, you can have my camel."
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于是他们有了18只骆驼。
00:56
So then, they had 18 camels.
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大儿子拿了一半儿骆驼,18的一半儿是9只。
00:58
The first son took his half -- half of 18 is nine.
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二儿子拿了三分之一,18的三分之一是6只。
01:01
The second son took his third -- a third of 18 is six.
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01:03
The youngest son took his ninth -- a ninth of 18 is two.
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小儿子拿了他的九分之一,
18的九分之一是2只。
01:07
You get 17.
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于是得到了17只。
01:09
They had one camel left over.
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他们最后剩下了一只骆驼。
01:11
They gave it back to the wise old woman.
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他们又把它还给了聪明的老妇人。
01:13
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:15
Now, if you think about that story for a moment,
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如果现在你仔细思考一下这个故事的话,
01:17
I think it resembles a lot of the difficult negotiations
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我觉得它像
很多我们所经历过的艰难谈判一样。
01:21
we get involved in.
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01:22
They start off like 17 camels, no way to resolve it.
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开始他们有17只骆驼--这根本就没办法解决。
01:24
Somehow, what we need to do
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然而我们需要做的
01:26
is step back from those situations, like that wise old woman,
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是从问题当中走出来,就像那个聪明的老妇人一样
重新来看待这个情况,
01:30
look at the situation through fresh eyes
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然后想出那第18只骆驼的方法。
01:32
and come up with an 18th camel.
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01:35
Finding that 18th camel in the world's conflicts
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找出世界争端的第18只骆驼
01:37
has been my life passion.
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现在成为了我一生的激情所在。
01:40
I basically see humanity a bit like those three brothers.
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我基本上认为人类就像这三个兄弟一样;
01:43
We're all one family.
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我们是一个大家庭。
01:45
We know that scientifically,
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我们从科学的角度知道这一点
01:47
thanks to the communications revolution,
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感谢信息革命
01:49
all the tribes on the planet -- all 15,000 tribes --
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使地球上所有的部落,所有15,000个部落
01:52
are in touch with each other.
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相连在一起。
01:55
And it's a big family reunion.
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这是一个大家庭的团圆。
01:57
And yet, like many family reunions,
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而且,像很多家庭团圆一样,
01:59
it's not all peace and light.
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并不总是和平与光明的,
02:01
There's a lot of conflict,
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也有很多的争端。
02:03
and the question is: How do we deal with our differences?
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问题是,
我们怎样处理我们之间的差异?
02:07
How do we deal with our deepest differences,
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我们怎么处理我们内在的不同,
02:09
given the human propensity for conflict
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鉴于人类制造冲突的本性
以及拥有制造
02:12
and the human genius at devising weapons of enormous destruction?
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大规模杀伤性武器的才能?
02:16
That's the question.
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这是一个问题。
02:18
As I've spent the last better part of three decades, almost four,
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我花了三十多年的时间——
基本上是四十年
02:23
traveling the world,
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来环球旅行
02:25
trying to work, getting involved in conflicts
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努力工作,并卷入到
02:28
ranging from Yugoslavia to the Middle East
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从南斯拉夫到中东,
到车臣,再到委内瑞拉的争端当中,
02:32
to Chechnya to Venezuela --
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02:33
some of the most difficult conflicts on the face of the planet --
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它们几乎都是地球上最艰难的争端,
02:36
I've been asking myself that question.
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我也一直问自己这个问题。
而且我觉得,从某种角度来说,我找到了
02:39
And I think I've found, in some ways, what is the secret to peace.
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和平的秘密。
02:42
It's actually surprisingly simple.
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其实它是惊人的简单。
02:45
It's not easy, but it's simple.
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它不容易,但是简单。
02:48
It's not even new.
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它甚至不是刚刚出现的,
02:49
It may be one of our most ancient human heritages.
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很可能是我们最早的人类遗产之一。
和平的秘密就是我们,
02:53
The secret to peace is us.
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02:55
It's us who act as a surrounding community around any conflict,
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是我们所有
在争端周围
的每一个人,
03:01
who can play a constructive role.
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并且我们可以发挥建设性的作用。
03:03
Let me give you just a story, an example.
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让我给你们讲一个故事,一个例子。
03:07
About 20 years ago,
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20年前,我在南非
03:08
I was in South Africa, working with the parties in that conflict,
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和参与冲突的政党一起工作,
03:11
and I had an extra month,
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我有一个月的额外时间,
03:12
so I spent some time living with several groups of San Bushmen.
