Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids

Prevodilac: Djuro Vorkapic Lektor: Mateja Nenadovic

I want to talk to you about something

Hteo bih da vam pričam o nečemu

kind of big.

prilično važnom.

We'll start here.

Počnimo odavde.

Sixty-five million years ago --

Pre 65 miliona godina

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

the dinosaurs had a bad day.

dinosaurusi su imali loš dan.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

A chunk of rock six miles across,

Kamenčina prečnika deset kilometara

moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet,

koja se kretala oko 50 puta brže od brzine metka,

slammed into the Earth.

tresnula je u Zemlju.

It released its energy all at once,

U jedom trenutku je oslobodila svu svoju energiju,

and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing.

bila je to neverovatna eksplozija.

If you took every nuclear weapon ever built

Ako uzmete kompletno nuklearno naoružanje napravljeno

at the height of the Cold War,

na vrhuncu Hladnog rata,

lumped them together,

sakupljeno zajedno i aktivirano u istom trenutku,

and blew them up at the same time,

that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment.

to bi bio jedan milioniti deo

energije koja je tada bila oslobođena.

The dinosaurs had a really bad day.

Bio je to izuzetno loš dan za dinosauruse.

OK?

Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.

Deset kilometara širok kamen je veoma veliki.

We all live here in Boulder.

Svi mi živimo ovde u Bolderu.

If you look out your window and see Longs Peak --

Ukoliko pogledate kroz prozor videćete

planinu Longs Pik, verovatno je prepoznajete.

you're probably familiar with it --

now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space.

Sad, iskopajmo Longs Pik i izdvojmo je u kosmos.

Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker.

Uzmimo Miker, planinu Miker.

Lump that in there, and put that in space as well.

Dodajmo je tamo i stavimo i nju u kosmos,

And Mt. Everest. And K2.

i Mont Everest, i K2,

And the Indian peaks.

I indijske vrhove.

Sada tek počinjete da dobijate predstavu

Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK?

o koliko kamenja pričamo, razumete?

We know it was that big

Znamo da je bio toliko veliki

because of the impact it had and the crater it left.

zbog siline udara i kratera koji je ostavio.

It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico.

Udario je u ono što mi poznajemo kao Jukatan,

u Meksičkom zalivu.

You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula,

Ovde možete videti, tamo je poluostrvo Jukatan,

if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there.

ukoliko prepoznajete Konzumel tamo pored istočne obale.

Here is how big of a crater was left.

Ovoliko je bio veliki krater.

It was huge.

Bio je ogroman.

To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go.

Da biste dobili osećaj veličine, u redu,

The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom.

osamdeset kilometara na vrhu, stotinu kilometara pri dnu.

This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --

Ovo je bilo 300 kilometara u prečniku - 200 milja -

an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth

neverovatan krater koji je izbacio ogromnu količinu zemlje

that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet,

koja se rasprskala unaokolo planete,

a zatim zapalio požare po celoj planeti,

threw up enough dust to block out the sun.

izbacio dovoljno prašine da zamrači Sunce.

It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth.

Uništio je 75 procenata svih vrsta na Zemlji.

Now, not all asteroids are that big.

Ali nisu svi asteroidi toliko veliki.

Some of them are smaller.

Neki su manji.

Here is one that came in

Ovo je jedan koji je prošao

over the United States in October of 1992.

preko Sjedinjenih Država

oktobra 1992.

It came in on a Friday night.

Pojavio se jednog petka uveče.

Why is that important?

Zašto je to važno?

Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular,

Zato što su tada video kamere

tek postajale popularne

and parents would bring them to their kids' football games

i ljudi bi ih poneli, roditelji bi ih poneli,

na utakmice svoje dece da bi ih snimili dok igraju fudbal.

to film their kids playing football.

And since this came in on a Friday,

I budući da se pojavio u petak,

they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up

bili su u prilici da snime

kako se razlamao dok je preletao

as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey

preko zapadne Virdžinije, Merilenda, Pensilvanije

until it did that

i Nju Džersija sve dok nije ovo učinio

to a car in New York.

automobilu u Njujorku.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,

Svakako, ovo nije 320 kilometara širok krater,

but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here,

ali ipak možete videti kamen

koji stoji pored,

otprilike veličine fudbalske lopte,

about the size of a football,

that hit that car and did that damage.

koji je pogodio onaj automobil i pričinio štetu.

Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus

Ovo je verovatno bilo veličine

školskog autobusa kada se pojavilo.

when it first came in.

