The secrets of learning a new language | Lýdia Machová | TED

Translator: Nazarbek Nazarov Reviewer: Azizbek Nazarov

I love learning foreign languages.

Men chet tillarini o'rganishni yoqtiraman.

In fact, I love it so much that I like to learn a new language every two years,

Menga bu mashg'ulot shunchalik yoqadiki, men har ikki yilda yangi til o'rganaman.

currently working on my eighth one.

Hozirda esa sakkizinchisini o'rganayapman.

When people find that out about me, they always ask me,

Odamlar bu haqda xabar topganlarida doim so'rashadi:

"How do you do that? What's your secret?"

"Buni qanday qilasan? Siring nimada?"

And to be honest, for many years, my answer would be,

To'g'risini aytsam, yillar davomida shunday deb kelganman:

"I don't know. I simply love learning languages."

"Bilmadim. Men til o'rganishni yoqtiraman xolos".

But people were never happy with that answer.

Ammo bu javob odamlarni hech ham qoniqtirmasdi.

They wanted to know why they are spending years trying to learn even one language,

Ular bitta til o'rganish uchun yillarni sarflasa ham, nega yuqori darajaga erisha

never achieving fluency,

olmasligini bilishni istashardi.

and here I come, learning one language after another.

Shunday bir holatda ular oldida ko'p tillarni o'rganuvchi men...

They wanted to know the secret of polyglots,

Ular poliglotlar, ko'p tillarda so'zlay oluvchi

people who speak a lot of languages.

insonlar sirini bilishni xohlashadi.

And that made me wonder, too,

Bunga men ham qiziqib qoldim,

how do actually other polyglots do it?

aslida poliglotlar buni qanday uddalashadi?

What do we have in common?

Umumiy tomonlarimiz nimada?

And what is it that enables us

Bizga boshqa insonlarga nisbatan tilni

to learn languages so much faster than other people?

tezroq tilni o'zlashtirishga nima yordam beradi?

I decided to meet other people like me and find that out.

Poliglotlar bilan ko'rishib, buni aniqlashga qaror qildim.

The best place to meet a lot of polyglots

Eng oson yo'li - bir vaqtning o'zida bir

is an event where hundreds of language lovers

nechasini uchratish, yuzlab poliglotlar bir joyda

meet in one place to practice their languages.

yig'ilib, tajriba almashadigan tadbirda.

There are several such polyglot events organized all around the world,

Dunyo miqyosida o'tkaziladigan bir nechta poliglotlar tadbirlari bor.

and so I decided to go there

Men shu tadbirlarga bordim,

and ask polyglots about the methods that they use.

poliglotlardan o'zlarining metodlari haqda so'radim.

And so I met Benny from Ireland,

Men irlandiyalik Benni bilan tanishdim.

who told me that his method is to start speaking from day one.

Aytishicha, uning metodi birinchi kundanoq muloqot qilishga intilishdan iborat.

He learns a few phrases from a travel phrasebook

U so'zlashgichdan bir necha iboralarni o'rganadi va shu tilda

and goes to meet native speakers

gaplashuvchi odam bilan tanishib,

and starts having conversations with them right away.

ortga surmasdan darrov muloqot qilishni boshlaydi.

He doesn't mind making even 200 mistakes a day,

U kuniga 200 marta xato qilsa ham bundan havotir olmaydi.

because that's how he learns, based on the feedback.

Chunki u shunday o'rganadi, muloqot orqali.

And the best thing is, he doesn't even need to travel a lot today,

Hozirgi kunda buning uchun sayohat qilish ham shartmas, bu ajoyib!

because you can easily have conversations with native speakers

Chunki hozir boshqa tilda gapiruvchilar bilan so'zlashish oson

from the comfort of your living room, using websites.

va buni o'z xonangizdan chiqmasdan ham qila olasiz.

I also met Lucas from Brazil

Men braziliyalik Lukasni uchratdim,

who had a really interesting method to learn Russian.

uning rus tilini o'rganish metodi bilan tanishdim.

He simply added a hundred random Russian speakers on Skype as friends,

U Skype'da istalgan yuzlab ruslarga do'stlik takliflari yuboradi,

and then he opened a chat window with one of them

va istalgan bittasini tanlab chat oynasini ochadi.

and wrote "Hi" in Russian.

Va "Привет" deb yozadi.

And the person replied, "Hi, how are you?"

U inson "Привет, как дела?" javob yozadi.

