Jonathan Klein: Photos that changed the world

104,817 views ・ 2010-04-13

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Sandra Gojic Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:15
In my industry,
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U mom biznisu,
00:17
we believe that images can change the world.
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verujemo da fotografije mogu da promene svet.
00:20
Okay, we're naive, we're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.
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Okej, naivni smo, mi smo bistri i hitri.
00:23
The truth is that we know that the
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Istina je da znamo da
00:25
images themselves don't change the world,
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fotografije same po sebi ne menjaju svet,
00:27
but we're also aware that, since the beginning of photography,
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ali smo takođe svesni, da su od nastanka fotografije,
00:30
images have provoked reactions in people,
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one izazivale reakciju kod ljudi,
00:33
and those reactions have caused change to happen.
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i te reakcije su dovele do promene.
00:36
So let's begin with a group of images.
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Hajde da počnemo sa grupom fotografija.
00:39
I'd be extremely surprised
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Bio bih ekstremno iznenađen
00:41
if you didn't recognize many or most of them.
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kada ne biste prepoznali mnoge ili većinu njih.
00:44
They're best described as iconic:
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One se najbolje opisuju kao legendarne,
00:46
so iconic, perhaps, they're cliches.
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toliko legendarne, da su možda i kliše.
00:49
In fact, they're so well-known
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Ustvari, one su toliko poznate
00:51
that you might even recognize them
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da ćete ih prepoznati
00:53
in a slightly or somewhat different form.
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i u malo drugačijem obliku.
00:57
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
01:00
But I think we're looking for something more.
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Ali ja mislim da tražimo nešto više.
01:02
We're looking for something more.
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Tragamo za nečim više.
01:04
We're looking for images that shine
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Tražimo fotografije koje sjaje
01:06
an uncompromising light on crucial issues,
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beskompromisnim svetlom na ključna pitanja,
01:09
images that transcend borders, that transcend religions,
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fotografije koje prevazilaze granice, nadilaze religije,
01:12
images that provoke us
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fotografije koje nas izazivaju
01:14
to step up and do something --
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da iskoračimo i uradimo nešto,
01:16
in other words, to act.
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drugim rečima, da delamo.
01:18
Well, this image you've all seen.
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Pa, ovu fotografiju ste svi videli.
01:21
It changed our view of the physical world.
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Promenila je naš pogled na fizički svet.
01:23
We had never seen our planet from this perspective before.
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Nikada ranije nismo videli našu planetu iz ove perspektive.
01:26
Many people credit
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Mnogi ljudi smatraju
01:28
a lot of the birth of the environmental movement
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da su mnogi ekološki pokreti nastali
01:30
to our seeing the planet like this
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kada smo videli našu planetu po prvi put
01:32
for the first time --
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na ovaj način,
01:34
its smallness, its fragility.
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njenu sićušnost, njenu krhost.
01:37
Forty years later, this group, more than most,
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40 godina kasnije, ova grupa, više nego ostale,
01:40
are well aware of the destructive power
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vrlo je svesna destruktivne moći
01:42
that our species can wield over our environment.
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koju naša vrsta može da ima nad našom okolinom.
01:45
And at last, we appear to be doing something about it.
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I na kraju, izgleda da radimo nešto po tom pitanju.
01:49
This destructive power takes many different forms.
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Ova destruktivna moć ima različite oblike.
01:52
For example, these images taken by Brent Stirton
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Na primer, ove fotografije koje je napravio Brent Stirton
01:55
in the Congo.
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u Kongu,
01:57
These gorillas were murdered, some would even say crucified,
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ove gorile su ubijene, neki bi čak rekli razapete,
02:00
and unsurprisingly,
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i neiznenađujuće,
02:02
they sparked international outrage.
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izazvale su međunarodni bes.
02:04
Most recently,
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Nedavno nas je
02:06
we've been tragically reminded of the destructive power of nature itself
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sama priroda tragično podsetila na svoju razornu moć
02:09
with the recent earthquake in Haiti.
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sa skorim zemljotresom u Haitiju.
02:12
Well, I think what is far worse
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Mislim da je mnogo gora
02:15
is man's destructive power over man.
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destruktivna moć čoveka nad drugim čovekom.
