Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids

Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG

I want to talk to you about something

Želim vam govoriti

kind of big.

o nečemu velikom.

We'll start here.

Počet ćemo od ovoga.

Sixty-five million years ago --

Prije 65 milijuna godina

(Laughter)

the dinosaurs had a bad day.

dinosauri su imali gadan dan.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

A chunk of rock six miles across,

Komad stijene promjera 9 kilometara

moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet,

koji se kretao brzinom otprilike

50 puta bržom od metka,

slammed into the Earth.

zabio se u Zemlju.

It released its energy all at once,

Oslobodio je svu energiju odjednom

and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing.

i došlo je do eksplozije

nepojmljive siline.

If you took every nuclear weapon ever built

Uzmete li sva nuklearna oružja ikad napravljena

na vrhuncu hladnog rata,

at the height of the Cold War,

lumped them together,

skupite ih i dignete u zrak

and blew them up at the same time,

u isto vrijeme,

that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment.

oslobodio bi se milijunti dio

energije oslobođene u onom trenutku.

The dinosaurs had a really bad day.

Dinosauri su imali doista loš dan.

OK?

Dobro?

Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.

Devet kilometara široka stijena je stvarno velika.

We all live here in Boulder.

Svi mi živimo ovdje u Boulderu.

If you look out your window and see Longs Peak --

Ako pogledate kroz prozor, možete vidjeti

you're probably familiar with it --

Long's Peak, vjerojatno vam je poznat.

now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space.

Podignimo Long's Peak, i stavimo ga

Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker.

u svemir.

Uzmimo planinu Meeker, Mt. Meeker.

Lump that in there, and put that in space as well.

Stavimo i nju u svemir,

And Mt. Everest. And K2.

i Mt. Everest, i K2,

i Indian Peaks.

And the Indian peaks.

Tada ćete početi shvaćati

Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK?

o kolikoj stijeni pričamo, u redu?

We know it was that big

Znamo da je bila tako velika zbog

because of the impact it had and the crater it left.

učinka i kratera koji je ostavila.

It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico.

Udarila je na mjestu koje zovemo Yucatan,

u Meksičkom zaljevu.

You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula,

Evo ovdje, ovo je

poluotok Yucatan, ako prepoznajete Cozumel

if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there.

u blizini istočne obale.

Here is how big of a crater was left.

Evo koliki je krater ostao.

It was huge.

To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go.

Bio je ogroman. Da biste dobili osjećaj veličine,

evo. Ovdje je mjerilo

The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom.

50 milja na vrhu, stotinu kilometara

na dnu. Krater je bio

This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --

širok 300 kilometara -- 200 milja --

an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth

ogroman krater koji je iskopao

nepregledne količine zemlje koja je letjela

that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet,

globusom i palila požare po cijelom planetu,

threw up enough dust to block out the sun.

izbacila dovoljno prašine da prekrije sunce.

It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth.

75 posto svih živih vrsta na Zemlji

bilo je izbrisano.

Now, not all asteroids are that big.

Nisu svi asteroidi tako veliki.

Some of them are smaller.

Neki su manji.

Here is one that came in

Evo jednog koji je stigao

over the United States in October of 1992.

nad Sjedinjene Države

u listopadu 1992.

It came in on a Friday night.

Stigao je u petak uvečer.

Why is that important?

Zašto je to važno?

Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular,

Zato što su u to vrijeme video kamere

postajale popularne i ljudi bi ih

and parents would bring them to their kids' football games

ponijeli, roditelji su ih nosili

na nogometne utakmice da snime svoju djecu

to film their kids playing football.

na terenu. A kako je asteroid došao u petak,

And since this came in on a Friday,

they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up

snimili su ovu sjajnu snimku gdje vidimo

kako se ta stvar raspada dok pristiže

as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey

iznad Zapadne Virginije, Marylanda, Pennsylvanije

i New Jerseya dok nije napravila ovo

until it did that

to a car in New York.

automobilu u New Yorku.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,

Ovo nije krater širok 300 kilometara,

but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here,

no možete vidjeti stijenu

koja leži baš ovdje,

about the size of a football,

veličine nogometne lopte, i to je ta

that hit that car and did that damage.

koja je pogodila automobil i napravila štetu.

Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus

Stijena je vjerojatno bila veličine

when it first came in.

školskog autobusa kad se pojavila.

It broke up through atmospheric pressure,

Razlomila se uslijed atmosferskog pritiska,

it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart

razmrvila, a tada su dijelovi pali zasebno

and did some damage.

i napravili štetu.

Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head,

Ne biste htjeli da vam to padne na nogu

ili na glavu, jer biste prošli ovako.

because it would do that to it.

That would be bad.

To bi bilo loše.

