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譯者: Serena Chang
審譯者: Shelley Krishna Tsang
講到談判的困難度的主題
00:16
Well, the subject of difficult negotiation
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00:18
reminds me of one of my favorite stories
from the Middle East,
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讓我想到我喜歡的一個
中東來的故事
00:22
of a man who left
to his three sons, 17 camels.
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一個男子給了他三個兒子17隻駱駝
他把一半的駱駝給了他大兒子
00:26
To the first son, he left half the camels;
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00:28
to the second son,
he left a third of the camels;
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把三分之一的駱駝給他的二兒子
00:30
and to the youngest son,
he left a ninth of the camels.
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把九分之一給他的小兒子
三個兒子就開始協商了
00:33
The three sons got into a negotiation --
17 doesn't divide by two.
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17沒有辦法除以2
也沒有辦法除以3
00:37
It doesn't divide by three.
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00:38
It doesn't divide by nine.
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沒有辦法除以9
00:40
Brotherly tempers started to get strained.
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兄弟之間的感情就開始緊張啦
00:42
Finally, in desperation,
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最後, 他們豁出去了
00:44
they went and they consulted
a wise old woman.
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他們去找了一個聰明的老太太幫他們解決問題
00:47
The wise old woman thought
about their problem for a long time,
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這個聰明的老太太想了很久以後
最後她回來告訴他們
00:50
and finally she came back and said,
"Well, I don't know if I can help you,
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“嗯, 我不知道我該如何幫你們,
不過至少, 如果你們要的話, 你們可以拿走我的駱駝."
00:54
but at least, if you want,
you can have my camel."
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所以他們有18隻駱駝
00:56
So then, they had 18 camels.
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大兒子拿走了屬於他的一半--18隻的一半是9隻
00:58
The first son took his half --
half of 18 is nine.
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二兒子拿走了屬於他的三分之一--18隻的三分之一是六
01:01
The second son took his third --
a third of 18 is six.
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01:03
The youngest son took his ninth --
a ninth of 18 is two.
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小兒子拿走了屬於他的九分之一
18隻的九分之一是2
01:07
You get 17.
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加起來正好是17
01:09
They had one camel left over.
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他們還多出了一隻駱駝
01:11
They gave it back to the wise old woman.
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所以他們還給了聰明的老太太
01:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:15
Now, if you think
about that story for a moment,
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如果你認真的想想這個故事
01:17
I think it resembles a lot
of the difficult negotiations
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我想這和大部分我們常碰到的
難度高的談判類似
01:21
we get involved in.
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01:22
They start off like 17 camels,
no way to resolve it.
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剛開始的時候他們有17隻駱駝--沒有辦法解決這個難題
01:24
Somehow, what we need to do
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有的時候,我們需要的是
01:26
is step back from those situations,
like that wise old woman,
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往後退一步想一想,就像那個聰明的老太太一樣
用不一樣的眼光來看待這個問題
01:30
look at the situation through fresh eyes
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進而選擇用18隻駱駝來解決問題
01:32
and come up with an 18th camel.
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01:35
Finding that 18th camel
in the world's conflicts
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現在用"18隻駱駝"的邏輯來解決世界上的紛爭
01:37
has been my life passion.
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成為我的生命志向
01:40
I basically see humanity
a bit like those three brothers.
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基本上來說, 我對待人的態度就像那三兄弟一樣
01:43
We're all one family.
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我們是個大家庭
01:45
We know that scientifically,
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科學上而言, 我們也知道我們是個大家庭
01:47
thanks to the communications revolution,
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感謝大眾傳播的革命
01:49
all the tribes on the planet --
all 15,000 tribes --
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每個在地球上的種族, 一萬五千個種族
01:52
are in touch with each other.
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都可以和彼此保持聯絡
01:55
And it's a big family reunion.
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而這就是個大家庭的團圓
01:57
And yet, like many family reunions,
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就像大部分的家庭團聚一樣
01:59
it's not all peace and light.
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並不盡是和平和光明的
02:01
There's a lot of conflict,
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有許多的衝突
02:03
and the question is:
How do we deal with our differences?
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問題是
我們該如何處裡我們之間的差異?
02:07
How do we deal with
our deepest differences,
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基本人們對衝突的本性
02:09
given the human propensity for conflict
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和人類的智慧
來解決我們之間最深層的差異?
02:12
and the human genius at devising
weapons of enormous destruction?
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用設計精密的武器來解決巨大的破壞?
02:16
That's the question.