It broke up through atmospheric pressure,

Razlomilo se usled atmosferskog pritiska,

it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart

razmrvilo i raspalo na komadiće i učinilo neku štetu.

and did some damage.

Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head,

Svakako, ne biste voleli da vam je pao na nogu

ili glavu, jer bi vas ozbiljno povredilo.

because it would do that to it.

That would be bad.

A, to bi bilo loše.

But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.

Na sreću ne bi uništilo celokupni život na Zemlji,

tako da je u redu.

But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across

Ali ipak, nije potrebno nešto prečnika deset kilometara

to do a lot of damage.

da bi učinilo mnogo štete.

There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock,

Postoji srednja veličina, između kamenčića

i ogromnih stena,

and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,

i zapravo, ako je neko od vas ikada posetio Vinslou u Arizoni,

there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic

tamo je krater u pustinji koji je toliko poznat

that it is actually called "Meteor Crater."

da je nazvan Meteor krater.

To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.

Da biste dobili osećaj veličine, on je širok oko jedan ipo kilometar.

If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,

Ukoliko pogledate na vrh, tamo je parking,

and those are recreational vehicles right there.

a ono tamo su kamp-vozila.

So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.

Znači da je oko kilometar ipo širok, a 180 metara dubok.

The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across,

Objekat koji ga je stvorio je verovatno bio prečnika 27 do 45 metara,

so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here.

grubo veličine ovog "Meki" auditorijuma.

It came in at speeds that were tremendous,

Došao je neverovatnom brzinom,

tresnuo u površinu, razleteo se

slammed into the ground, blew up,

and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --

i eksplodirao energijom otprilike nuklearne bombe od 20 megatona -

a very hefty bomb.

veoma moćna bomba.

This was 50,000 years ago,

Ovo se desilo pre 50.000 godina,

so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,

tako da je verovatno ubilo nekoliko bufala ili antilopa

or something like that out in the desert,

ili nečeg sličnog tamo u pustinji,

but it probably would not have caused global devastation.

ali verovatno nije uzrokovao globalnu pustoš.

Ispostavilo se da oni ne moraju da udare u zemlju

It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground

to do a lot of damage.

da bi učinili mnogo štete.

Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region --

1908. iznad Sibira, u blizini regiona Tunguska -

for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"

za vas koji ste obožavaoci Dena Akrojda i gledali "Ghoustbusterse"

when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift

kada je pričao o najvećem među-dimenzionalnom prolazu

since the Siberia blast of 1909,

od eksplozije u Sibiru 1909, rekao je pogrešan datum, ali nema veze.

where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.

(Laughter)

It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.

Bilo je to 1908. Nije bitno. Izdrzaću.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere

Drugi kamen je došao u Zemljinu atmosferu,

and this one blew up above the ground,

i ovaj je eksplodirao iznad površine,

several miles up above the surface of the Earth.

nekoliko kilometara iznad Zemljinog tla.

The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it,

Vrelina eksplozije je zapalila šumu ispod

and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees

i razvila talas koji je oborio drveće

na površini od nekoliko stotina kvadratnih kilometara, razumete?

for hundreds of square miles.

This did a huge amount of damage.

Ovo je učinilo ogromnu štetu.

And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size

Ponovo, ovo je bio kamen otprilike

veličine ovog auditorijuma u kome sedimo.

of this auditorium that we're sitting in.

In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal,

Meteor je bio sačinjen od metala,

and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground.

metal je mnogo tvrđi, tako da je uspeo da stigne do zemlje.

The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock,

Onaj iznad Tunguske je verovatno bio sačinjen od kamena,

and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.

a on se mnogo lakše mrvi, tako da se razleteo u vazduhu.

Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons.

Bilo kako, ovo su ogromne eksplozije, 20 megatona.

Now, when these things blow up,

Kada eksplodiraju,

they're not going to do global ecological damage.

oni neće napraviti globalnu ekološku katastrofu.

They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did.

Oni neće učiniti ništa slično uništenju dinosaurusa.

Oni jednostavno nisu dovoljno krupni.

They're just not big enough.

But they will do global economic damage,

Ali, učinice globalnu, ekonomsku štetu,

because they don't have to hit, necessarily,

zato što nije neophodno da nas udare

to do this kind of damage.

kako bi pričinili ovakvu štetu.

They don't have to do global devastation.

Ne moraju da učine globalno uništenje.

If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere,

Ukoliko neki od njih igde udari, proizveo bi paniku.

it would cause a panic.