But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.

Ali neće izbrisati sav život

na Zemlji, što je dobro. No, pokazuje se,

But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across

da vam ne treba nešto široko 9 kilometara

to do a lot of damage.

da napravi puno štete.

There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock,

Postoji medijan između malene stijene

i divovske stijene i, ako je itko od vas

and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,

bio blizu Winslowa u Arizoni,

there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic

ondje je krater u pustinji

koji je tako živopisan da se zove Meteor Crater.

that it is actually called "Meteor Crater."

To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.

Da biste imali osjećaj, ovo je negdje 1,6 km široko.

If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,

Ako pogledate gore, vidite parkiralište,

and those are recreational vehicles right there.

a ovdje su rekreacijska vozila.

So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.

Širok je oko 1,6 km, dubok oko 200 metara.

The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across,

Objekt koji je ovo napravio je vjerojatno bio

širok 27 sa 45 metara, otprilike veličine

so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here.

ove naše dvorane.

It came in at speeds that were tremendous,

Doletio je silnom brzinom,

slammed into the ground, blew up,

zabio se u tlo i eksplodirao

and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --

energijom otprilike

20-megatonske nuklearne bombe --

a very hefty bomb.

poprilične bombe.

This was 50,000 years ago,

To se zbilo prije 50.000 godina, pa je možda

so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,

izbrisalo nekoliko bizona ili antilopi,

or something like that out in the desert,

ili nekih sličnih životinja u pustinji,

but it probably would not have caused global devastation.

ali vjerojatno nije prouzročilo

globalnu devastaciju.

It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground

Pokazuje se da te stvari ne moraju

udariti o tlo da bi izazvale veliku štetu.

to do a lot of damage.

Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region --

1908. godine, nad Sibirom,

u regiji Tunguska -- za one među vama

for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"

koji volite Dana Aykroyda i gledali ste „Istjerivače duhova",

kad on govori o najvećem međudimenzionalnom rascjepu

when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift

od sibirske eksplozije 1909., kad je

since the Siberia blast of 1909,

where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.

pogriješio u godini, ali to je OK. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Bilo je to 1908. Dobro. S tim se mogu pomiriti.

It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere

Ta je stijena ušla u zemljinu atmosferu

and this one blew up above the ground,

i eksplodirala iznad tla, nekoliko

several miles up above the surface of the Earth.

kilometara iznad zemljine površine.

The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it,

Vrelina eksplozije je zapalila

šumu ispod, i udarni val

and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees

se spustio i oborio drveće na površini

for hundreds of square miles.

od više stotina četvornih kilometara, ok?

This did a huge amount of damage.

Šteta je bila ogromna.

And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size

Opet, ta je stijena otprilike bila

of this auditorium that we're sitting in.

veličine dvorane u kojoj se nalazimo.

In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal,

U slučaju Meteor Cratera, stijena je bila od metala,

and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground.

a metal je puno tvrđi, pa je stigla

do tla.

The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock,

Ona nad Tunguskom je vjerojatno bila

and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.

od kamena koji se lakše mrvi, pa je

Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons.

eksplodirala u zraku. Kako god,

to su silne eksplozije. 20 megatona.

Now, when these things blow up,

Kad te stvari eksplodiraju,

they're not going to do global ecological damage.

ne uzrokuju globalnu ekološku štetu.

They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did.

Neće napraviti nešto poput

ubojice dinosaura.

They're just not big enough.

Jednostavno nisu dovoljno velike.

But they will do global economic damage,

Ali će napraviti globalnu ekonomsku štetu,

because they don't have to hit, necessarily,

jer ne moraju nužno udariti,

to do this kind of damage.

da bi nanijele tu vrstu štete.

They don't have to do global devastation.

Ne moraju izazvati globalnu devastaciju.

If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere,

Kad bi jedna od tih stvari udarila

bilo gdje, izazvala bi paniku.

it would cause a panic.

But if it came over a city, an important city --

No ako bi došla nad grad, neki važan grad --

ne mislim da je neki grad važniji od drugih,

not that any city is more important than others,

ali o nekima više ovisimo

but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis --

u smislu globalne ekonomije -- to bi nam moglo

that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization.

nanijeti ogromnu štetu

kao civilizaciji.

So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --

Sad kad sam vas izbezumio od straha ...

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

what can we do about this?

što možemo učiniti oko ovoga? Dobro?

This is a potential threat.

Ovo je potencijalna opasnost.

Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer

Napominjem da nismo imali

silovit udar poput ubojice dinosaura

for 65 million years.

već 65 milijuna godina. Vrlo su rijetki.

They're very rare.