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所以我花了一些时间
和一些桑布须曼人生活在一起。
03:17
I was curious about them, about the way in which they resolve conflict.
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我对他们以及他们解决争端的方法很感兴趣。
03:21
Because, after all, within living memory, they were hunters and gatherers,
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因为,在人们的记忆中,
他们是猎人和采集者,
03:25
living pretty much like our ancestors lived
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像我们祖先一样
03:27
for maybe 99 percent of the human story.
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人类历史中可能有99%是像他们这样生活着。
03:30
And all the men have these poison arrows that they use for hunting --
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所有男人都用带毒的箭来打猎——
03:33
absolutely fatal.
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绝对是致命的。
03:35
So how do they deal with their differences?
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那么他们怎么处理争端呢?
03:37
Well, what I learned is, whenever tempers rise in those communities,
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我所学到的是
在这些群体中,无论什么时候关系变得紧张起来,
03:42
someone goes and hides the poison arrows out in the bush,
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就会有人去把毒箭藏在丛林当中,
03:45
and then everyone sits around in a circle like this,
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然后所有人坐成一个圈,就像这样,
03:49
and they sit and they talk and they talk.
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他们坐着,讨论着,讨论着。
03:52
It may take two days, three days, four days,
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他们的讨论可能会用上两天,三天,四天
03:54
but they don't rest until they find a resolution
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但是他们不会停下来休息
直到他们找到一个解决的办法,
03:58
or better yet -- a reconciliation.
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或者更好的话,他们和解。
04:00
And if tempers are still too high,
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如果气氛还是很紧张的话,
04:02
then they send someone off to visit some relatives,
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他们就会派其中一个人去探访一些亲戚
04:04
as a cooling-off period.
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作为一个冷却期。
04:06
Well, that system is, I think, probably the system
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我觉得上述系统
很可能就是使我们活到现在的这个系统
04:09
that kept us alive to this point,
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04:11
given our human tendencies.
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它考虑到我们人类所拥有的天性。
这个系统,我将它称为“第三方”。
04:14
That system, I call "the third side."
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如果你想一想的话,
04:17
Because if you think about it, normally when we think of conflict,
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当我们思考一个冲突,当我们描述它的时候,
04:20
when we describe it,
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04:21
there's always two sides --
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总是有两方。
04:23
it's Arabs versus Israelis, labor versus management,
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这好比阿拉伯人与以色列人,劳动与管理,
04:25
husband versus wife, Republicans versus Democrats.
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丈夫与妻子,共和党人与民主党人,
04:28
But what we don't often see
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但是我们没有注意到的是
04:30
is that there's always a third side,
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总会有一个第三方。
而这个第三方,就是我们,
04:33
and the third side of the conflict is us, it's the surrounding community,
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是周围的团体,
04:36
it's the friends, the allies,
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朋友,联盟,
04:38
the family members, the neighbors.
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家庭成员,和邻居。
04:40
And we can play an incredibly constructive role.
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我们可以起到非常有建设性的作用。
04:43
Perhaps the most fundamental way in which the third side can help
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也许第三方起到的最根本的作用
是提醒其它两方
04:48
is to remind the parties of what's really at stake.
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什么才是最重要的。
04:51
For the sake of the kids, for the sake of the family,
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为孩子着想,为家庭着想,
为社区着想,为将来着想,
04:54
for the sake of the community, for the sake of the future,
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04:56
let's stop fighting for a moment and start talking.
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让我们暂时停止争斗,开始谈一谈。
因为当我们
05:00
Because, the thing is,
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05:01
when we're involved in conflict,
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陷入一场冲突当中的时候,
05:03
it's very easy to lose perspective.
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我们非常容易失去理智。
05:05
It's very easy to react.
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我们很容易有所反应。
05:07
Human beings -- we're reaction machines.
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人类就是反应机器。
05:10
And as the saying goes,
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常言道,
05:12
when angry, you will make the best speech
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当你生气时,你将作出最激昂的演讲
05:14
you will ever regret.
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为此你会后悔一辈子。
05:16
(Laughter)
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05:17
And so the third side reminds us of that.
