Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids

譯者: zhang haohan 審譯者: Ana Choi

I want to talk to you about something

我想和你們談談一件

kind of big.

稱得上大的事情。

We'll start here.

我們從這裡開始吧。

Sixty-five million years ago --

六千五百萬年前

(Laughter)

the dinosaurs had a bad day.

恐龍群過了相當糟糕的一天。

(Laughter)

（笑）

A chunk of rock six miles across,

一塊六英里的巨石,

moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet,

以比子彈還快

50倍的速度

slammed into the Earth.

撞向了地球。

It released its energy all at once,

它立刻就釋放了巨大的能量,

and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing.

那次爆炸真的可謂

是無法想像。

If you took every nuclear weapon ever built

假如你把冷戰期間

所製造的所有核武器

at the height of the Cold War,

lumped them together,

綁在一起

and blew them up at the same time,

同時起爆,

that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment.

所釋放的能量

只有那時的一百萬分之一。

The dinosaurs had a really bad day.

恐龍真的是很倒楣啊。

OK?

明白麼?

Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.

一個半徑六千米的巨石是相當大。

We all live here in Boulder.

現在我們正居住在博爾德。

If you look out your window and see Longs Peak --

假如你往窗外看,

you're probably familiar with it --

你會看到你應該很熟悉的郎二峰。

now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space.

好, 現在把它挖出來

Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker.

丟到宇宙去。

好,順便帶上米克峰, 把它們綁在一起

Lump that in there, and put that in space as well.

也丟到宇宙去,

And Mt. Everest. And K2.

再加上珠峰 和 k2,

還有印第安峰。

And the Indian peaks.

現在你就肯定在想

Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK?

這石頭到底有多大啊?

We know it was that big

我們根據它留下來的彈坑

because of the impact it had and the crater it left.

和所造成的衝擊斷定它十分巨大。

It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico.

它在我們現在稱為尤卡坦半島

墨西哥灣的地方撞上了地球。

You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula,

你可以看到這就是

尤卡坦半島, 假如你知道可租米爾島

if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there.

的話, 它就在離里東海岸不遠處。

Here is how big of a crater was left.

這就是當時留下的隕石坑。

It was huge.

To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go.

十分的巨大。給你幾個具體的數據,

這裡的比例尺是

The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom.

一格等於50英里, 兩個

100英里。那傢伙就有

This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --

300千米寬-- 即是200英里--

an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth

一個巨大的坑

把地球上一大塊土地砸了出來,

that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet,

然後散開到全球, 並引起遍及世界範圍的火災,

threw up enough dust to block out the sun.

掀起的塵埃足以遮蓋天日。

It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth.

還順帶毀滅了

地球上四分之三的物種。

Now, not all asteroids are that big.

但是, 並不是所有的天體都那麼大。

Some of them are smaller.

有些會小很多。

Here is one that came in

我們這裡就會說道一個

over the United States in October of 1992.

在1992年10月

抵達美國的這個小傢伙。

It came in on a Friday night.

它在星期五下午入境。

Why is that important?

但是爲什麽這是很重要呢?

Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular,

因為當時攝影機

剛剛流行, 人們會隨身帶著它,

and parents would bring them to their kids' football games

家長也會帶著它,

爲了拍下他們的孩子在參加的

to film their kids playing football.

足球比賽。那恰好隕石是在星期五到來,

And since this came in on a Friday,

they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up

家長們就如此能把

它是如何一遍粉碎一遍抵達美國的情形拍下來,

as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey

途徑西佛吉尼亞州, 馬里蘭州, 賓夕法尼亞州

和新澤西州, 最終這樣

until it did that

to a car in New York.

跌在紐約的一輛汽車上。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,

這不是一個200英里寬的坑,

but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here,

但是你是可以在圖片的右邊

看到那隕石

about the size of a football,

有足球那般大的跌下,

that hit that car and did that damage.

造成導致那車的損壞。

Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus

那傢伙在剛進入地球時

when it first came in.

估計有一輛校車那麼大。

It broke up through atmospheric pressure,

在大氣的摩擦下它才

it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart

分解破散成小碎塊

and did some damage.