02:17
Samuel Pisar, an Auschwitz survivor, said,
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Semjuel Pisar, preživeli iz Aušvica je rekao,
02:20
and I'll quote him,
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i citiraću ga,
02:22
"The Holocaust teaches us that nature,
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"Holokaust nas uči da je priroda,
02:24
even in its cruelest moments,
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čak i u svojim najsurovijim trenucima,
02:27
is benign in comparison with man,
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benigna u poređenju sa čovekom,
02:30
when he loses his moral compass and his reason."
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kada izgubi svoj moralni kompas i svoj razum."
02:33
There's another kind of crucifixion.
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Postoji još jedna vrsta raspeća.
02:36
The horrifying images from Abu Ghraib
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Užasavajuće fotografije iz Abu Graiba
02:38
as well as the images from Guantanamo
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kao i fotografije iz Guantanama
02:40
had a profound impact.
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imale su veliki uticaj.
02:42
The publication of those images,
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Objavljivanje tih fotografija,
02:44
as opposed to the images themselves,
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za razliku od samih slika,
02:46
caused a government to change its policies.
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izazvalo je vladu da promeni svoju politiku.
02:49
Some would argue that it is those images
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Neki tvrde da su te fotografije
02:51
that did more to fuel the insurgency in Iraq
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dolile više ulje na vatru kod pobunjenika u Iraku
02:54
than virtually any other single act.
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nego bilo koji drugi pojedinačni čin.
02:56
Furthermore, those images forever removed
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Sem toga, te fotografije su zauvek uklonile
02:59
the so-called moral high ground of the occupying forces.
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takozvanu visoku moralnost okupatora.
03:02
Let's go back a little.
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Hajde da se vratimo malo unazad.
03:04
In the 1960s and 1970s,
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Tokom 1960-ih i 1970-ih,
03:06
the Vietnam War was basically shown
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rat u Vijetnamu se praktično prikazivao
03:08
in America's living rooms day in, day out.
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po ceo dan u američkim dnevnim sobama.
03:10
News photos brought people face to face
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Nove fotografije su suočile ljude
03:13
with the victims of the war: a little girl burned by napalm,
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sa žrtvama rata, mala devojčica gori od napalma,
03:17
a student killed by the National Guard
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student ubijen od strane Nacionalne garde
03:19
at Kent State University in Ohio during a protest.
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na Kent univerzitetu u Ohaju za vreme protesta.
03:22
In fact, these images became
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Ustvari, ove fotografije su postale
03:24
the voices of protest themselves.
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glas protesta same po sebi.
03:26
Now, images have power
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Sada, fotografije imaju snagu
03:28
to shed light of understanding
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da svetlo razumevanja usmere
03:30
on suspicion, ignorance,
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na sumnju, neznanje,
03:32
and in particular -- I've given a lot of talks on this
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a naročito - držao sam dosta govora o ovome
03:34
but I'll just show one image --
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ali pokazaću vam samo jednu fotografiju -
03:37
the issue of HIV/AIDS.
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na pitanja HIVa/SIDE.
03:40
In the 1980s, the stigmatization of people with the disease
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Tokom 1980-ih stigmatizacija ljudi sa ovom bolešću
03:43
was an enormous barrier
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je bila ogromna prepreka
03:45
to even discussing or addressing it.
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za pričanje ili njeno spominjanje.
03:47
A simple act, in 1987, of the most famous woman in the world,
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Jednostavan čin, 1987., najpoznatije žene na svetu,
03:50
the Princess of Wales, touching
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princeze od Velsa, dodirivanje
03:52
an HIV/AIDS infected baby
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bebe zaražene HIV-om,
03:54
did a great deal, especially in Europe, to stop that.
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predstavljalo je veliku stvar, posebno u Evropi, da se sa tim prestane.
03:57
She, better than most, knew the power of an image.
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Ona je, bolje od drugih, znala moć fotografije.
04:01
So when we are confronted by a powerful image,
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Kada smo suočeni sa moćnom fotografijom,
04:03
we all have a choice:
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svi imamo izbor.
04:05
We can look away, or we can address the image.
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Možemo da skrenemo pogled ili možemo da ukažemo na problem.