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所以第三方提醒了我们这一点。
05:20
The third side helps us go to the balcony,
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第三方帮助我们来到阳台上,
05:22
which is a metaphor for a place of perspective,
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这是一个比喻,指的是一个审视思考的地方,
05:25
where we can keep our eyes on the prize.
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让我们把注意力集中在代价上面。
05:28
Let me tell you a little story from my own negotiating experience.
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让我给你们讲一个我自己谈判经历的故事。
05:31
Some years ago, I was involved as a facilitator in some very tough talks
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几年前我作为调停者卷进了
一些非常艰难的谈判对话
05:36
between the leaders of Russia and the leaders of Chechnya.
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在俄罗斯领导人
和车臣领导人之间的谈判。
05:40
There was a war going on, as you know.
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你知道,那个时候战争正在进行当中。
我们在海牙
05:43
And we met in the Hague, in the Peace Palace,
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和平宫里见面,
05:46
in the same room where the Yugoslav war-crimes tribunal was taking place.
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就在南斯拉夫战争罪行审判
发生的同一间屋子里。
05:51
And the talks got off to a rather rocky start
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从一开始这对话就非常的艰难
当车臣的副总统
05:54
when the vice president of Chechnya began by pointing at the Russians
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开始指着俄国人说,
05:57
and said, "You should stay right here in your seats,
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“你应该好好地待在你们的位置上,
06:00
because you're going to be on trial for war crimes."
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因为你们将要接受战争罪行的审判。”
然后他转向我,继续说到,
06:03
And then he turned to me and said,
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06:04
"You're an American.
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“你是一个美国人,
06:06
Look at what you Americans are doing in Puerto Rico."
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看看你们美国人在波多黎各都做了些什么。”
06:09
And my mind started racing, "Puerto Rico? What do I know about Puerto Rico?"
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于是我开始想,“波多黎各?关于波多黎各我都知道什么?”
我开始进行反应,
06:13
I started reacting.
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06:14
(Laughter)
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但然后我就想回到阳台上去。
06:15
But then, I tried to remember to go to the balcony.
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当他停下来,
06:18
And then when he paused
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06:19
and everyone looked at me for a response,
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所有人都等待我回答的时候,
06:21
from a balcony perspective, I was able to thank him for his remarks
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我从阳台上看到了一些东西,我可以感谢他的提醒
06:24
and say, "I appreciate your criticism of my country
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于是我说,“谢谢你对我祖国的批评,
06:27
and I take it as a sign that we're among friends
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我把它视作我们之间的友谊
和我们可以坦诚相待的标志。
06:30
and can speak candidly to one another."
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06:32
(Laughter)
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我们在这里不是来探讨波多黎各或者是过去的问题,
06:33
"And what we're here to do is not to talk about Puerto Rico or the past.
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而是看看是否可以找到一个解决方法
06:36
We're here to see if we can figure out a way
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06:38
to stop the suffering and the bloodshed in Chechnya."
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来停止车臣的苦难以及流血事件。”
对话又回到了正轨。
06:42
The conversation got back on track.
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06:44
That's the role of the third side,
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这就是第三方的角色
06:46
to help the parties go to the balcony.
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帮助争执的两方回到阳台上。
现在让我带你见识一下
06:49
Now let me take you, for a moment,
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06:51
to what's widely regarded as the world's most difficult conflict,
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什么被广泛认为是世界上最艰难的冲突
最无法想象的冲突,
06:54
or the most impossible conflict, the Middle East.
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这就是中东问题。
06:56
Question is: where's the third side there?
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问题是:第三方在哪里?
07:00
How could we possibly go to the balcony?
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我们怎么可能回到阳台上去?
07:02
Now, I don't pretend to have an answer to the Middle East conflict,
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我不是假装我知道
中东问题的答案,
07:06
but I think I've got a first step -- literally, a first step --
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但是我觉得我迈出了第一步,
名副其实的第一步,
07:10
something that any one of us could do as third-siders.
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我们每一个人都可以做一些第三方该做的事情。
07:13
Let me just ask you one question first.
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让我先问你一个问题。
07:15
How many of you in the last years
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你们中有多少人
在过去的几年里
觉得你关心过中东问题
07:20
have ever found yourself worrying about the Middle East
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想过自己能为此做点什么?
07:23
and wondering what anyone could do?
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07:24
Just out of curiosity, how many of you?
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只是好奇,有多少人?
07:26
OK, so the great majority of us.