然後造成一些毀壞。

Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head,

同時, 你肯定也不會希望它打到你的腳

或你的頭, 因為這是可能的。

because it would do that to it.

That would be bad.

那將會很糟糕。

But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.

但它顯然不能毀掉地球上所有生命,

所以這還好。但是它同時警戒了我們,

But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across

我們並不需要6英里寬的石頭

to do a lot of damage.

就可以造成破壞。

There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock,

在小隕石和大隕石件有一個

中間值的傢伙,

and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,

假如你們當中有人去過亞利桑那州溫士盧,

there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic

在那的沙漠裏面有一個隕石坑

非常具有代表性, 以至可稱為流星坑。

that it is actually called "Meteor Crater."

To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.

給點具體數據, 那坑應該有一英里寬。

If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,

假如從上往下看應該就是個停車場,

and those are recreational vehicles right there.

在那邊停的就是幾輛旅遊車。

So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.

一英里寬, 六百英尺深。

The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across,

造成這個坑的小行星估計有

30到50碼寬,

so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here.

大概就和麥基會堂差不多。

It came in at speeds that were tremendous,

它以極大的速度

slammed into the ground, blew up,

砸向地面, 並且爆炸,

and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --

威力大概和

2000萬頓氫彈差不多--

a very hefty bomb.

重量級的大炸彈。

This was 50,000 years ago,

那應該是在50000年前發生,

so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,

當時可能毀滅了數隻水牛或羚羊,

or something like that out in the desert,

或沙漠內這一類的的物種,

but it probably would not have caused global devastation.

但是它肯定是沒有

造成世界性的破壞。

It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground

事實證明了小行星並不一定要

撞上了地球才會帶來很多災難。

to do a lot of damage.

Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region --

在1908年, 近西伯利亞

通古斯地區--你們當中有些人可能

for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"

是丹阿卡羅德迷很和看過〈捉鬼特工隊〉,

在他的故事裡所描述到在1909

when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift

在西伯利亞巨大的次元裂縫, 就是我們要說的,

since the Siberia blast of 1909,

where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.

即使他把日期弄錯了, 但沒問題。（笑聲）

(Laughter)

那是1908年的事, 但我是無所謂的。

It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.

（笑聲）

(Laughter)

Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere

又有一顆隕石造訪了地球,

and this one blew up above the ground,

但在離地球還有幾英里距離的

several miles up above the surface of the Earth.

地方爆炸了。

The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it,

爆炸所產生的熱量

點燃了下面的森林, 衝擊波

and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees

震到了幾百平方米的

for hundreds of square miles.

樹, 厲害嗎？

This did a huge amount of damage.

這傢伙造成了不小的毀壞。

And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size

同樣的, 這石頭估計

of this auditorium that we're sitting in.

也應該和我們的這所禮堂差不多大。

In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal,

不同的是, 流行坑的那個是鐵質的,

and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground.

很牢固的綁在一起,

所以才能撞到地面。

The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock,

這個在通古斯的可能是

and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.

石質的有些鬆散

Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons.

所以在空中就爆炸了。

無論如何, 同樣的, 龐大的2000萬頓氫彈。

Now, when these things blow up,

當這些東西爆炸時,

they're not going to do global ecological damage.

它們不會造成全世界範圍的生態破壞。

They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did.

不是像滅種恐龍

那樣的大破壞。

They're just not big enough.

因為它們不夠大。

But they will do global economic damage,

但是它們可能造成世界性的金融破壞,

because they don't have to hit, necessarily,

因為它們並不用碰撞,

to do this kind of damage.

便能造成這種的毀壞。

They don't have to do global devastation.

它們不用造成全球性的破壞。

If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere,

因為不論那石頭落在了哪裡,

哪裡都會引起恐慌。

it would cause a panic.

But if it came over a city, an important city --

但是假若它撞向了一個重要的城市--

不是說某一個城市比另一個重要,

not that any city is more important than others,

但是在全球經濟下

but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis --

我們有某些比較需要的城市--

that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization.