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這就是問題
02:18
As I've spent the last better part
of three decades, almost four,
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我花了過去三十年中最精華的時間
將近四十年
02:23
traveling the world,
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在世界各地旅行著
02:25
trying to work, getting
involved in conflicts
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試圖去解決,介入衝突之中
02:28
ranging from Yugoslavia to the Middle East
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從南斯拉夫到中東
從車臣到委內瑞拉
02:32
to Chechnya to Venezuela --
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02:33
some of the most difficult conflicts
on the face of the planet --
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有些是在地表上有史以來最困難的衝突
02:36
I've been asking myself that question.
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我問過我自己這個問題
我想我藉由某些方式找到了答案
02:39
And I think I've found, in some ways,
what is the secret to peace.
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所謂和平的秘密
02:42
It's actually surprisingly simple.
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事實上答案是令人驚訝的簡單
02:45
It's not easy, but it's simple.
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不是很容易, 但很簡單
02:48
It's not even new.
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不只是現在
02:49
It may be one of our most
ancient human heritages.
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這也許是我們最古老的人類遺產
和平的秘密是我們
02:53
The secret to peace is us.
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02:55
It's us who act as a surrounding
community around any conflict,
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是我們這些
在社區裡面對各種衝突時
扮演建設性的
03:01
who can play a constructive role.
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角色的人
03:03
Let me give you just a story, an example.
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讓我告訴你的故事,一個例子
03:07
About 20 years ago,
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將近二十年前我在南非
03:08
I was in South Africa,
working with the parties in that conflict,
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和一些團體處裡衝突
03:11
and I had an extra month,
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結束後我有一個月的假
03:12
so I spent some time living
with several groups of San Bushmen.
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所以我花了點時間和
一些San Bushmen的聚落住在一起
03:17
I was curious about them, about the way
in which they resolve conflict.
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我對於他們的生活模式和他們解決衝突的方式感到好奇
03:21
Because, after all, within living memory,
they were hunters and gatherers,
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因為,說穿了,在我們的記憶裡
他們是獵人和蒐集者
03:25
living pretty much
like our ancestors lived
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和百分之九十九的人類故事中
03:27
for maybe 99 percent of the human story.
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我們的祖先的生活方式一樣
03:30
And all the men have these poison arrows
that they use for hunting --
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而所有的人都擁有這些可以用來狩獵的毒藥
03:33
absolutely fatal.
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絕對致命的毒藥
03:35
So how do they deal
with their differences?
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所以他們如何面對他們與其他人之前的差異?
03:37
Well, what I learned is, whenever
tempers rise in those communities,
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事實上, 我從中學到了
當這些社區裡的人情緒開始沸騰時,
03:42
someone goes and hides
the poison arrows out in the bush,
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有些人會把毒藥藏在灌木以外的地方
03:45
and then everyone sits around
in a circle like this,
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然後所有人坐成像這樣的一個圓圈
03:49
and they sit and they talk and they talk.
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他們坐著, 然後討論, 然後討論
03:52
It may take two days,
three days, four days,
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也許會花上兩天, 三天, 四天
03:54
but they don't rest
until they find a resolution
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但他們不休息
直到他們找到解決方法
03:58
or better yet -- a reconciliation.
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或者更好的, 一個和解的方案
04:00
And if tempers are still too high,
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如果情緒仍然很高亢
04:02
then they send someone
off to visit some relatives,
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那他們就會讓有些人休息去拜訪親戚
04:04
as a cooling-off period.
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當作是讓彼此冷靜的時間
04:06
Well, that system is, I think,
probably the system
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這個系統是
我想, 也許是讓我們活到現在的原因
04:09
that kept us alive to this point,
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04:11
given our human tendencies.
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基於我們人類的天性
這個系統, 我稱它為第三方
04:14
That system, I call "the third side."
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因為如果你認真想想
04:17
Because if you think about it,
normally when we think of conflict,
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通常當我們想到爭執, 當我們描述爭執時,
04:20
when we describe it,
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04:21
there's always two sides --
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通常只有兩方面
04:23
it's Arabs versus Israelis,
labor versus management,
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阿拉伯對抗以色列, 勞工階層對抗管理階層
04:25
husband versus wife,
Republicans versus Democrats.
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丈夫對抗妻子, 共和黨對抗民主黨
04:28
But what we don't often see
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但我們通常看不見的是
04:30
is that there's always a third side,
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其實這中間都有個第三方
而這個爭執中的第三方是我們
04:33
and the third side of the conflict is us,
it's the surrounding community,
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是周遭的社區
04:36
it's the friends, the allies,
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是朋友, 是夥伴
04:38
the family members, the neighbors.
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是家人, 是鄰居
04:40
And we can play
an incredibly constructive role.
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而我們能扮演一個難以置信的建設性角色
04:43
Perhaps the most fundamental way
in which the third side can help
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應該能說最基本能讓第三方
來幫忙的
04:48
is to remind the parties
of what's really at stake.