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好的,我们中很大一部分人。
07:29
And here, it's so far away.
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这里,离中东很远。
07:31
Why do we pay so much attention to this conflict?
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为什么我们要这样关注中东问题呢?
07:34
Is it the number of deaths?
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是因为死亡的人数吗?
07:36
There are a hundred times more people who die in a conflict in Africa
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在非洲冲突中死的人数
是中东问题的上百倍。
07:39
than in the Middle East.
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07:40
No, it's because of the story,
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不。而是因为这个故事,
07:42
because we feel personally involved in that story.
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我们觉得自己也卷入了其中,
卷入到这个故事当中。
07:46
Whether we're Christians, Muslims or Jews, religious or non-religious,
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无论我们是基督教徒,穆斯林教徒还是犹太教徒,
信仰宗教者或是非宗教信仰者,
07:50
we feel we have a personal stake in it.
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我们觉得自己也和它有一些联系。
07:52
Stories matter;
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这是故事在发挥着作用。作为一个人类学家,我知道这一点。
07:53
as an anthropologist, I know that.
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07:55
Stories are what we use to transmit knowledge.
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故事被我们用来传递知识。
它给予我们生命的意义。
07:59
They give meaning to our lives.
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08:00
That's what we tell here at TED, we tell stories.
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这就是我们在TED所做的,我们讲故事。
故事是关键。
08:03
Stories are the key.
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08:04
And so my question is --
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所以我的问题是,
08:07
yes, let's try and resolve the politics there in the Middle East,
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没错,让我们试试解决中东
的政治问题,
08:11
but let's also take a look at the story.
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但是,也让我们看看这个故事。
08:14
Let's try to get at the root of what it's all about.
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让我们试着了解下这到底是怎么回事。
08:16
Let's see if we can apply the third side to it.
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让我们看看怎样使用第三方的办法。
这到底意味着什么?故事到底是怎样的?
08:19
What would that mean? What is the story there?
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我们作为人类学家,知道
08:22
Now, as anthropologists, we know that every culture has an origin story.
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每一个文化都有一个故事源头。
08:26
What's the origin story of the Middle East?
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那么中东的故事源头又是什么呢?
08:28
In a phrase, it's:
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如果用一句话来说,就是:
08:30
Four thousand years ago,
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4000年前,一个男人和他的家庭
08:31
a man and his family walked across the Middle East,
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步行穿越了中东,
08:35
and the world has never been the same since.
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世界从此变得不再一样。
那个男人,当然
08:39
That man, of course, was Abraham.
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就是亚伯拉罕。
08:42
And what he stood for was unity, the unity of the family;
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他主张团结,
家庭的团结。
08:46
he's the father of us all.
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他是我们所有人的父亲。
08:48
But it's not just what he stood for, it's what his message was.
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但不仅仅是他主张什么,还有他所传递的信息也是这样。
他所传递的基本信息也是团结在一起,
08:51
His basic message was unity too,
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08:53
the interconnectedness of it all, the unity of it all.
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一切的相互联系,一切的团结。
08:56
And his basic value was respect,
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他的基本理念得到了尊重,
08:59
was kindness toward strangers.
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对陌生人友好。
09:01
That's what he's known for, his hospitality.
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这就是他为人所知的东西,他的友好。
所以在那个意义上,
09:05
So in that sense,
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09:06
he's the symbolic third side of the Middle East.
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他就是中东问题
第三方的象征。
09:10
He's the one who reminds us that we're all part of a greater whole.
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他就是那个提醒我们
我们都是伟大人类大家庭的一部分。
09:15
Now, think about that for a moment.
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那么你会——
那么再想一想
09:19
Today, we face the scourge of terrorism.
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今天我们面临着恐怖主义的危害。
09:22
What is terrorism?
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什么是恐怖主义?
09:24
Terrorism is basically taking an innocent stranger
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基本来说,恐怖主义就是把一个完完全全的陌生人
09:27
and treating them as an enemy whom you kill in order to create fear.
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当作一个你要杀的敌人
以此来制造恐惧。
09:32
What's the opposite of terrorism?
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那么恐怖主义的反面是什么?
把一个完完全全的陌生人
09:35
It's taking an innocent stranger
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09:36
and treating them as a friend whom you welcome into your home,
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当作朋友
并且邀请他去你家里
09:41
in order to sow and create understanding
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以此来增进感情,互相理解,
互相尊重和爱。
09:44
or respect, or love.
