Jonathan Klein: Photos that changed the world

翻译人员: Yvonne Fu 校对人员: Nicole LUO

In my industry,

干我们这行的人，

we believe that images can change the world.

都相信图片是可以改变世界的。

Okay, we're naive, we're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.

好吧，我们是很天真，我们又明亮的双眼和毛绒绒的尾巴。

The truth is that we know that the

实际上，我们都知道，

images themselves don't change the world,

图片本身不会改变世界。

but we're also aware that, since the beginning of photography,

但我们也清楚，摄影业刚发展起来的时候，

images have provoked reactions in people,

图片就已经在人群中激起了波澜。

and those reactions have caused change to happen.

而那些波澜就造成了变革。

So let's begin with a group of images.

大家先看一组图片吧。

I'd be extremely surprised

如果你们没认出它们中的大部分，

if you didn't recognize many or most of them.

我会很吃惊的。

They're best described as iconic:

这些都是被称作“具有代表性”的图片。

so iconic, perhaps, they're cliches.

太有代表性了，可能算陈词滥调了。

In fact, they're so well-known

实际上，它们非常有名。

that you might even recognize them

估计你都能

in a slightly or somewhat different form.

认出他们的另一种形式。

(Laughter)

（笑）

But I think we're looking for something more.

我觉得我们要的不止这些。

We're looking for something more.

我们需要更多。

We're looking for images that shine

我们需要那些

an uncompromising light on crucial issues,

在关键问题上决不妥协的图片，

images that transcend borders, that transcend religions,

那些超越国界，超越宗教的图片，

images that provoke us

那些

to step up and do something --

让我们勇敢站出来做些什么的图片。

in other words, to act.

也就是，去改变。

Well, this image you've all seen.

这幅图，你们都见过。

It changed our view of the physical world.

它改变了我们对物质世界的认知。

We had never seen our planet from this perspective before.

我们从没在这个角度看我们的星球。

Many people credit

很多人都把环保运动的开始，

a lot of the birth of the environmental movement

归功于人们

to our seeing the planet like this

第一次见到

for the first time --

这样的地球，

its smallness, its fragility.

它那么小，那么脆弱。

Forty years later, this group, more than most,

四十年后，这些环保团体，

are well aware of the destructive power

逐渐意识到我们这个物种

that our species can wield over our environment.

对环境的毁灭性破坏力。

And at last, we appear to be doing something about it.

后来，我们开始对此采取行动。

This destructive power takes many different forms.

这些毁灭性破坏力表现在不同方面。

For example, these images taken by Brent Stirton

比方说布伦特·斯蒂尔顿(Brent Stirton)

in the Congo.

在刚果拍摄的这些照片，

These gorillas were murdered, some would even say crucified,

这些大猩猩被人宰杀，可能你还会说它们被钉在十字架上。

and unsurprisingly,

毫无疑问，

they sparked international outrage.

这些照片在国际上引起了强烈反响。

Most recently,

最近，

we've been tragically reminded of the destructive power of nature itself

海地的地震，

with the recent earthquake in Haiti.

让我们认识到了大自然本身的破坏力。

Well, I think what is far worse

我觉得人类的自相残杀

is man's destructive power over man.

比上面说的那些可怕的多。

Samuel Pisar, an Auschwitz survivor, said,

萨缪尔·皮萨(Samuel Pisar)，一个奥斯威辛集中营的幸存者

and I'll quote him,

曾经说过（我在这里引用他的话），

"The Holocaust teaches us that nature,

（纳粹对犹太人的）屠杀告诉我们，

even in its cruelest moments,

自然，即使是它最残忍的时候，

is benign in comparison with man,

和一个失去理智和道德准则的人比起来，

when he loses his moral compass and his reason."

还是要仁慈的多。

There's another kind of crucifixion.

人类还有其他的暴行。

The horrifying images from Abu Ghraib

美军虐囚的骇人图片，

as well as the images from Guantanamo

还有这些关塔那摩的图片，

had a profound impact.

都产生了深远影响。

The publication of those images,

相较于这些照片本身，

as opposed to the images themselves,

它们的公开，

caused a government to change its policies.

才是让政府改变政策的原因。

Some would argue that it is those images

有些人认为，是这些照片

that did more to fuel the insurgency in Iraq

导致伊拉克的暴动进一步升级，

than virtually any other single act.

它们比其他任何行动更有影响力。

Furthermore, those images forever removed

而且，这些照片永久性地摧毁了

the so-called moral high ground of the occupying forces.

驻伊美军的所谓道德高地。

Let's go back a little.

让我们回顾历史。

In the 1960s and 1970s,

上世纪六七十年代，

the Vietnam War was basically shown

越战的画面，

in America's living rooms day in, day out.