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是提醒兩方什麼才是真正重要的
04:51
For the sake of the kids,
for the sake of the family,
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為了自己的小孩, 為了自己的家人
為了整個社區, 為了未來著想
04:54
for the sake of the community,
for the sake of the future,
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04:56
let's stop fighting for a moment
and start talking.
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停下戰鬥而開始進行談話
因為, 如果我們
05:00
Because, the thing is,
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05:01
when we're involved in conflict,
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介入了爭執中
05:03
it's very easy to lose perspective.
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往往很容易失去了對事物的洞察力
05:05
It's very easy to react.
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其實這很容易能反應
05:07
Human beings -- we're reaction machines.
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人類:我們是反應的機器
05:10
And as the saying goes,
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而就像那句格言說的
05:12
when angry, you will make the best speech
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當你在生氣時, 是最容易說出
05:14
you will ever regret.
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讓你永遠後悔的話
05:16
(Laughter)
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05:17
And so the third side reminds us of that.
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而第三方能提醒我們這點
05:20
The third side helps us go to the balcony,
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第三方幫助我們走到陽台上
05:22
which is a metaphor
for a place of perspective,
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隱喻為我們找個能透視問題的空間
05:25
where we can keep our eyes on the prize.
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讓我們能把焦點集中在最後的勝利上
05:28
Let me tell you a little story
from my own negotiating experience.
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讓我告訴你一個我自己談判經驗上的小故事
05:31
Some years ago, I was involved
as a facilitator in some very tough talks
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許多年前, 我在俄國的領袖
和車臣的領袖
05:36
between the leaders of Russia
and the leaders of Chechnya.
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的高峰會談上
擔任促進會談的角色
05:40
There was a war going on, as you know.
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正如你所知道的, 那時戰爭正在進行
而我們在海牙
05:43
And we met in the Hague,
in the Peace Palace,
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的和平宮殿裡會面
05:46
in the same room where the Yugoslav
war-crimes tribunal was taking place.
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在同個房間裡, 南斯拉夫的戰犯
正在接受審判
05:51
And the talks got off
to a rather rocky start
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而談話從艱難的對話開始
當車臣的副總統
05:54
when the vice president of Chechnya
began by pointing at the Russians
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開始指著俄國人說,
05:57
and said, "You should stay
right here in your seats,
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“你應該好好待在你的位子上,
06:00
because you're going
to be on trial for war crimes."
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因為你將會參加戰犯法庭。“
然後他繼續, 然後他指著我說,
06:03
And then he turned to me and said,
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06:04
"You're an American.
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你是個美國人
06:06
Look at what you Americans
are doing in Puerto Rico."
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看看你們美國人在波多黎各幹得好事。“
06:09
And my mind started racing, "Puerto Rico?
What do I know about Puerto Rico?"
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然後我的思緒開始奔跑, "波多黎各? 我對波多黎各了解多少?“
我開始回答他的談話,
06:13
I started reacting.
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06:14
(Laughter)
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但我試著記得走到陽台上去。
06:15
But then, I tried to remember
to go to the balcony.
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當他暫停談話,
06:18
And then when he paused
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06:19
and everyone looked at me for a response,
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所有人把目光集中到我身上想看我有什麼回答
06:21
from a balcony perspective,
I was able to thank him for his remarks
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從陽台角度看來, 我能夠謝謝他的評論
06:24
and say, "I appreciate
your criticism of my country
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然後說, “我感謝你對我的國家的批評,
06:27
and I take it as a sign
that we're among friends
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而我會把那當作是我們是朋友的象徵
所以才能率直的和對方談話
06:30
and can speak candidly to one another."
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06:32
(Laughter)
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我們在這裡不是為了討論波多黎各或是過去
06:33
"And what we're here to do is not
to talk about Puerto Rico or the past.
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我們在這裡是為看我們是否能找出
06:36
We're here to see
if we can figure out a way
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06:38
to stop the suffering
and the bloodshed in Chechnya."
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結束車臣人民的受苦和流血。
對話回到原先的軌道上
06:42
The conversation got back on track.
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06:44
That's the role of the third side,
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這就是第三方的角色
06:46
to help the parties go to the balcony.
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為了幫助任何一方走到陽台上
現在讓我借用你一點時間
06:49
Now let me take you, for a moment,
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06:51
to what's widely regarded as the world's
most difficult conflict,
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來看看人們稱為世界上最困難的爭執
或者最不可能解決的爭執
06:54
or the most impossible conflict,
the Middle East.
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那就是中東問題
06:56
Question is: where's the third side there?
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問題是:第三方在哪裡?