Lucas copied this and put it into a text window with another person,

Lukas buni "копировать" qiladi va boshqa bir chatga tashlaydi,

and the person replied, "I'm fine, thank you, and how are you?"

u chatdagi inson esa bunga: "Я хорошо, спасибо, а как ты?" deb yozadi.

Lucas copied this back to the first person,

Lukas buni ham nusxalaydi va birinchi insonga yuboradi.

and in this way, he had two strangers have a conversation with each other

Va shu yo'l bilan u orqali ikkita inson o'zlari bilmagan holda

without knowing about it.

bir-biri bilan gaplashadi.

(Laughter)

(Kulgu)

And soon he would start typing himself,

Tez orada o'zi ham yozishni boshlaydi.

because he had so many of these conversations

Suhbatlar soni ko'payib,

that he figured out how the Russian conversation usually starts.

endi uning o'zi ham tushuna boshlaydi.

What an ingenious method, right?

Mohirona metod, shunday emasmi?

And then I met polyglots who always start by imitating sounds of the language,

Keyin men o'rganishni shu tildagi tovushlarni qo'llash bilan boshlaydigan,

and others who always learn the 500 most frequent words of the language,

shu tilda eng ko'p ishlatiladigan 500 ta so'zdan boshlaydigan, va hattoki

and yet others who always start by reading about the grammar.

grammatikasini o'rganish bilan boshlaydiganlarni ham ko'rdim.

If I asked a hundred different polyglots,

Yuzlab poliglotlardan so'rab,

I heard a hundred different approaches to learning languages.

siz yuzta tur xil usullarni eshitishingiz mumkin.

Everybody seems to have a unique way they learn a language,

Har birining o'zining til o'rganish metodi bor,

and yet we all come to the same result of speaking several languages fluently.

lekin hammamiz bir xil natijaga erishamiz: bir necha tilda oson gapiramiz.

And as I was listening to these polyglots telling me about their methods,

O'z usullari haqida gapirayotgan barcha poliglotlarni tinglayotib,

it suddenly dawned on me:

men shuni tushundim,

the one thing we all have in common

bizni bir narsa bog'laydi:

is that we simply found ways to enjoy the language-learning process.

biz til o'rganish jarayonidan zavq olishning yo'llarini topganmiz xolos.

All of these polyglots were talking about language learning

Barcha poliglotlar o'zlarining til o'rganishlari haqida

as if it was great fun.

zavqlanib gapirishardi.

You should have seen their faces

Ularni bir ko'rsangiz edi.

when they were showing me their colorful grammar charts

Rangli grammatik jadvallarini namoyish etishlari,

and their carefully handmade flash cards,

qo'lda yasalgan yangi so'zlar yozilgan kartochkalar,

and their statistics about learning vocabulary using apps,

va ularning dasturlar orqali so'z o'rganish statistikalarini.

or even how they love to cook based on recipes in a foreign language.

Hattoki chet tilida yozilgan retseptlar bo'yicha ovqatlar tayyorlashar edi.

All of them use different methods,

Har kim har xil metodlar qo'llaydi.

but they always make sure it's something that they personally enjoy.

Shu bilan birga ular tanlagan metod ularga zavq olibn kelishiga untilishadi.

I realized that this is actually how I learn languages myself.

Aslida men ham shunga o'xshash yo'l bilan til o'rganishimni tushundim.

When I was learning Spanish, I was bored with the text in the textbook.

Men ispan tilini o'rganayotganimda darslikdagi matnlardan zerikkan edim.

I mean, who wants to read about Jose

Temiryo'l bekatiga qanday o'tish

asking about the directions to the train station. Right?

haqida so'rayotgan Xose haqida o'qish kimga qiziq, to'g'rimi?

I wanted to read "Harry Potter" instead,

O'rniga men "Garri Potter"ni o'qishni xoxladim,

because that was my favorite book as a child,

juda ko'p marotaba o'qigan, bolalik

and I have read it many times.

davrimdagi eng sevimli kitobim.

So I got the Spanish translation of "Harry Potter" and started reading,

"Garri Potter"ning ispancha tarjimasini topdim va o'qishi boshladim.

and sure enough, I didn't understand almost anything at the beginning,

Boshida, albatta, men deyarli hech narsani tushunmadim, lekin bu

but I kept on reading because I loved the book,

kitobni yoqtirganim uchun o'qishda davom etdim.

and by the end of the book, I was able to follow it almost without any problems.

Va oxiriga kelganimda muammolarsiz tushuna boshladim.

And the same thing happened when I was learning German.

Xuddi shu holat nemis tilini boshlaganimda ham bo'ldi.