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09:46
So what if, then, you took the story of Abraham,
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那么,如果
你看看亚伯拉罕这个第三方的故事
09:51
which is a third-side story,
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会怎么样?
09:53
what if that could be --
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这也许会——
09:55
because Abraham stands for hospitality --
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因为亚伯拉罕代表着友好
09:58
what if that could be an antidote to terrorism?
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这也许会成为恐怖主义的良药呢?
10:01
What if that could be a vaccine against religious intolerance?
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也许这会成为对抗
宗教偏执的疫苗呢?
10:05
How would you bring that story to life?
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你会怎样用生命来演绎这个故事?
10:08
Now, it's not enough just to tell a story.
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光讲故事是不够的——
这很有感染力——
10:11
That's powerful, but people need to experience the story.
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但人们需要的是去亲身感受这个故事。
10:14
They need to be able to live the story.
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他们需要去把故事演绎出来。你会怎么做?
10:16
How would you do that?
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10:17
And that was my thinking of how would you do that.
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我觉得你应该这样做。
10:20
And that's what comes to the first step here.
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因为这就是那第一步。
10:22
Because the simple way to do that is:
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因为简单的方法来做这件事
就是你去走一走。
10:25
you go for a walk.
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10:26
You go for a walk in the footsteps of Abraham.
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跟随着亚伯拉罕的足迹走一走。
10:30
You retrace the footsteps of Abraham.
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你重新去绘制亚伯拉罕之路。
10:33
Because walking has a real power.
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因为行走具有真正的力量。
10:36
You know, as an anthropologist, walking is what made us human.
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作为人类学家,你们知道,行走造就了我们人类。
10:39
It's funny -- when you walk, you walk side-by-side,
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行走很有趣,在你行走的时候,
你们肩并着肩一起走
10:43
in the same common direction.
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朝着共同的方向。
10:46
Now if I were to come to you face-to-face
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如果我面朝你们走来
10:48
and come this close to you,
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而且和你离得这么近,
10:50
you would feel threatened.
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你会感受到威胁。
10:54
But if I walk shoulder-to-shoulder,
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但是如果我和你肩并肩一起走,
即使肩膀碰着,
10:57
even touching shoulders,
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10:58
it's no problem.
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也没有问题。
11:00
Who fights while they walk?
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谁会在走路的时候打起来呢?
11:02
That's why in negotiations, often, when things get tough,
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这就是为什么,当协商变得艰难的时候,
11:05
people go for walks in the woods.
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人们会去森林里走一走。
11:07
So the idea came to me of, what about inspiring a path,
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所以我想到了这个点子
去开发
一条小径,一条路
11:13
a route -- think the Silk Route, think the Appalachian Trail --
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想想丝绸之路,想想阿巴拉契亚山径
11:16
that followed in the footsteps of Abraham?
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这些都追随着
亚伯拉罕的足迹。
人们会说,“这太疯狂了,你不能这样做。
11:21
People said, "That's crazy. You can't.
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11:22
You can't retrace the footsteps of Abraham -- it's too insecure,
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你无法重新绘制亚伯拉罕的足迹。这太不安全了。
11:25
you've got to cross all these borders,
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你会经过所有这些边界。
11:27
it goes across 10 different countries in the Middle East,
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中东有十个不同的国家
因为他们都连在一起。”
11:30
because it unites them all."
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所以我们在哈佛做了研究。
11:32
And so we studied the idea at Harvard.
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我们做了该做的努力。
11:34
We did our due diligence.
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11:35
And then a few years ago,
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然后几年前,我们一行几个人
11:36
a group of us, about 25 of us from 10 different countries,
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来自10个国家的25个人,
11:39
decided to see if we could retrace the footsteps of Abraham,
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决定看看是否可以重新绘制当年亚伯拉罕的足迹,
从他的出生地乌尔法出发
11:42
going from his initial birthplace in the city of Urfa
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在土耳其南部,美苏布达米亚北部。
11:45
in Southern Turkey, Northern Mesopotamia.
255
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11:47
And we then took a bus and took some walks
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然后我们乘坐了汽车,也步行了一段
11:50
and went to Harran, where, in the Bible, he sets off on his journey.
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走到哈兰
在圣经里,他出发的地方。
11:55
Then we crossed the border into Syria, went to Aleppo,
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然后我们跨域边境,来到叙利亚,前往阿勒颇,
11:57
which, turns out, is named after Abraham.