07:00
How could we possibly go to the balcony?
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我們該如何走到陽台上?
07:02
Now, I don't pretend to have an answer
to the Middle East conflict,
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我不想裝作我有解決中東問題
的答案
07:06
but I think I've got a first step --
literally, a first step --
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但我想我知道第一步該怎麼做
照字面上來講的第一步
07:10
something that any one of us
could do as third-siders.
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是我們之中任何一位都能把自己當作第三方而做的事情
07:13
Let me just ask you one question first.
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讓我首先問你一個問題
07:15
How many of you in the last years
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在你們之中有誰
在過去這幾年
曾經煩惱過中東問題
07:20
have ever found yourself
worrying about the Middle East
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且想過誰能解決這些問題?
07:23
and wondering what anyone could do?
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07:24
Just out of curiosity, how many of you?
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只是好奇, 有多少人?
07:26
OK, so the great majority of us.
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好的, 大多數的人都想過這個問題
07:29
And here, it's so far away.
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就在這裡, 這個離中東這麼遠的地方
07:31
Why do we pay so much attention
to this conflict?
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為什麼我們這麼關心這個問題?
07:34
Is it the number of deaths?
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是因為死亡人數嗎?
07:36
There are a hundred times more people
who die in a conflict in Africa
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在非洲的爭執中, 有比中東問題更多的
數以百計的人死去
07:39
than in the Middle East.
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07:40
No, it's because of the story,
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不是, 是因為故事本身
07:42
because we feel personally
involved in that story.
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因為我們覺得是置身在
故事當中
07:46
Whether we're Christians, Muslims or Jews,
religious or non-religious,
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不管我們是天主教, 穆斯林, 或者猶太人
有信仰或者沒信仰
07:50
we feel we have a personal stake in it.
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我們覺得這關係到個人利益
07:52
Stories matter;
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故事是有關係的。 身為一個人類學家, 我很清楚的知道這點
07:53
as an anthropologist, I know that.
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07:55
Stories are what we use
to transmit knowledge.
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故事是我們用來傳達知識的工具
他們給了我們的生活意義
07:59
They give meaning to our lives.
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08:00
That's what we tell here
at TED, we tell stories.
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就像我們在TED告訴你們的, 我們在講故事
故事是重點
08:03
Stories are the key.
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08:04
And so my question is --
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所以我的問題是
08:07
yes, let's try and resolve the politics
there in the Middle East,
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是的, 我們來試著解決在中東的
政治紛爭
08:11
but let's also take a look at the story.
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但讓我們先看一下故事本身
08:14
Let's try to get at the root
of what it's all about.
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試著看到故事的根源和內容
08:16
Let's see if we can apply
the third side to it.
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試著看看我們是否使用第三方的理念
那是什麼意義? 那故事會是怎樣?
08:19
What would that mean?
What is the story there?
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身為人類學家, 我們知道
08:22
Now, as anthropologists, we know
that every culture has an origin story.
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每個文化都有其起源的故事
08:26
What's the origin story
of the Middle East?
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那中東的起源故事是什麼?
08:28
In a phrase, it's:
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簡單來說就是
08:30
Four thousand years ago,
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四千年以前, 一個男人和他的家庭
08:31
a man and his family walked
across the Middle East,
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穿越了中東
08:35
and the world has never
been the same since.
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而世界從此就再也不一樣了
那個男人當然就是
08:39
That man, of course, was Abraham.
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亞伯拉罕
08:42
And what he stood for was unity,
the unity of the family;
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而他代表團結
一個家庭的團結
08:46
he's the father of us all.
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他是我們大家的父親
08:48
But it's not just what he stood for,
it's what his message was.
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但不只是他所代表的, 是他的訊息是什麼
他的基本訊息也是團結
08:51
His basic message was unity too,
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08:53
the interconnectedness of it all,
the unity of it all.
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所有的互聯性和所有的團結
08:56
And his basic value was respect,
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而他的基本原則是尊重
08:59
was kindness toward strangers.
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是對陌生人的友好
09:01
That's what he's known for,
his hospitality.
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這是他廣為人知的地方, 他的好客
所以就此而言
09:05
So in that sense,
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09:06
he's the symbolic third side
of the Middle East.
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他是中東裡的
第三方的象徵
09:10
He's the one who reminds us
that we're all part of a greater whole.
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他是提醒我們
我們都是隸屬於一個偉大的總體的那個人
09:15
Now, think about that for a moment.
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現在, 你要如何--
讓我們針對這個思考一下
09:19
Today, we face the scourge of terrorism.
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今天我們面臨恐怖主義的折磨
09:22
What is terrorism?
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什麼是恐怖主義?