作為一個文明社會我們肯定

會遭受巨大的毀壞。

So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --

好, 我已把你們嚇出尿來...

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

what can we do about this?

但是我們面對這又能做些什麽呢?

This is a potential threat.

這是一個潛在的危機。

Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer

我想強調的是我們已經有6500萬年

沒有遭到過像恐龍殺手那次一樣

for 65 million years.

巨大的破壞。因為這些例實在是太罕見。

They're very rare.

The smaller ones happen more often,

許多規模較小的撞擊卻是經常發生的,

but probably on the order of a millennium,

但是一般間隔

every few centuries or every few thousand years.

是不會超過幾個世紀或幾千年的,

因此我們還是要關注它們。

But it's still something to be aware of.

Well, what do we do about them?

但是我們又能做些什麽?

The first thing we have to do is find them.

首先當然是找到它們啦。

This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009.

這是在2009年經過美國的

小行星。

It's right here.

就是這個。

But you can see that it's extremely faint.

你可以看到它十分微小。

I don't know if you can see that in the back row.

在這一連串的黑點,

These are just stars.

說不定你們在後排看不到。看似像其他星星。

This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,

這石頭大概有30碼寬,

so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska

大概和在5萬年前通古斯和亞利桑那州

爆炸的小行星差不多大。

and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.

These things are faint.

小行星相對于巨大的天空很小。

They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.

所以我們要找到它們還是有難度的。

We have to find these things first.

所以第一步要找到這些東西。

Well, the good news is, we're looking for them.

呵呵, 好消息是我們已經找到它們。

NASA has devoted money to this;

NASA 在這方面投了相當的錢。

the National Science Foundation and other countries

國家自然科學基金委員會和其他國家

對這個項目都很感興趣。

are interested in doing this.

We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.

爲了觀察這些危機我們

製造了一系列望遠鏡。這是非常偉大的第一步,

That's a great first step. But what's the second step?

但是下一步又是什麽呢? 第二部

The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it.

當然是在發現它們靠近我們時

把它們停下來。 如何做到呢?

What do we do?

You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis.

你可能聽說過小行星

阿婆菲斯。假如你沒聽過你肯定將會聽說到的。

If you haven't yet, you will.

If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse,

假如你知道瑪雅的2012天啟,

you're going to hear about Apophis,

你就肯定會知道阿婆菲斯,

because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.

因為你對世界末日的關鍵互聯網

有所關於。

(Laughter)

Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.

阿婆菲斯是在2004年被發現的小行星。

It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big --

有250碼那麼寬,

所以這夥計有點大--

bigger than a football stadium.

和一個足球場差不多--

And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029.

而且會在2029年四月經過地球。

And it's going to pass us so close

並且會以很近的距離經過我們,

that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites.

準確來說比天氣衛星

還要低一點。

The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much

地球的引力將會大大地彎曲它的

軌道, 倘若恰好,

that if it's just right,

if it passes through this region of space,

便能穿過這個區域,

this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole,

這個四季豆一樣形狀的

the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later,

叫做關鍵孔區域的地方, 那麼地球的引力

就能足夠彎曲它的軌道, 然後再7年後的

on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --

四月13日, 星期五, 不得不提,

是2036年... (笑聲)

(Laughter)

you can't plan that kind of stuff --

-- 這不是巧合哦（黑色星期五）--

(Laughter)

Apophis is going to hit us.

阿婆菲斯將會撞擊到地球。

And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage.

並且那250碼的身姿

肯定會造成不小的傷害。

The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole

但是有好消息的是它穿過

這個關鍵區域的可能性

and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly --

和在下一次回歸時撞上我們的幾率是

very, very low odds.

100萬分之一, 很小很小的幾率,

So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.

所以我個人是肯定不會爲了擔心它而睡不著覺。

我認為阿婆菲斯的存在對我們並不壞。

I don't think Apophis is a problem.

而是一個變相的好事,

In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,

它讓我們察覺到了

because it woke us up to the dangers of these things.

原來還有這樣的危機存在。

This thing was discovered just a few years ago

它僅僅是在幾年前被發現,

and could hit us a few years from now.