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它是个由亚伯拉罕命名的地方。
11:59
We went to Damascus,
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我们去了大马士革
12:01
which has a long history associated with Abraham.
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一个和亚伯拉罕有着很深渊源的地方。
然后我们去了北约旦,
12:04
We then came to Northern Jordan,
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12:06
to Jerusalem -- which is all about Abraham -- to Bethlehem,
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耶路撒冷,
那儿的一切都和亚伯拉罕有关,然后是伯利恒,
12:11
and finally, to the place where he's buried, in Hebron.
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最终来到他被埋葬的地方
希伯伦。
12:15
So effectively, we went from womb to tomb.
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所以,我们从他的出生地走到他的墓地。
12:17
We showed it could be done.
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我们证明了这是可以完成的。这真的是一个惊人的旅程。
12:18
It was an amazing journey.
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12:20
Let me ask you a question.
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让我问你一个问题。
12:22
How many of you have had the experience of being in a strange neighborhood
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你们中有多少人经历过
在一个完全陌生的社区里,
12:26
or strange land,
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或是一个完全陌生的土地上,
12:28
and a total stranger, perfect stranger,
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然后一个完全陌生的人,完完全全的陌生人
走到你面前向你表示友好,
12:32
comes up to you and shows you some kindness --
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12:34
maybe invites you into their home, gives you a drink,
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也许是邀请你到他家里去,请你喝些东西,
给你一杯咖啡,一顿饭?
12:37
gives you a coffee, gives you a meal?
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你们有多少人有过这样的经历?
12:39
How many of you have ever had that experience?
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这就是亚伯拉罕之路
12:41
That's the essence of the Abraham Path.
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的精华。
12:44
That's what you discover as you go into these villages in the Middle East
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这就是当你走到中东的那些小村子里你会发现的东西
你觉得会有敌意,
12:47
where you expect hostility,
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但你得到的却是最友善的款待,
12:49
and you get the most amazing hospitality,
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所有这一切都和亚伯拉罕有关。
12:51
all associated with Abraham:
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“以亚伯拉罕的名义,
12:53
"In the name of Father Ibrahim, let me offer you some food."
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请允许我给您一些吃的东西。”
12:56
So what we discovered
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所以我们发现,
12:58
is that Abraham is not just a figure out of a book for those people;
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亚伯拉罕对他们来说,不仅仅是书中的一个人物,
13:01
he's alive, he's a living presence.
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他还活着,他依然在那里。
13:04
And to make a long story short,
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所以长话短说,
13:06
in the last couple of years now,
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在过去的几年里,
13:08
thousands of people have begun to walk parts of the path of Abraham
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上千人开始了
亚伯拉罕之路的旅程
在中东,
13:13
in the Middle East,
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13:14
enjoying the hospitality of the people there.
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享受着那里人们的友好。
13:17
They've begun to walk in Israel and Palestine,
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他们已经在
以色列,巴勒斯坦开始行走,
13:21
in Jordan, in Turkey, in Syria.
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在约旦,土耳其,叙利亚开始行走,
这是很令人难以置信的经历。
13:24
It's an amazing experience.
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13:25
Men, women, young people, old people --
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男人,女人,年轻人,老人——
13:27
more women than men, actually, interestingly.
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有趣的是,事实上女人要比男人多。
13:30
For those who can't walk,
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那些无法行走的人,
13:32
who are unable to get there right now,
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现在那些无法到达那里的人
13:34
people started to organize walks in cities, in their own communities.
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人们开始规划他们的行走
在城市里,在他们自己的社区里。
13:38
In Cincinnati, for instance, they organized a walk
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比如在辛辛那提,组织了一个
从教堂到清真寺再到犹太教堂的行走
13:41
from a church to a mosque to a synagogue and all had an Abrahamic meal together.
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然后大家一起享用了亚伯拉罕式的餐点。
13:44
It was Abraham Path Day.
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这就是亚伯拉罕之路日。
13:46
In São Paulo, Brazil, it's become an annual event
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在巴西圣保罗,这已成为了一年一度的活动
13:48
for thousands of people to run in a virtual Abraham Path Run,
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上千人一起奔跑
在虚拟的亚伯拉罕之路上,
13:52
uniting the different communities.