09:24
Terrorism is basically
taking an innocent stranger
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簡單來說恐怖主義是把無辜的陌生人
09:27
and treating them as an enemy
whom you kill in order to create fear.
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像敵人一樣的傷害
以達到製造恐怖氣氛的目的
09:32
What's the opposite of terrorism?
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那什麼是恐怖主義的相反意義?
是把無辜的陌生人
09:35
It's taking an innocent stranger
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09:36
and treating them as a friend
whom you welcome into your home,
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像朋友一樣的對待
歡迎他們到你家裡
09:41
in order to sow and create understanding
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以達到播下善因和互相理解
或尊重, 或愛的目的
09:44
or respect, or love.
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09:46
So what if, then, you took
the story of Abraham,
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所以如果你能
把亞拉伯罕的故事
09:51
which is a third-side story,
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這個第三方的故事
09:53
what if that could be --
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如果能夠因為
09:55
because Abraham stands for hospitality --
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亞拉伯罕代表了好客
09:58
what if that could be
an antidote to terrorism?
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如果能夠因為這樣而成為恐怖主義的解藥?
10:01
What if that could be a vaccine
against religious intolerance?
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如果能有個預防針
消滅宗教之間的對立?
10:05
How would you bring that story to life?
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你會如何把這個故事運用到生活上?
10:08
Now, it's not enough just to tell a story.
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單單述說個故事是不夠的
那是有力的--
10:11
That's powerful, but people need
to experience the story.
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但人們需要體驗這個故事
10:14
They need to be able to live the story.
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他們需要生活在那個故事之中. 你要如何辦到?
10:16
How would you do that?
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10:17
And that was my thinking
of how would you do that.
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而這是我覺得你該做的事情
10:20
And that's what comes
to the first step here.
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這是第一個步驟
10:22
Because the simple way to do that is:
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因為這個步驟很簡單
就是你去步行
10:25
you go for a walk.
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10:26
You go for a walk
in the footsteps of Abraham.
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你跟隨著亞伯拉罕的腳步走
10:30
You retrace the footsteps of Abraham.
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你追述著亞伯拉罕的腳步前進
10:33
Because walking has a real power.
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因為步行中藴涵著真正的力量
10:36
You know, as an anthropologist,
walking is what made us human.
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你知道, 身為個人類學家, 步行是讓我們成為人的原因
10:39
It's funny -- when you walk,
you walk side-by-side,
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有趣的是, 當你步行,
你走在一起
10:43
in the same common direction.
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在同一個常見的方向裡
10:46
Now if I were to come to you face-to-face
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如果我是面對著你而前進
10:48
and come this close to you,
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而這麼靠近你
10:50
you would feel threatened.
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你會感到有威脅感
10:54
But if I walk shoulder-to-shoulder,
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但如果我們是肩並肩同行
就會碰觸到彼此的肩膀
10:57
even touching shoulders,
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10:58
it's no problem.
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也不成問題
11:00
Who fights while they walk?
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誰會在步行中打架呢?
11:02
That's why in negotiations,
often, when things get tough,
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這就是為什麼在談判中, 當事情變得難以解決時
11:05
people go for walks in the woods.
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人們在樹林間步行
11:07
So the idea came to me
of, what about inspiring a path,
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所以我有這個
開發一個路徑, 一個途徑
的點子
11:13
a route -- think the Silk Route,
think the Appalachian Trail --
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想想絲路, 想想阿巴拉契亞足跡--
11:16
that followed in the footsteps of Abraham?
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那都是跟隨著亞伯拉罕
的足跡
人們說, “這太瘋狂了, 你辦不到
11:21
People said, "That's crazy. You can't.
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11:22
You can't retrace the footsteps
of Abraham -- it's too insecure,
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你沒有辦法追循亞伯拉罕的足跡. 這太不安全了。
11:25
you've got to cross all these borders,
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你必須要穿越所有的國界.
11:27
it goes across 10 different countries
in the Middle East,
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中東裡有十個不同的國家
因為他們集結在一起了”
11:30
because it unites them all."
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所以我們在哈佛裡研究了這個想法
11:32
And so we studied the idea at Harvard.
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我們做了所有被交付的任務
11:34
We did our due diligence.
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11:35
And then a few years ago,
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幾年前, 我們之中的一個組
11:36
a group of us, about 25 of us
from 10 different countries,
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有大概25名來自10個不同國家的成員
11:39
decided to see if we could retrace
the footsteps of Abraham,
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決定試試看我們是否能追循亞伯拉罕的腳步
從他的出生地吾珥出發
11:42
going from his initial birthplace
in the city of Urfa
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在南土耳其, 北美索不達米亞
11:45
in Southern Turkey, Northern Mesopotamia.