But if it came over a city, an important city --

Ali, ako bi prešao iznad grada, važnog grada -

not that any city is more important than others,

nije da su neki gradovi važniji od drugih,

but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis --

ali od nekih zavisimo više od drugih

na globalnoj, ekonomskoj skali -

that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization.

to bi nam moglo pričiniti ogromnu štetu,

nama kao civilizaciji.

So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --

Dakle, sada kada sam vas uplašio...

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

what can we do about this?

šta bismo mogli učiniti?

This is a potential threat.

Ovo je potencijalna pretnja.

Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer

Primetićete da nismo imali katastrofalan udar

kao onaj koji je uništio dinosauruse u poslednjih 65 miliona godina.

for 65 million years.

They're very rare.

Oni su veoma retki.

The smaller ones happen more often,

Manji se događaju mnogo češće,

but probably on the order of a millennium,

ali na milenijumskoj skali,

every few centuries or every few thousand years.

verovatno svakih nekoliko vekova ili nekoliko hiljada godina,

But it's still something to be aware of.

ali ipak je to nešto čega moramo biti svesni.

Well, what do we do about them?

Šta možemo da učinimo?

The first thing we have to do is find them.

Prvo moramo da ih pronađemo.

This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009.

Ovo je slika asteroida koji nas je prošao 2009.

It's right here.

Evo ga ovde.

But you can see that it's extremely faint.

Možete primetiti da je poprilično nejasno.

I don't know if you can see that in the back row.

Ne znam da li možete videti iz poslednjeg reda.

These are just stars.

Ovo su samo zvezde.

This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,

Ovo je kamen koji je bio oko 28 metara u prečniku

so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska

znači otprilike, veličine onoga koji se razleteo iznad Tunguske

and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.

i onoga koji je pogodio Arizonu pre 50.000 godina.

These things are faint.

Oni su nejasni.

They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.

Teško se vide, a nebo je zaista ogromno.

We have to find these things first.

Mi moramo brzo da ih uočimo.

Well, the good news is, we're looking for them.

Dobra vest je da ih tražimo.

NASA has devoted money to this;

NASA je namenila novac za ovo.

the National Science Foundation and other countries

Nacionalna naučna fondacija i druge zemlje su veoma zainteresovane za ovo.

are interested in doing this.

We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.

Gradimo teleskope koji će tražiti ovu pretnju.

That's a great first step. But what's the second step?

To je odličan prvi korak, ali šta je drugi korak?

The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it.

Drugi korak je da primetimo onaj koji ide prema nama,

moramo ga zaustaviti.

What do we do?

Šta da uradimo?

You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis.

Verovatno ste čuli za asteroid Apofiz.

Ukoliko niste, čućete.

If you haven't yet, you will.

If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse,

Ako ste čuli za kalendar Maja i apokalipsu 2012, čućete i za Apofiz,

you're going to hear about Apophis,

because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.

zato što su vezani za teoriju o sudnjem danu.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.

Apofiz je asteroid koji je otkriven 2004.

It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big --

Otprilike je 230 metara u prečniku,

znači da je prilično krupan, razumete,

bigger than a football stadium.

veći od fudbalskog stadiona -

And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029.

i proći će pored Zemlje u aprilu 2029.

And it's going to pass us so close

Proći će pored nas toliko blizu da će ustvari proći ispod

that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites.

naših meteoroloških satelita.

The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much

Zemljina gravitacija će zakriviti njegovu putanju toliko,

that if it's just right,

da je moguće da, ukoliko prođe ovaj region u svemiru,

if it passes through this region of space,

this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole,

ovaj region u obliku pasulja poznat kao ključaonica,

the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later,

Zemljina gravitacija će ga zakriviti sasvim dovoljno

da sedam godina kasnije, 13. aprila, a to je petak, primetiću,

on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --

godine 2036 -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

you can't plan that kind of stuff --

tako nešto ne možete planirati -

(Laughter)

da će nas Apofiz pogoditi.

Apophis is going to hit us.

And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage.

On je prečnika 250 metara,

znači učinio bi nevrovatnu štetu.

The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole

Dobra vest je da verovatnoća da će proći kroz ključaonicu

i pogoditi nas sledeći put kada naiđe, je jedan od milion, otprilike,

and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly --

very, very low odds.

veoma, veoma slaba,

tako da ja lično nisam budan noćima zbog brige o ovome.

So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.

Ja mislim da Apofiz nije problem.

I don't think Apophis is a problem.

U stvari, Apofiz je prikriveni blagoslov,

In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,

because it woke us up to the dangers of these things.

zato što nas je upozorio na opasnosti od asteroida.