04:08
Thankfully, when these photos appeared in
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Srećom, kada su se ove fotografije pojavile u
04:10
The Guardian in 1998,
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"Gardijanu" (Guardian) 1998.,
04:12
they put a lot of focus and attention and, in the end, a lot of money
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stavile su fokus i puno pažnje, a na kraju i mnogo novca,
04:15
towards the Sudan famine relief efforts.
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na trud da se smanji glad u Sudanu.
04:17
Did the images change the world?
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Da li su ove fotografije promenile svet?
04:19
No, but they had a major impact.
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Ne, ali su imale veliki uticaj.
04:22
Images often push us to question our core beliefs
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Fotografije nas često teraju da preispitamo svoja bazična uverenja
04:24
and our responsibilities to each other.
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i našu odgovornost jednih prema drugima.
04:27
We all saw those images after Katrina,
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Svi smo videli fotografije nakon Katrine,
04:29
and I think for millions of people
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i mislim da su one imale vrlo snažan uticaj,
04:31
they had a very strong impact.
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na milione ljudi,
04:33
And I think it's very unlikely
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i mislim da je malo verovatno
04:35
that they were far from the minds of Americans
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da su bile daleko od svesti Amerikanaca
04:37
when they went to vote in November 2008.
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kada su išli da glasaju u novembru 2008.
04:41
Unfortunately, some very important images
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Nažalost, neke vrlo važne fotografije
04:44
are deemed too graphic or disturbing for us to see them.
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se smatraju previše eksplicitnim ili uznemiravajućim da bismo ih videli.
04:48
I'll show you one photo here,
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Pokazaću vam jednu fotografiju,
04:50
and it's a photo by Eugene Richards of an Iraq War veteran
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to je fotografija Eugena Ričardsa iračkog ratnog veterana
04:53
from an extraordinary piece of work,
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deo izvanrednog dela,
04:55
which has never been published, called War Is Personal.
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koje nikada nije objavljeno, nazvano "Rat je ličan."
04:58
But images don't need to be graphic
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Ali fotografije ne moraju da budu eksplicitne
05:00
in order to remind us of the tragedy of war.
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da bi nas podsetile na ratnu tragediju.
05:02
John Moore set up this photo at Arlington Cemetery.
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Džon Mur je postavio ovu fotografiju na Arlington groblju.
05:05
After all the tense moments of conflict
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Posle svih napetih trenutaka sukoba,
05:07
in all the conflict zones of the world,
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u svim konfliktnim zonama u svetu,
05:10
there's one photograph from a much quieter place
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postoji jedna fotografija sa mnogo mirnijeg mesta
05:13
that haunts me still, much more than the others.
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koja me još uvek proganja, više nego ostale.
05:17
Ansel Adams said, and I'm going to disagree with him,
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Ansel Adams je rekao, i ne slažem se sa njim,
05:20
"You don't take a photograph, you make it."
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"Vi ne slikate fotografiju, vi je pravite."
05:23
In my view, it's not the photographer who makes the photo,
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Sa moje tačke gledišta, nije fotograf taj koji pravi fotografiju,
05:25
it's you.
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to ste vi.
05:27
We bring to each image
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Mi dodajemo svakoj fotografiji
05:29
our own values, our own belief systems,
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svoje lične vrednosti, naš lični sistem verovanja,
05:31
and as a result of that, the image resonates with us.
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i kao rezultat toga, fotografija se odnosi na nas.
05:34
My company has 70 million images.
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Moja kompanija ima 70 miliona fotografija.
05:36
I have one image in my office.
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Ja imam jednu u mojoj kancelariji.
05:39
Here it is.
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Evo je.
05:41
I hope that the next time you see
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Nadam se da ćete sledeći put kad vidite
05:43
an image that sparks something in you,
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fotografiju koja nešto zrači za vas,
05:45
you'll better understand why,
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bolje razumeti zašto,
05:47
and I know that speaking to this audience,
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i znam da, govoreći ovoj publici,
05:50
you'll definitely do something about it.
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da ćete definitivno uraditi nešto povodom toga.
05:52
And thank you to all the photographers.
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I hvala svim fotografima.
05:54
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
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