255
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2171
11:47
And we then took a bus and took some walks
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然後我們坐公車和步行
11:50
and went to Harran, where, in the Bible,
he sets off on his journey.
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到了哈蘭
在聖經裡, 亞伯拉罕在這裡開始他的旅程
11:55
Then we crossed the border
into Syria, went to Aleppo,
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然後我們穿越了敘利亞的國界, 前往阿勒頗
11:57
which, turns out, is named after Abraham.
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是個由亞伯拉罕的名字來命名的地方
11:59
We went to Damascus,
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我們去到大馬士革
12:01
which has a long history
associated with Abraham.
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這個地方和亞伯拉罕有很深的淵源
我們然後來到北約丹
12:04
We then came to Northern Jordan,
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12:06
to Jerusalem -- which is all
about Abraham -- to Bethlehem,
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再去耶路撒冷
那地方整個城市都和亞伯拉罕有關, 去到伯利恆
12:11
and finally, to the place
where he's buried, in Hebron.
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最後去到希布倫
亞伯拉罕的墓地
12:15
So effectively, we went from womb to tomb.
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我們有效率的從發源地走到另一個發源地
12:17
We showed it could be done.
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我們證明了這一切是有可能辦到的. 這是趟驚奇的旅程
12:18
It was an amazing journey.
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12:20
Let me ask you a question.
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讓我問你個問題
12:22
How many of you have had the experience
of being in a strange neighborhood
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在你們之中有多少人有經歷過
在個完全陌生的社區
12:26
or strange land,
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2216
或著陌生的地方
12:28
and a total stranger, perfect stranger,
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然後一個完全陌生的人, 完完全全陌生的人
朝你走來並對你示好
12:32
comes up to you
and shows you some kindness --
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12:34
maybe invites you into their home,
gives you a drink,
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也許邀請你去他們家, 給你喝點東西
給你杯咖啡, 給你餐點?
12:37
gives you a coffee, gives you a meal?
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在你們之中有多少人有這樣的經驗?
12:39
How many of you have ever
had that experience?
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這就是亞伯拉罕之路
12:41
That's the essence of the Abraham Path.
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2791
的本質
12:44
That's what you discover as you go
into these villages in the Middle East
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但你發現的是, 你去到那些中東的村莊裡
你以為會面對擁有敵意的人們
12:47
where you expect hostility,
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而你得到最讓人驚喜的待客之道
12:49
and you get the most amazing hospitality,
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全部都和亞伯拉罕有關聯
12:51
all associated with Abraham:
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1409
“以聖父亞伯拉罕之名,
12:53
"In the name of Father Ibrahim,
let me offer you some food."
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讓我提供你一些食物“
12:56
So what we discovered
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1183
所以我們發現
12:58
is that Abraham is not just a figure
out of a book for those people;
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亞伯拉罕不只是一個藏在書中的人物
13:01
he's alive, he's a living presence.
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他活著, 他是個活生生的存在
13:04
And to make a long story short,
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而讓我簡短的講完這個故事
13:06
in the last couple of years now,
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2062
在過去的這幾年裡
13:08
thousands of people have begun to walk
parts of the path of Abraham
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數以千計的人們
開始試著在某些亞伯拉罕的路線上步行
在中東
13:13
in the Middle East,
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1333
13:14
enjoying the hospitality
of the people there.
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3055
享受著那些人們的好客
13:17
They've begun to walk
in Israel and Palestine,
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3239
他們開始在以色列
巴勒斯坦
13:21
in Jordan, in Turkey, in Syria.
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在約丹, 土耳其, 敘利亞步行
這是個很棒的經驗
13:24
It's an amazing experience.
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1309
13:25
Men, women, young people, old people --
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男人, 女人, 年輕人, 老人--
13:27
more women than men,
actually, interestingly.
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有趣的是, 事實上女人比男人多
13:30
For those who can't walk,
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那些無法參加的
13:32
who are unable to get there right now,
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2515
現在無法到現場參加的人們
13:34
people started to organize walks
in cities, in their own communities.
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3620
他們開始規劃步行
在城市裡, 在他們自己的社區裡。
13:38
In Cincinnati, for instance,
they organized a walk
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舉例來說,在辛辛那提市他們規劃了場步行
從教堂走到清真寺再走到猶太教堂
13:41
from a church to a mosque to a synagogue
and all had an Abrahamic meal together.
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然後大家一起享用亞伯拉罕式餐點
13:44
It was Abraham Path Day.
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那是亞伯拉罕之路日
13:46
In São Paulo, Brazil,
it's become an annual event
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2406
在巴西的聖保羅, 這已變成一年一度的活動
13:48
for thousands of people to run
in a virtual Abraham Path Run,
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3828
讓數以千計的人跑起來
在虛擬的亞伯拉罕之路上奔跑著
13:52
uniting the different communities.