I decided to watch "Friends," my favorite sitcom, in German,

Sevimli serialim "Friends"ni nemis tilida ko'rishga qaror qildim,

and again, at the beginning it was all just gibberish.

va yana boshida hammasi tushunarsiz edi.

I didn't know where one word finished and another one started,

Qachon bitta so'z tugab, boshqasi boshlanayotganini tushunmasdim.

but I kept on watching every day because it's "Friends."

Lekin har kuni ko'rishda davom etdim, chunki bu Friends.

I can watch it in any language. I love it so much.

Men uni istalgan tilda ko'rishim mumkin, juda

And after the second or third season,

yoqtiraman. Va nihoyat 2-3 fasldan keyin

seriously, the dialogue started to make sense.

men ular nima deyotganini tushuna boshladim.

I only realized this after meeting other polyglots.

Boshqa poliglotlar bilan ko'rishgach, shuni tushundim:

We are no geniuses

bizlar daho emasmiz, bizda tezkor

and we have no shortcut to learning languages.

va oddiy til o'rganish usullari ham yo'q.

We simply found ways how to enjoy the process,

Biz faqat bu jarayondan zavqlana olamiz.

how to turn language learning from a boring school subject

Til o'rganishni zerikarli maktab darsidan

into a pleasant activity which you don't mind doing every day.

har kungi yoqimli mashg'ulotga aylantirgan holda. Agar siz

If you don't like writing words down on paper,

so'zlarni qog'ozga yozishni yoqtirmasangiz,

you can always type them in an app.

ularni dasturda saqlashingiz mumkin.

If you don't like listening to boring textbook material,

Agar darslikdagi zerikarli materiallarni eshitishni

find interesting content on YouTube or in podcasts for any language.

xohlamasangiz, unda YouTube yoki podkastlarni shu tilda topishingiz mumkin.

If you're a more introverted person

Agar siz introvert bo'lsangiz,

and you can't imagine speaking to native speakers right away,

va kim bilandir muloqotni tasavvur qila olmasangiz, unda

you can apply the method of self-talk.

ichki monolog metodidan foydalanishingiz mumkin.

You can talk to yourself in the comfort of your room,

O'z xonangizda hotirjam o'z-o'zingiz bilan gaplashing,

describing your plans for the weekend, how your day has been,

hafta rejasini, kun qanday o'tganini gapirib bergan,

or even take a random picture from your phone

yoki telefondagi istalgan bir rasmni olib,

and describe the picture to your imaginary friend.

uni tasvirlab bergan holda.

This is how polyglots learn languages,

Mana poliglotlar tillarni qanday o'rganadi.

and the best news is, it's available to anyone

Eng yaxshi tomoni shuki, bu til o'rganishni xoxlagan

who is willing to take the learning into their own hands.

barcha uchun qulaydir.

So meeting other polyglots helped me realize

Boshqa poliglotlar bilan uchrashuv menga

that it is really crucial to find enjoyment

til o'rganishdan zavqlana olish juda muhim

in the process of learning languages,

ekanligini tushunishimga yordam berdi.

but also that joy in itself is not enough.

Lekin bitta buning o'zi kamlik qiladi.

If you want to achieve fluency in a foreign language,

Agar ma'lum bir tilda erkin muloqot qilishni xoxlasangiz,

you'll also need to apply three more principles.

siz yana uchta qoidaga amal qilishingiz kerak.

First of all, you'll need effective methods.

Birinchidan, samarali metodlardan foydalaning.

If you try to memorize a list of words for a test tomorrow,

Agar siz ertaga testda tushadigan so'zlarni yodlashga harakat qilsangiz,

the words will be stored in your short-term memory

so'zlar sizning qisqa xotirangizga joylashadi,

and you'll forget them after a few days.

siz ularni bir necha kun o'tib unutasiz.

If you, however, want to keep words long term,

Agar so'zlar uzoq xotirada saqlanishini xoxlasangiz,

you need to revise them in the course of a few days repeatedly

siz ularni bir necha kun davomida takrorlab yurishingiz kerak,

using the so-called space repetition.

intervalli takrorlash yordamida.

You can use apps which are based on this system such as Anki or Memrise,

Siz buning uchun Anki yoki Memrise kabi dasturlarni qo'llashingiz mumkin.

or you can write lists of word in a notebook using the Goldlist method,

Yoki poliglotlar orasida keng qo'llaniladigan "Oltin ro'yhat" metodi

which is also very popular with many polyglots.

ya'ni daftarga so'zlarni yozib borishdan foydalaning.