The smaller ones happen more often,

Manji udari su češći,

but probably on the order of a millennium,

vjerojatno svakih tisuću godina,

every few centuries or every few thousand years.

svakih par stoljeća ili svakih nekoliko

tisuća godina, ali moramo voditi računa.

But it's still something to be aware of.

Well, what do we do about them?

Dakle, što učiniti u vezi s njima?

The first thing we have to do is find them.

Prvo ih moramo pronaći.

This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009.

Ovo je slika asteroida koji je prošao

kraj nas 2009. godine.

It's right here.

Evo ga ovdje.

But you can see that it's extremely faint.

Ali vidite da je izuzetno blijed.

I don't know if you can see that in the back row.

Nisam siguran možete li ga vidjeti

These are just stars.

vi u zadnjem redu. Ovo su samo zvijezde.

This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,

Ova stijena je bila oko 27 metara široka,

so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska

otprilike veličine onih koje su eksplodirale

nad Tunguskom ili u Arizoni prije 50.000 godina.

and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.

These things are faint.

Te su stvari jedva vidljive.

They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.

Teško ih je vidjeti, a nebo je doista veliko.

We have to find these things first.

Prvo ih moramo naći.

Well, the good news is, we're looking for them.

Dobra je vijest da ih tražimo.

NASA has devoted money to this;

NASA ima proračun za to.

the National Science Foundation and other countries

Nacionalna fondacija za znanost i

druge zemlje se zanimaju za to.

are interested in doing this.

We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.

Pravimo teleskope koji traže

prijetnju. To je odličan prvi korak,

That's a great first step. But what's the second step?

ali koji je drugi? Drugi korak je,

The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it.

kad vidimo asteroid kako ide na nas,

da ga zaustavimo. Na koji način?

What do we do?

You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis.

Vjerojatno ste čuli za asteroid

Apophis. Ako još niste, čut ćete.

If you haven't yet, you will.

If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse,

Ako ste čuli za majansku apokalipsu 2012.

you're going to hear about Apophis,

čut ćete i za Apophis,

because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.

jer ste onda već uključeni u sve mreže

koje prognoziraju sudnji dan.

(Laughter)

Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.

Apophis je asteroid otkriven 2004.

It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big --

Širok je oko 225 metara,

vrlo velik, znate,

bigger than a football stadium.

veći od stadiona -- i proći će

And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029.

kraj Zemlje u travnju 2029.

And it's going to pass us so close

Proći će tako blizu da će

that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites.

proći ispod naših

klimatskih satelita.

The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much

Zemljina gravitacija će zakriviti orbitu

asteroida toliko da, ako bude ovako,

that if it's just right,

if it passes through this region of space,

ako prođe kroz ovaj dio svemira,

this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole,

ovu regiju u obliku graha koju zovemo

the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later,

ključaonica, zemljina gravitacija će je dovoljno

zakriviti da ću ja, sedam godina kasnije,

on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --

13. travnja, u petak, zapisati,

godine 2036. ... (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

you can't plan that kind of stuff --

-- ne možete isplanirati ovakvo što --

(Laughter)

Apophis is going to hit us.

u tom slučaju će nas Apophis pogoditi.

And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage.

Širok je 250 metara, pa će prouzročiti

nevjerojatnu štetu.

The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole

Dobra je vijest da su šanse da će

proći kroz ključaonicu i udariti nas

and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly --

u sljedećem prolazu, negdje 1 naprema milijun,

very, very low odds.

vrlo, vrlo male šanse, pa osobno

So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.

baš i ne ležim budan noću brinući o tome.

Ne mislim da je Apophis problem.

I don't think Apophis is a problem.

Zapravo, Apophis je skriveni blagoslov,

In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,

jer nam skreće pažnju na opasnost

because it woke us up to the dangers of these things.

koja nam prijeti.

This thing was discovered just a few years ago

Taj asteroid je otkriven prije samo nekoliko

and could hit us a few years from now.

godina i može nas pogoditi za nekoliko godina.

It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.

Neće, ali nam pruža priliku da proučimo

tu vrstu asteroida. Nismo zapravo

We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do,

razumjeli te ključaonice, ali sada

ih razumijemo i pokazuje se

and it turns out that's really important,

da su zbilja važne, jer kako

because how do you stop an asteroid like this?

zaustaviti ovakav asteroid?

Well, let me ask you:

Da vas pitam, što se događa

What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you?

ako stojite nasred ceste i automobil

juri na vas? Što činite? Ovo.

What do you do?

You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you.

Zar ne? Mičete se. Auto prolazi kraj vas.

But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily,

Ali ne možemo pomaknuti Zemlju, barem

ne lako, ali možemo pomaknuti mali asteroid.

but we can move a small asteroid.

And it turns out, we've even done it.

Zapravo, već smo to učinili.