在电视上反复播放。

News photos brought people face to face

新闻图片让人们

with the victims of the war: a little girl burned by napalm,

直面战争的受害者，被汽油弹烧伤的小女孩，

a student killed by the National Guard

一个在俄亥俄州的肯特州立大学参与抗议活动

at Kent State University in Ohio during a protest.

被镇压部队打死的学生。

In fact, these images became

实际上，这些照片

the voices of protest themselves.

成为了最有力的抗议声音。

Now, images have power

现在，照片有了

to shed light of understanding

让怀疑与无知

on suspicion, ignorance,

重见光明的力量。

and in particular -- I've given a lot of talks on this

尤其是关于艾滋病的议题

but I'll just show one image --

——我做过很多这方面的演讲，

the issue of HIV/AIDS.

这次就只给大家看一张照片——

In the 1980s, the stigmatization of people with the disease

上世纪八十年代，对这种疾病的各种流言蜚语

was an enormous barrier

让多数人

to even discussing or addressing it.

都不愿意讨论或提起它。

A simple act, in 1987, of the most famous woman in the world,

1987年，世界上最著名的一个女人，作了一件简单的事情，

the Princess of Wales, touching

戴安娜王妃，

an HIV/AIDS infected baby

抚摸了一个受艾滋病毒感染的婴儿。

did a great deal, especially in Europe, to stop that.

这个举动消除了民众对艾滋病的误解，尤其在欧洲。

She, better than most, knew the power of an image.

她比多数人更清楚图片的力量。

So when we are confronted by a powerful image,

当我们面对一张有影响力的照片时，

we all have a choice:

我们都可以选择。

We can look away, or we can address the image.

我们可以看向别处，或者，我们可以让它为更多人所知。

Thankfully, when these photos appeared in

值得庆幸地是，

The Guardian in 1998,

当这些图片于1998年出现在英国《卫报》的时候，

they put a lot of focus and attention and, in the end, a lot of money

人们开始关注它，最后为苏丹饥荒的灾民，

towards the Sudan famine relief efforts.

捐了很多钱。

Did the images change the world?

图片改变了世界吗？

No, but they had a major impact.

不，但他们产生了深远影响。

Images often push us to question our core beliefs

图片常常让我们质疑自己的信念

and our responsibilities to each other.

还有我们对彼此的责任。

We all saw those images after Katrina,

我们都看过卡特里纳飓风的图片，

and I think for millions of people

我想这些图片对几百万人，

they had a very strong impact.

都产生了极大影响。

And I think it's very unlikely

在2008大选的时候，

that they were far from the minds of Americans

让美国人不去想那些照片

when they went to vote in November 2008.

是几乎不可能的。

Unfortunately, some very important images

很遗憾的是，一些很重要的相片

are deemed too graphic or disturbing for us to see them.

因为太“真实”而不能公开。

I'll show you one photo here,

这里有一张。

and it's a photo by Eugene Richards of an Iraq War veteran

这是尤金·理查兹(Eugene Richards)

from an extraordinary piece of work,

为一位伊战退伍老兵拍的。

which has never been published, called War Is Personal.

这个非同寻常的作品从来没有发表，它叫做“战争是每个人的”。

But images don't need to be graphic

让我们想起战争残酷性的照片，

in order to remind us of the tragedy of war.

不一定都要如此“真实”。

John Moore set up this photo at Arlington Cemetery.

约翰·摩尔(John Moore)在亚灵顿公墓拍了这张照片。

After all the tense moments of conflict

在世界上那么多冲突地区

in all the conflict zones of the world,

发生了那么多紧张的冲突，暴动之后

there's one photograph from a much quieter place

这张来自世界上最安静角落的图片，

that haunts me still, much more than the others.

才是让我感到最不安的。

Ansel Adams said, and I'm going to disagree with him,

安塞尔·亚当斯(Ansel Adams)说（但我不同意他的看法），

"You don't take a photograph, you make it."

“人们从不拍照片，他们创作。”

In my view, it's not the photographer who makes the photo,

在我看来，创作的不是摄影师，

it's you.

而是你们。

We bring to each image

我们把赋予每一张照片，

our own values, our own belief systems,

我们自己的价值观，自己的信念，

and as a result of that, the image resonates with us.

这样，我们和图片产生了共鸣。

My company has 70 million images.

我的公司拥有七千万照片，

I have one image in my office.

我的办公室有一张。

Here it is.

就是它。

I hope that the next time you see

我希望下次你们看到一张

an image that sparks something in you,

让你们产生灵感火花的照片时，

you'll better understand why,

最好想想为什么。

and I know that speaking to this audience,

我很清楚，我面前的这些听众，

you'll definitely do something about it.

你们肯定都会做些什么的。

And thank you to all the photographers.

感谢所有的摄影师。

(Applause)

（掌声）