If you're not sure which methods are effective and what is available out there,

Agar qaysidir metod samarali yoki qulayligiga ishonchingiz komil bo'lmasa,

just check out polyglots' YouTube channels and websites

poliglotlarning YouTube kanallari va vebsaytlarini kuzating,

and get inspiration from them.

ulardan ilhomlanish mumkin.

If it works for them, it will most probably work for you too.

Agar bu usullar ularda ishlasa, sizga ham asqotishi kerak.

The third principle to follow

Uchinchi qoida, bu o'rganish jarayonda

is to create a system in your learning.

tizimli yondashuvni qo'llay olish.

We're all very busy and no one really has time to learn a language today.

Biz hammamiz juda bandmiz va odatda bizga til o'rganish uchun vaqt yetmaydi.

But we can create that time if we just plan a bit ahead.

Lekin biz agar hammasini oldindan rejalashtirsak bo'sh vaqt topa olamiz.

Can you wake up 15 minutes earlier than you normally do?

Siz odatdagidan 15 daqiqa oldinroq uyg'ona olasizmi?

That would be the perfect time to revise some vocabulary.

Bu so'zlarni takrorlash uchun eng qulay vaqt bo'lgan bo'lardi.

Can you listen to a podcast on your way to work while driving?

Ishga ketayotib yoki mashina boshqarayotib podkastlarni tinglay olasizmi?

Well, that would be great to get some listening experience.

Chet tilidagi nutqni eshita boshlash siz uchun foydali bo'ladi.

There are so many things we can do without even planning that extra time,

Rejalashtirmasdan ham qilsa bo'ladigan ko'plab mashg'ulotlar bor.

such as listening to podcasts on our way to work

Masalan, podkastlarni siz ishga ketayotib yoki uyingizni

or doing our household chores.

tozalayotib tinglashingiz mumkin.

The important thing is to create a plan in the learning.

Til o'rganish rejasini tuzish muhimdir.

"I will practice speaking every Tuesday and Thursday

"Men har seshanba va payshanba o'rtog'im bilan

with a friend for 20 minutes.

muloqot qilishni 20 daqiqa mashq qilamiz.

I will listen to a YouTube video while having breakfast."

Nonushta payti YouTubeda videolarni tinglayman".

If you create a system in your learning,

Agar siz tizimli yondashuvni qo'llasangiz,

you don't need to find that extra time,

vaqt yetishmovchiligini his qilmaysiz,

because it will become a part of your everyday life.

til o'rganish hayotingizni bir bo'lagiga aylanadi.

And finally, if you want to learn a language fluently,

Va so'ngida siz bu tilni mukammal bilishni xoxlasangiz,

you need also a bit of patience.

sizdan yanada sabr talab etiladi.

It's not possible to learn a language within two months,

Ikki oy ichida tilni o'rganishning iloji yo'q,

but it's definitely possible to make a visible improvement in two months,

lekin ikki oy ichida sezilarli progressga erishish mumkin.

if you learn in small chunks every day in a way that you enjoy.

Albatta har kuni oz-ozdan, jarayondan zavqlangan holda o'rgangan bo'lsangiz.

And there is nothing that motivates us more

Va bizni shaxsiy rivojlanishimizdanda ko'proq

than our own success.

motivatsiyani o'zi yo'q.

I vividly remember the moment

Men "Friends" serialida birinchi marta

when I understood the first joke in German when watching "Friends."

nemis tilidagi hazilni tushungan lahzamni juda yaxshi eslayman.

I was so happy and motivated

Men juda baxtiyor va ilhomlangan edim.

that I just kept on watching that day two more episodes,

Men shu kuni odatdagidan ikki seriya ko'proq ko'rdim,

and as I kept watching,

va ko'rayotib

I had more and more of those moments of understanding, these little victories,

men sahnalarni yanada yaxshi tushunishni boshladim.

and step by step, I got to a level where I could use the language

Mening kichkina g'alabam meni qadamma- qadam yangi darajaga,

freely and fluently to express anything.

bu tilni qo'llay olishimga olib keldi.

This is a wonderful feeling.

Bu ajoyib hissoyot!

I can't get enough of that feeling,

Menga bu his shunchalik yoqdiki,

and that's why I learn a language every two years.

men har ikki yilda yangi til o'rganaman.

So this is the whole polyglot secret.

Mana poliglotlarning asosiy siri.

Find effective methods which you can use systematically

Ma'lum bir vaqt oralig'ida tizimli qo'llasa bo'ladigan

over the period of some time in a way which you enjoy,

samarali metodni topish va bu jarayondan zavqlanish.

and this is how polyglots learn languages within months, not years.