然後有可能在幾年後撞上我們。

It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.

但是它不會, 而且讓我們得到了

一個去學習這些小行星的機會。我們之前

We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do,

是並沒有去研究這些關鍵孔的,

但是我們現在明白, 並且知道了

and it turns out that's really important,

它們的重要性, 關係到我們

because how do you stop an asteroid like this?

該如何停下一個像這樣的天體?

Well, let me ask you:

來, 我來問你 假如你站在馬路中間

What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you?

一輛車向你駛來,

你會幹什麼 你當然會這樣做。

What do you do?

You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you.

對吧, 動一動。然後車就會從你旁邊經過。

But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily,

但是我們移不動地球, 起碼

不能如此簡單, 但是我們可以移動那個小行星。

but we can move a small asteroid.

And it turns out, we've even done it.

事實證明，我們曾經做到。

在2005年, NASA發射了

In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact,

一個叫Deep Impact的探針--

which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.

插到了一個彗星的彗核中。

Comets are very much like asteroids.

彗星和小行星是很相像的。

The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way;

目的並不是想把它推到別處去。

the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material

而是在上面開個坑, 用來

挖掘彗星表面底下的物質。

and see what was underneath the surface of this comet,

我們通過這樣

which we learned quite a bit about.

瞭解了很多東西。

We did move the comet a little tiny bit --

而且同時我們也的確把這個彗星移動了一點點,

not very much, but that wasn't the point.

很少, 但是這不是它的任務重點。

However, think about this:

但是, 想一想這個。

This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second.

這個東西是以每秒10英里20英里的速度

繞著太陽運行。

We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK?

我們發射了一個空間探針, 然後準確的命中了它!

試想一下這個事情的難度, 的但是我們做到了。

Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.

That means we can do it again.

這就意味著我們還能再做一次。

If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us,

假如我們現在看到一個小行星

正筆直衝向我們, 我們這是有要移動它的需要的話,

and we have two years to go?

並且有兩年時間準備, 轟! 我們當然可以撞擊它。

Boom! We hit it.

You know, if you watch the movies --

假如你看過電影,

(Laughter)

你可能在想,

you might think:

Why don't we use a nuclear weapon?

爲什麽我們不用核武器?

Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.

那當然可以, 但是問題時引爆時間的問題。

Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,

你可以用核武器向小行星丟去,

you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance,

但是你的引爆誤差要在幾毫秒內,

否則你就會錯過沒打中。

or else you'll miss it.

And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do.

然後這還有很多其他連結的問題,

這些問題都很難解決。

But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.

但是只要僅僅是擊中它? 那是很容易的。

I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.

我認為NASA都可以做到,

同時他們也證明過他們可以。(笑聲)

(Laughter)

The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,

但是問題是, 假如我擊擊中了

這顆小行星, 我們成功改變了其軌道,

you measure the orbit,

then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,

再次測量發現,

噢, 我們把它又丟進了一個關鍵孔,

and now it's going to hit us in three years.

然後再3年後它就來了。

Well, my opinion is: fine!

我的想法是, 還好啦,

It's not hitting us in six months --

起碼不是在六個月內就來了。還好。

that's good.

Now we have three years to do something else.

我們還有三年時間去對付它。

And you can hit it again.

然後你又擊中了它。雖然這比較有點扯。

That's kind of ham-fisted;

但是你又再次把它丟入了關係孔,

you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever,

或者直接就撞上來什麽的, 你當然不希望這樣。

so you don't do that.

但是我就喜歡這一部份。

And this is the part --

it's the part I just love.

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face,"

在無腦一番後, 啪咚, 我們

要從正面攻擊它了,

然後結果卻很糟。

then we bring in the velvet gloves.

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts,

有這樣一批科學家和工程師,

還有宇航員, 他們自稱為

and they call themselves The B612 Foundation.

笑聲612委員會。

For those of you who've read "The Little Prince,"

對於那些讀過〈小王子〉的人,

you understand that reference, I hope --

你們應該知道這個引用。

the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612.

小王子就是住在小行星B612上的。

These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers.