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并集结了不同的社区来奔跑。
13:54
The media love it; they really adore it.
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媒体爱死了这件事,他们真的很爱这个活动。
13:57
They lavish attention on it because it's visual
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他们花了很大的精力在这上面
因为这是看得到的,
14:00
and it spreads the idea,
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而且还宣传了这个观念
14:02
this idea of Abrahamic hospitality, of kindness towards strangers.
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对于陌生人
要表现出亚伯拉罕式的友好。
14:07
And just a couple weeks ago, there was an NPR story on it.
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就在几周前,
全国公共广播电台NPR报道了一个关于这件事的故事。
14:11
Last month,
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上个月,
14:13
there was a piece in the Manchester Guardian about it,
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在卫报上有这么一个消息,
在曼彻斯特卫报上
14:18
two whole pages.
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差不多有两个整版报道此事。
14:21
And they quoted a villager
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他们引用了一个村子里的人的话
14:24
who said, "This walk connects us to the world."
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说:“这个行走将我们与世界连在了一起。”
14:27
He said, "It was like a light that went on in our lives --
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他说,这就像是一盏明灯把我们生命点亮。
14:30
it brought us hope."
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它给我们带来了希望。
14:32
And so that's what it's about.
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这就是它的意义所在。
14:34
But it's not just about psychology;
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这不仅仅是指在心理学的层面上,
14:36
it's about economics.
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而且还是在经济学的层面上,
14:38
Because as people walk, they spend money.
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因为当人们行走的时候,他们要有花销。
14:41
And this woman right here, Um Ahmad,
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眼前的这位妇人,乌姆·阿哈默德Um Ahmad
14:44
is a woman who lives on the path in Northern Jordan.
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是一个生活在亚伯拉罕之路北约旦路上的一位女性。
14:47
She's desperately poor.
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她相当地贫困。
14:49
She's partially blind, her husband can't work,
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她有点失明,而且她的丈夫无法工作,
14:52
she's got seven kids.
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她有7个孩子。
14:55
But what she can do is cook.
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1863
但是她可以烹饪。
14:57
And so she's begun to cook for some groups of walkers
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于是她开始给行走的人做吃的东西
15:00
who come through the village and have a meal in her home.
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经过这个村庄的步行者会在她家里吃上一顿。
他们坐在地板上。
15:04
They sit on the floor -- she doesn't even have a tablecloth.
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她甚至没有桌布。
15:07
She makes the most delicious food,
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她用周围乡下新鲜的植物
15:09
that's fresh from the herbs in the surrounding countryside.
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做了最好吃的食物。
15:12
And so more and more walkers have come,
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于是越来越多的行人来到了这里。
15:14
and lately she's begun to earn an income to support her family.
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然后她就开始有了一些收入
来补贴家用。
15:18
And so she told our team there, she said,
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她告诉我们在那里的团队,她说
15:21
"You have made me visible
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“在这个村庄,你们让别人看得起我了,
15:24
in a village where people were once ashamed to look at me."
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而过去人们觉得看到我
是一件耻辱的事。”
这就是亚伯拉罕之路的力量。
15:29
That's the potential of the Abraham Path.
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15:31
There are literally hundreds of those kinds of communities
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事实上已有上百个这样的团体
穿越了中东,踏上了亚伯拉罕之路。
15:34
across the Middle East, across the path.
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15:37
The potential is basically to change the game.
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其潜力本质上改变了这个游戏。
15:40
And to change the game, you have to change the frame, the way we see things --
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要改变这个游戏,需要改变其框架
我们看事情的角度——
15:44
to change the frame from hostility to hospitality,
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要改变框架
从敌意到友好
15:49
from terrorism to tourism.
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从恐怖主义到旅行。
15:52
And in that sense, the Abraham Path
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从这个角度上来讲,亚伯拉罕之路
是一个游戏变革者。
15:55
is a game-changer.
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让我给你们展示一样东西,
15:57
Let me just show you one thing.
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15:58
I have a little acorn here
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我这里有一个小橡果
16:00
that I picked up while I was walking on the path earlier this year.
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是我今年早些时候在亚伯拉罕之路上
捡到的。
16:04
Now, the acorn is associated with the oak tree, of course --
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当然这个橡果是和橡树相联系的——
长成一棵橡树,
16:07
grows into an oak tree, which is associated with Abraham.