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集結了不同的社區。
13:54
The media love it; they really adore it.
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媒體愛死了這件事, 他們非常熱愛這件事
13:57
They lavish attention on it
because it's visual
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3454
他們花了許多精神和時間關心這件事
因為這是看得到的
14:00
and it spreads the idea,
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1664
而且這個能傳播一個想法
14:02
this idea of Abrahamic hospitality,
of kindness towards strangers.
307
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4382
亞伯拉罕式的好客
對於陌生人的友好
14:07
And just a couple weeks ago,
there was an NPR story on it.
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4190
就在幾個禮拜前
全國公共廣播電台才剛報導過
14:11
Last month,
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1168
上個月,
14:13
there was a piece
in the Manchester Guardian about it,
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5917
在衛報上有條新聞
在曼徹斯特衛報上
14:18
two whole pages.
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1865
有大概兩版全頁
14:21
And they quoted a villager
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3220
他們訪問個村莊裡的人
14:24
who said, "This walk connects
us to the world."
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3087
他說:“這個步行讓我們和全世界連結在一起“
14:27
He said, "It was like a light
that went on in our lives --
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他說這就像我們生活中的一盞明燈
14:30
it brought us hope."
315
870805
1431
為我們照亮了希望
14:32
And so that's what it's about.
316
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2082
而這就是亞伯拉罕之路想表達的
14:34
But it's not just about psychology;
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1806
但不只是心靈層面的
14:36
it's about economics.
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1476
也關於經濟層面
14:38
Because as people walk, they spend money.
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因為當人們步行時他們也會花錢
14:41
And this woman right here, Um Ahmad,
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在那裡的這個女人, Um Ahmad,
14:44
is a woman who lives on the path
in Northern Jordan.
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住在亞伯拉罕之路在北約丹的路上
14:47
She's desperately poor.
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她非常非常的窮
14:49
She's partially blind,
her husband can't work,
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她有點失明, 她的丈夫無法工作
14:52
she's got seven kids.
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她有七個小孩要養
14:55
But what she can do is cook.
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但她只會煮飯
14:57
And so she's begun to cook
for some groups of walkers
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然後她開始為某些步行的團體煮飯
15:00
who come through the village
and have a meal in her home.
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他們來到村莊然後在她家用餐
他們坐在地上
15:04
They sit on the floor --
she doesn't even have a tablecloth.
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她家甚至沒有桌布
15:07
She makes the most delicious food,
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她煮出最美味的食物
15:09
that's fresh from the herbs
in the surrounding countryside.
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用鄉村的新鮮草藥煮出來的食物
15:12
And so more and more walkers have come,
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越來越多的步行者前來她家
15:14
and lately she's begun to earn an income
to support her family.
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最近她開始有了收入
來支持她的家庭
15:18
And so she told our team there, she said,
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她告訴我們的團隊, 她說,
15:21
"You have made me visible
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“你們讓我被關注了
15:24
in a village where people
were once ashamed to look at me."
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在這個人們一度覺得看著我
會感到羞恥和難為情的村莊裡“
這就是亞伯拉罕之路的潜力
15:29
That's the potential of the Abraham Path.
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15:31
There are literally hundreds
of those kinds of communities
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基本上而言有數以百計類似這樣的村莊
在中東上, 在亞伯拉罕之路上。
15:34
across the Middle East, across the path.
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15:37
The potential is basically
to change the game.
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其潜力就在於改變遊戲規則
15:40
And to change the game, you have to change
the frame, the way we see things --
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而去改變遊戲規則, 你必須要改變基本架構
我們看待事物的方式--
15:44
to change the frame
from hostility to hospitality,
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去改變基本架構
從擁有敵意到好客
15:49
from terrorism to tourism.
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從恐怖主義到觀光旅遊
15:52
And in that sense, the Abraham Path
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而在那觀念裡, 亞伯拉罕之路
是個改變遊戲規則的方法
15:55
is a game-changer.
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讓我給你看一樣東西
15:57
Let me just show you one thing.
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15:58
I have a little acorn here
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我這裡有個橡實
16:00
that I picked up while I was walking
on the path earlier this year.
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是我今年初步行亞伯拉罕之路時
撿到的
16:04
Now, the acorn is associated
with the oak tree, of course --
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想當然爾, 橡實和橡樹有關係
它長在橡樹上
16:07
grows into an oak tree,
which is associated with Abraham.
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也和亞伯拉罕有關聯
16:10
The path right now is like an acorn;
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這條路就像個橡實
16:12
it's still in its early phase.