這的都是些很厲害的人--

宇航員, 工程師。

Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this.

魯斯提•思維瓦特, 阿婆羅九號的宇航員

就在裏面。丹•杜爾達, 我的好朋友

Dan Durda, my friend who made this image,

做了這張圖片, 現在在

works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street.

位於Boulder 胡桃街的西南研究院

工作, 他為委員會製作了這樣一幅圖,

He created this image for this.

同時也是一位為他們工作的天文學家。

He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them.

假如我們看到了一個小行星

If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth

將要撞向地球,

and we have enough time,

同時我們有足夠的時間

we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.

我們就可以撞擊它, 把它推向一個更好的軌道,

But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.

然後我們就要發射一個重1到2頓的探測器。

不需很大--就幾頓大吧--

It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big --

然後把它停在小行星旁邊。

and you park it near the asteroid.

You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end.

不必要在上面著陸, 因為這些東西

是會在一直轉動, 很難在上面降落。

It's very hard to land on them.

Instead you get near it.

因此我們就停在它旁邊。

The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,

小行星的引力會吸引探針,

and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.

同時探針只是一個幾頓的很小引力的物體。

It has a little tiny bit of gravity,

但是足夠土洞一個小行星,

but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid,

然後把火箭點燃,

and you have your rocket set up --

你就可以看到

you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes --

一縷青煙,

基本上來說這些天體是由引力

and these guys are connected by their own gravity,

鏈接的, 所以假如你

and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently,

很慢, 徐徐地移動探針,

you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.

你就可以簡單並巧妙地把那石頭移到安全的軌道。

你當然可以把它推到地球的軌道,

You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it,

在哪裡我們可以開採它,

although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.

但是那又是別的一回事。 我不會在這裡討論它。

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

But we'd be rich!

但我們會很富有！

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

So think about this, right?

想一下,

在太空中飛著巨大的小行星,

There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us,

然後它們要撞向我們, 它們對我們造成了危險,

and they're doing damage to us.

但是我們已經知道了怎麼對付他們,

But we've figured out how to do this,

所有的零件也已經拼在一起執行這項任務。

and all the pieces are in place to do this.

We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them.

我們有天文家用望遠鏡

看著它們。我們有人才,

We have very, very smart people,

相當厲害的人正在關注這個,

who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem,

並在思考解決問題。

同時我們也已經有了成熟的技術去攻克這個難關。

and we have the technology to do this.

This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.

這個探針不是用的化學火箭。

Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push.

化學火箭提供的動力太大了,

探針一下子就會被推開。

The probe would just shoot away.

我們發明了一種叫做離子推力器的東西,

We invented something called an ion drive,

是一個很小功率的推力器。

which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.

It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand --

它所產生的力

和你頭頂一張紙差不多, 十分輕便,

incredibly light, but it can run for months and years,

但是它能持續工作幾個月, 幾年,

不斷提供平緩的推力。

providing that very gentle push.

If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"

你們當中有人是〈星艦奇航記〉迷話,

他們就有一個外星飛船裝有

they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive,

離子推進器, Spock還說過:

and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated.

「 這個技術上的工藝很複雜。

They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."

這東西起碼比我們領先幾百年。」

怎麼樣, 我們現在已經有了離子推進器。(笑聲)

Yeah, we have an ion drive now.

We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.

我們沒有〈進取號〉,

但是我們有了離子推進器。

(Laughter)

（鼓掌）

(Applause)

Spock.

Spock。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

So ...

所以,

That's the difference --

這就有不同了,

that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs.

我們和恐龍之間就有了不同。

This happened to them.

災難降臨了在牠們身上。

It doesn't have to happen to us.

但是不會降臨在我們頭上。

The difference between the dinosaurs and us

我們和恐龍的區別就在於

is that we have a space program

我們有太空計劃,

我們可以投票,

and we can vote,

and so we can change our future.

所以未來就在我們手中。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

We have the ability to change our future.

我們有能力改變命運。

Sixty-five million years from now,

6500萬年後,

we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum.

我們不用

把我們的骨頭陳列在博物館裡。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝你們。

(Applause)

（掌聲）