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和亚伯拉罕有关。
16:10
The path right now is like an acorn;
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这条路现在就像这个橡果;
16:12
it's still in its early phase.
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它还在刚开始的阶段。
16:14
What would the oak tree look like?
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橡树长得什么样?
16:16
When I think back to my childhood,
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我想起了我的童年,
16:18
a good part of which I spent, after being born here in Chicago,
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在我在芝加哥出生后的大部分时光,
我都生活在欧洲。
16:21
I spent in Europe.
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如果你曾呆在
16:23
If you had been in the ruins of, say, London in 1945, or Berlin,
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废墟当中,比如说1945年的伦敦
或者是柏林,
16:29
and you had said,
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然后你说
16:31
"Sixty years from now,
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“从现在起60年后,
16:32
this is going to be the most peaceful, prosperous part of the planet,"
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这儿将会成为世界上最和平,最富足的地方。”
人们会想
16:36
people would have thought you were certifiably insane.
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你肯定是疯了。
16:39
But they did it, thanks to a common identity, Europe,
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但这得感谢他们的共同身份——欧盟,还有共同的经济
16:43
and a common economy.
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他们做到了这一点。
16:45
So my question is, if it can be done in Europe,
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所以我的问题是,如果这能在欧洲做到,
16:48
why not in the Middle East?
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那为什么在中东做不到呢?
16:50
Why not, thanks to a common identity, which is the story of Abraham,
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为什么不能通过一种共同身份——
亚伯拉罕的故事
16:54
and thanks to a common economy that would be based, in good part, on tourism?
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和很大一部分基于旅游业的共同经济
来达成一致呢?
17:00
So let me conclude, then,
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那么让我总结一下,
17:02
by saying that in the last 35 years,
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就我过去35年
在世界上处理过的
17:06
as I've worked in some of the most dangerous,
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最危险,最艰难,最棘手
17:08
difficult and intractable conflicts around the planet,
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的这些冲突工作来说,
17:11
I have yet to see one conflict that I felt could not be transformed.
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我还没有看到一个
让我感觉无法改变的冲突。
17:17
It's not easy, of course.
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当然,这并不容易,
17:19
But it's possible.
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但这是可能的。
17:21
It was done in South Africa.
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在南非做到了,
17:23
It was done in Northern Ireland.
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在北爱尔兰做到了,
17:25
It could be done anywhere.
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在任何地方我们都可以做到。
17:27
It simply depends on us.
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这仅仅取决于我们,
17:29
It depends on us taking the third side.
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取决于我们扮演的第三方角色。
所以让我来邀请你
17:33
So let me invite you to consider taking the third side,
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考虑成为这第三方,
17:36
even as a very small step.
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即使是迈出非常小的一步。
17:38
We're about to take a break in a moment.
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我们很快也会有所作为。
17:40
Just go up to someone
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走向那些
17:42
who's from a different culture, a different country,
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来自不同文化,不同国家,
17:45
a different ethnicity -- some difference --
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不同种族,各种不同的人们,
17:47
and engage them in a conversation.
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和他们进行交谈,听听他们的想法。
17:49
Listen to them.
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1234
17:50
That's a third-side act.
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这就是第三方的行动。
17:52
That's walking Abraham's Path.
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这样就走上了亚伯拉罕之路。
17:54
After a TED Talk,
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在TED演说后,
17:56
why not a TED Walk?
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为什么不来个TED行走呢?
17:57
(Laughter)
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那么,让我留给你们
17:59
So let me just leave you with three things.
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三样东西。
第一,和平的秘密
18:03
One is, the secret to peace is the third side.
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在于第三方。
18:08
The third side is us.
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第三方就是我们。
我们中的每一位
18:11
Each of us, with a single step,
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即使是迈出一小步,
18:14
can take the world, can bring the world
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它也可以使这个世界
18:17
a step closer to peace.
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向和平迈进一步。
18:20
There's an old African proverb that goes:
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有个古老非洲的成语这样说:
18:22
"When spiderwebs unite,
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“当蜘蛛网连接在一起,
18:24
they can halt even the lion."
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它们甚至可以使一只狮子停下来。”
18:27
If we're able to unite our third-side webs of peace,
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如果我们可以连接
我们第三方之间的和平网络,
我们甚至可以使战争这头狮子停下来。
18:32
we can even halt the lion of war.
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非常感谢
18:35
Thank you very much.
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18:36
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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