This thing was discovered just a few years ago

Ovaj je otkriven pre svega nekoliko godina

and could hit us a few years from now.

i mogao bi nas pogoditi u narednih nekoliko godina.

It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.

Neće, ali nam daje šansu da proučimo ovakve asteroide.

We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do,

Uistinu mi nismo razumeli ove ključaonice,

ali sada ih razumemo, a to je veoma važno,

and it turns out that's really important,

because how do you stop an asteroid like this?

jer kako da zaustavimo ovakve asteroide?

Well, let me ask you:

I da vas pitam,

What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you?

šta radite ako stojite na putu

i automobil ide prema vama? Šta radite?

What do you do?

Ovo.

You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you.

Je li tako? I automobil prođe pored vas.

But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily,

Ali ne možemo pomeriti Zemlju, barem ne jednostavno,

ali možemo pomeriti mali asteroid.

but we can move a small asteroid.

And it turns out, we've even done it.

U stvari, to smo već radili.

Godine 2005, NASA je lansirala sondu nazvanu "Deep Impact",

In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact,

koja se sudarila i zarila jedan svoj deo u središte komete.

which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.

Comets are very much like asteroids.

Komete su prilično slične asteroidima.

The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way;

Svrha nije bila da se ona skrene sa putanje.

the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material

Svrha je bila napraviti krater i izdvojiti materijal

and see what was underneath the surface of this comet,

i videti šta je ispod površine ove komete,

which we learned quite a bit about.

o čemu smo naučili mnogo.

We did move the comet a little tiny bit --

Malo smo pomerili kometu ne mnogo, ali to i nije bio cilj.

not very much, but that wasn't the point.

However, think about this:

Međutim, razmislite o ovome.

This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second.

Ona kruži oko Sunca brzinom 15 ili 20 kilometara u sekundi.

We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK?

Lansirali smo sondu i pogodili je.

Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.

Zamislite koliko je to teško, ali smo uspeli.

That means we can do it again.

To znači da možemo to učiniti ponovo.

If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us,

Ukoliko primetimo asteroid koji dolazi prema nama,

i ide pravo na nas,

and we have two years to go?

i imamo samo dve godine,

Boom! We hit it.

tras, pogodak.

You know, if you watch the movies --

Možete pomisliti - ukoliko gledate filmove,

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

you might think:

možete pomisliti, zašto ne upotrebimo nuklearno oružje?

Why don't we use a nuclear weapon?

Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.

Pa, možemo to pokušati, ali problem je u vremenu.

Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,

Ako ispalimo nuklearno oružje na ovu stvar,

you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance,

moramo ga aktivirati u nekoliko milisekundi tolerancije

or else you'll miss it.

ili ćemo je promašiti.

And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do.

A ima tu i mnogo drugih problema sa tim.

To je jako teško uraditi.

Ali samo pogoditi nešto? To je veoma lako.

But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.

Verujem da čak i NASA to može, dokazali su da mogu.

I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

Problem je, šta ako pogodimo ovaj asteroid,

The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,

promenimo mu putanju,

you measure the orbit,

premerimo orbitu i otkrijemo,

then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,

uh, da, upravo smo ga gurnuli kroz ključaonicu

and now it's going to hit us in three years.

i sada će nas pogoditi za tri godine.

Well, my opinion is: fine!

Pa, po mom mišljenju, to je u redu, OK?

It's not hitting us in six months --

Neće nas pogoditi kroz šest meseci.

that's good.

I to je dobro.

Now we have three years to do something else.

Sada imamo tri godine da smislimo nešto.

And you can hit it again.

Možemo ga još jednom pogoditi.

That's kind of ham-fisted;

To je pomalo lutrija.

you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever,

Možemo ga gurnuti u treću ključaonicu ili slično, pa to nećemo uraditi.

so you don't do that.

A ovo je deo, deo koji ja prosto volim.

And this is the part --

it's the part I just love.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face,"

Nakon velikog mačo, "Grrrrrr TRAS!

Udarićemo ga posred lica",

then we bring in the velvet gloves.

ipak ćemo doneti plišane rukavice.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts,

Postoji grupa naučnika i inženjera i astronauta

koji sebe nazivaju Fondacija B612

and they call themselves The B612 Foundation.

For those of you who've read "The Little Prince,"

Vi koji ste pročitali "Malog princa", razumećete, nadam se.

you understand that reference, I hope --

Mali princ je živeo na asteroidu koji se zvao B612.

the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612.

Ovo su pametni ljudi - muškarci i žene -

These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers.

astronauti, kao što rekoh, inženjeri.

Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this.

Rasti Šveikart, koji je bio astronaut na Apolu 9, i on je ovde.