Poliglotlar tillarni aynan shunday o'rganishadi, yillar emas, oylar davomida.

Now, some of you may be thinking,

Hozir kimlardir o'ylashi mumkin:

"That's all very nice to enjoy language learning,

"Bu albatta chiroyli eshitiladi, zavq olish...

but isn't the real secret that you polyglots

Lekin asosiy sir poliglotlarning bizlarga qaraganda

are just super talented and most of us aren't?"

superqobiliyatliroq ekanliklaringizda emasmi?"

Well, there's one thing I haven't told you about Benny and Lucas.

Benni va Lukas haqida men sizlarga aytmagan yana bir narsa bor.

Benny had 11 years of Irish Gaelic and five years of German at school.

Benni maktabda 11 yil irlandcha va 5 yil nemis tilini o'rgangan.

He couldn't speak them at all when graduating.

Maktabni tamomlagach, u bu tillarda umuman gapira olmasdi.

Up to the age of 21, he thought he didn't have the language gene

21 yoshgacha u o'zida "til o'rganish geni" yo'q

and he could not speak another language.

va chet tillarida gapira olmayman deb hisoblardi.

Then he started to look for his way of learning languages,

Keyin u til o'rganishda o'zining yo'lini qidira boshladi,

which was speaking to native speakers and getting feedback from them,

turli xil tillarda gapiruvchi insonlar bilan muloqotga kirishishga intildi.

and today Benny can easily have a conversation in 10 languages.

Va bugun Benni 10 xil tilda suhbat qura oladi.

Lucas tried to learn English at school for 10 years.

Lukas maktabda ingliz tilini o'rganishga 10 yil uringan.

He was one of the worst students in class.

U sinfdagi eng yomon o'quvchilardan biri bo'lgan.

His friends even made fun of him

Hatto do'stlari ustidan kulishgan

and gave him a Russian textbook as a joke

va hazil tariqasida unga rus tili darsligini berishgan.

because they thought he would never learn that language, or any language.

Ular u hech qachon bu yoki boshqa tilni o'zlashtirolmaydi deb o'ylashgan.

And then Lucas started to experiment with methods,

Shunda Lukas turli metodlarni tajriba qilib,

looking for his own way to learn,

o'z usulini qidira boshlagan.

for example, by having Skype chat conversations with strangers.

Masalan, Skype orqali notanish insonlar bilan muloqot.

And after just 10 years,

Va oradan 10 yil o'tib

Lucas is able to speak 11 languages fluently.

Lukas 11 ta tilda bemalol gaplasha oladi.

Does that sound like a miracle?

Bu mo'jizadek eshitiladimi?

Well, I see such miracles every single day.

Men har kuni bunday mo'jizalarni guvohi bo'laman.

As a language mentor,

Til o'rganish bo'yicha

I help people learn languages by themselves,

ko'pchilikka mustaqil o'rganishida yordamlashaman,

and I see this every day.

har kun mo'jiza ko'raman.

People struggle with language learning for five, 10, even 20 years,

Odamlar til o'rganishga 5 yil, 10 yoki hattoki, 20 yil harakat qilishadi,

and then they suddenly take their learning into their own hands,

va ular o'rganishni o'z qo'llariga olganlarida,

start using materials which they enjoy, more effective methods,

o'zlariga yoqadigan material va metodlarni qo'llay boshlaganlarida,

or they start tracking their learning

yoki o'z ta'limini kuzatib,

so that they can appreciate their own progress,

o'z rivojlanishiga baho berishni boshlaganlarida,

and that's when suddenly

aynan shu vaqtdan boshlab, go'yoki

they magically find the language talent that they were missing all their lives.

mo'jizadek ko'ringan til o'rganish layoqatini o'zida kuzatishni boshlashadi.

So if you've also tried to learn a language

Shunday ekan, agarda siz ham til o'rganishga

and you gave up, thinking it's too difficult

harakat qilib, keyin bu juda qiyin yoki men

or you don't have the language talent,

qobiliyatsizman deb tashlab qo'ygan bo'lsangiz,

give it another try.

yana bir bor urinib ko'ring.

Maybe you're also just one enjoyable method away

Balki sizga tilni yaxshi o'zlashtirish uchun

from learning that language fluently.

qiziqarli metod yetishmayotgandir.

Maybe you're just one method away from becoming a polyglot.

Balki sizga poliglot bo'lishingiz uchun bor-yo'g'i bitta metod yetishmayotgandir.

Thank you.

Rahmat.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)