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它還在剛開始的階段
16:14
What would the oak tree look like?
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橡樹會長得如何?
16:16
When I think back to my childhood,
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當我想到我的童年時
16:18
a good part of which I spent,
after being born here in Chicago,
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就在我出生在芝加哥後, 我到歐洲去生活
那是段美好的時光
16:21
I spent in Europe.
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1355
如果你在1945年時
16:23
If you had been in the ruins of, say,
London in 1945, or Berlin,
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有去過倫敦的廢墟,
或者是柏林的廢墟遺址
16:29
and you had said,
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1199
然後你說
16:31
"Sixty years from now,
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1683
“60年後
16:32
this is going to be the most peaceful,
prosperous part of the planet,"
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3325
這裡將成為世界上最和平,最富有的的地方“
人們會覺得
16:36
people would have thought
you were certifiably insane.
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3314
你肯定是瘋了
16:39
But they did it, thanks
to a common identity, Europe,
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3818
但他們辦到了也擁有共同的代號 -- 歐洲 --
16:43
and a common economy.
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1976
和一個共同的經濟體
16:45
So my question is,
if it can be done in Europe,
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所以我的問題是, 如果歐洲辦得到
16:48
why not in the Middle East?
364
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1643
那為什麼中東辦不到?
16:50
Why not, thanks to a common identity,
which is the story of Abraham,
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4687
為何不能用共同的代號--
就像亞拉伯罕的故事一樣--
16:54
and thanks to a common economy that
would be based, in good part, on tourism?
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4694
且因為興旺的旅遊業
而擁有共同的經濟體呢?
17:00
So let me conclude, then,
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所以讓我總結一下
17:02
by saying that in the last 35 years,
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3349
在過去的35年裡
在我和一些世界上最危險,困難,
17:06
as I've worked
in some of the most dangerous,
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2417
和棘手的
17:08
difficult and intractable conflicts
around the planet,
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爭執工作過後
17:11
I have yet to see one conflict
that I felt could not be transformed.
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我看到一個爭執
讓我覺得似乎無法改變
17:17
It's not easy, of course.
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1853
當然, 那不是件簡單的事
17:19
But it's possible.
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但是有可能的
17:21
It was done in South Africa.
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1940
南非的紛爭解決了
17:23
It was done in Northern Ireland.
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1885
在北愛爾蘭的紛爭也解決了
17:25
It could be done anywhere.
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1517
每個地方的紛爭都有可能可以解決
17:27
It simply depends on us.
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一切都取決於我們
17:29
It depends on us taking the third side.
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2852
需要我們成為那第三方
讓我邀請你
17:33
So let me invite you to consider
taking the third side,
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3612
來想想如何成為第三方
17:36
even as a very small step.
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1666
就算是個很小的步伐
17:38
We're about to take a break in a moment.
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2222
我們快要到休息時間了
17:40
Just go up to someone
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1060754
1977
走到某個人面前
17:42
who's from a different culture,
a different country,
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2643
來自不同的文化, 不同的國家
17:45
a different ethnicity --
some difference --
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1065422
2355
不同的種族, 和你有差異的
17:47
and engage them in a conversation.
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1637
然後與他們對話, 聆聽他們的想法
17:49
Listen to them.
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1234
17:50
That's a third-side act.
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1516
這就是個第三方的表現
17:52
That's walking Abraham's Path.
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2284
這就是亞伯拉罕之路的步行精神
17:54
After a TED Talk,
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1525
在TED演講後,
17:56
why not a TED Walk?
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1076117
1449
何不來個TED步行?
17:57
(Laughter)
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1421
讓我交給你
17:59
So let me just leave you
with three things.
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三件事情
第一件, 和平的祕密
18:03
One is, the secret to peace
is the third side.
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4709
就是第三方
18:08
The third side is us.
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2420
第三方是我們
我們每一個人
18:11
Each of us, with a single step,
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用小小的一步
18:14
can take the world, can bring the world
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2720
來帶領世界, 來帶動世界
18:17
a step closer to peace.
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1097429
1906
接近和平的那一步
18:20
There's an old African proverb that goes:
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2056
有個舊的非洲諺語說:
18:22
"When spiderwebs unite,
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2166
"當蜘蛛網團結在一起時,
18:24
they can halt even the lion."
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2563
他們可以使一隻獅子停止前進“
18:27
If we're able to unite
our third-side webs of peace,
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4275
如果我們能團結在一起
我們第三方的和平網團結在一起,
我們可以使戰爭這隻獅子停止下來。
18:32
we can even halt the lion of war.
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非常謝謝你們
18:35
Thank you very much.
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18:36
(Applause)
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3319
(掌聲)
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