Dan Durda, my friend who made this image,

Den Darda, moj prijatelj koji je napravio ovu sliku, radi ovde,

works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street.

u Jugozapadnom istraživačkom centru u Bulderu, u Ulici Volnat.

He created this image for this.

On je napravio ovu sliku za ovo

i on je zapravo jedan od astronoma koji radi za njih.

He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them.

If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth

Ukoliko vidimo asteroid koji će pogoditi Zemlju

and we have enough time,

i ukoliko imamo dovoljno vremena,

we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.

možemo ga pogoditi i pomeriti u bolju orbitu.

But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.

I onda ćemo lansirati sondu koja je teška tonu ili dve.

It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big --

Ne mora da bude ogromna - par tona, ne prevelika -

and you park it near the asteroid.

i parkiraćemo je u blizini asteroida.

Nećemo sleteti na njega, jer oni se prevrću i obrću.

You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end.

Veoma je teško sleteti na njih.

It's very hard to land on them.

Instead you get near it.

Umesto toga samo ćemo im prići blizu.

Gravitacija asteroida će povući sondu,

The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,

a sonda ima masu od par tona.

and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.

Ima veoma slabu gravitaciju,

It has a little tiny bit of gravity,

but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid,

ali i to je dovoljno da povuče asteroid,

and you have your rocket set up --

a imamo i pripremljene rakete,

you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes --

tako da - ah, ovde možete jedva videti, ali ovde su raketni otvori -

and these guys are connected by their own gravity,

i u osnovi, oni su povezani sa njihovom gravitacijom,

and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently,

i ukoliko pomerimo sondu veoma polako,

veoma, veoma nežno,

you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.

možemo veoma lako pomeriti kamen u sigurnu orbitu.

Možemo ga čak i postaviti u Zemljinu orbitu

You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it,

gde ga možemo iskopavati, ali to je potpuno nova tema.

although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

Ali, obogatili bismo se!

But we'd be rich!

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So think about this, right?

Mislite o tome, razumete?

Ovo džinovsko kamenje leti tamo,

There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us,

i udara u nas, i čini nam štetu,

and they're doing damage to us.

But we've figured out how to do this,

ali mi smo naučili kako da uradimo ovo,

and all the pieces are in place to do this.

a i posedujemo sve potrebno da bismo to izveli.

We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them.

Imamo astronome raspoređene sa teleskopima koji ih traže.

We have very, very smart people,

Imamo pametne ljude,

veoma, veoma pametne ljude,

who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem,

koji su zabrinuti za ovo i pokušavaju da reše problem,

and we have the technology to do this.

a imamo tehnologiju da to uradimo.

This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.

Zapravo, ova sonda ne može da koristi hemijske rakete.

Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push.

One proizvode prejak potisak, previše snage.

The probe would just shoot away.

Sonda bi jednostavno nekontrolisano odletela.

We invented something called an ion drive,

Izumeli smo nešto nazvano jonski pogon,

which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.

a to je motor sa veoma, veoma slabim potiskom.

It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand --

Stvara silu kao parče papira na vašoj ruci, izuzetno slabu,

incredibly light, but it can run for months and years,

ali može da radi mesecima i godinama,

providing that very gentle push.

stvarajući veoma nežan potisak.

If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"

Ako je neko ovde ljubitelj originala "Zvezdanih staza",

they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive,

oni su naišli na vanzemaljski brod koji je imao jonski pogon,

and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated.

a Spok je rekao, "Oni su veoma tehnički usavršeni.

They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."

Sa ovim pogonom, oni su stotine godina ispred nas."

Da, mi sada imamo jonski pogon.

Yeah, we have an ion drive now.

We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.

Nemamo Enterprajz, ali za sada imamo jon pogon.

(Laughter)

(Aplauz)

(Applause)

Spock.

Spok.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So ...

Dakle...

to je razlika, to je razlika između nas i dinosaurusa.

That's the difference --

that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs.

This happened to them.

Njima se ovo dogodilo.

It doesn't have to happen to us.

Ali ne mora da se dogodi nama.

The difference between the dinosaurs and us

Razlika između dinosaurusa i nas

is that we have a space program

je da mi imamo svemirski program

i mi možemo da glasamo,

and we can vote,

and so we can change our future.

i možemo da promenimo našu budućnost.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

We have the ability to change our future.

Mi imamo sposobnost da promenimo budućnost.

Sixty-five million years from now,

Kroz 65 miliona godina

we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum.

naše kosti ne moraju da skupljaju prašinu u muzeju.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)