2005. je NASA lansirala sondu

In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact,

pod nazivom Deep Impact, koja se zabila --

which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.

zabila svoj dio u jezgru kometa.

Comets are very much like asteroids.

Kometi su vrlo slični asteroidima.

The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way;

Cilj nije bio izgurati ga s putanje.

the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material

Cilj je bio napraviti krater i iskopati

materijal da vidimo što je ispod

and see what was underneath the surface of this comet,

površine tog kometa, o kojemu

which we learned quite a bit about.

smo naučili prilično puno.

We did move the comet a little tiny bit --

Pomaknuli smo komet malo,

not very much, but that wasn't the point.

vrlo malo, ali to nije bio cilj.

However, think about this:

No, razmislite o sljedećem.

This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second.

Ta stvar kruži oko sunca brzinom

od 15 km u sekundi, 30 km u sekundi.

We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK?

Ispalili smo sondu i pogodila ga. Dobro?

Zamislite kako je to teško postići, a mi smo uspjeli.

Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.

That means we can do it again.

To znači da to možemo ponoviti.

If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us,

Ako moramo, ako vidimo asteroid da ide

prema nama, ravno na nas,

and we have two years to go?

i imamo još dvije godine, bum! Pogodimo ga.

Boom! We hit it.

You know, if you watch the movies --

Možete probati -- znate, ako gledate

(Laughter)

filmove, mogli biste pomisliti,

you might think:

Why don't we use a nuclear weapon?

zašto ne upotrijebimo nuklearno oružje?

Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.

No, možete pokušati, ali problem je u tajmingu.

Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,

Ispalite li nuklearno oružje na tu stvar,

you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance,

morate detonirati unutar nekoliko milisekundi

tolerancije ili ćete je promašiti.

or else you'll miss it.

And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do.

A ima i drugih problema s time.

To je vrlo teško postići.

But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.

No, samo nešto pogoditi? To je prilično lako.

I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.

Mislim da to čak i NASA može,

a i dokazali su da mogu. (Smijeh)

(Laughter)

The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,

Teškoća je, što ako pogodite

asteroid, promijenite mu orbitu,

you measure the orbit,

then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,

izmjerite orbitu i otkrijete,

opa, da, upravo smo ga usmjerili u ključaonicu,

and now it's going to hit us in three years.

i sad će nas pogoditi za tri godine.

Well, my opinion is: fine!

Moje mišljenje je, fino. Dobro?

It's not hitting us in six months --

Bar nas neće pogoditi za šest mjeseci. To je dobro.

that's good.

Now we have three years to do something else.

Sad imamo tri godine za pokušati nešto drugo.

And you can hit it again.

I možete ga opet gađati.

That's kind of ham-fisted;

No, možete ga samo pogurati prema trećoj

you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever,

ključaonici, a to ne želite učiniti.

so you don't do that.

A sad slijedi dio priče koji naročito volim.

And this is the part --

it's the part I just love.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face,"

Nakon velikog, mačo "Rrrrrrr BAM!

Pogodili smo tu stvar u facu",

navlačimo baršunaste rukavice.

then we bring in the velvet gloves.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts,

Imate jednu skupinu znanstvenika, inženjera

i astronauta koji se nazivaju

and they call themselves The B612 Foundation.

Fondacija B612. Vi koji ste čitali

For those of you who've read "The Little Prince,"

„Malog princa"

you understand that reference, I hope --

razumijete odakle naziv. Mali princ je

the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612.

živio na asteroidu koji se zvao B612.

These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers.

To su pametni tipovi -- muškarci i žene --

astronauti, kako rekoh, inženjeri.

Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this.

Rusty Schweickart, astronaut s Apolla 9

je u tome. Dan Durda, moj prijatelj

Dan Durda, my friend who made this image,

koji je izradio ovu ilustraciju, radi na

works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street.

Southwest Research institutu u Boulderu,

na Walnut Streetu. Napravio je ovaj prikaz,

He created this image for this.

i on je jedan od astronoma

He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them.

koji rade za fondaciju. Ako opazimo asteroid

If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth

koji će pogoditi Zemlju i imamo

and we have enough time,

dovoljno vremena, možemo ga pogoditi i pomaknuti

we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.

na bolju putanju. Lansiramo sondu

But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.

koja mora biti tonu ili dvije teška.

Ne mora biti ogromna -- dvije tone,

It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big --

nije preveliko -- i parkirate je blizu asteroida.

and you park it near the asteroid.

You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end.

Ne slijećete na asteroid, jer se oni

neprestano okreću. Teško je sletjeti na njih.

It's very hard to land on them.

Instead you get near it.

Već se smjestite blizu njega.

The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,

Gravitacija asteroida privlači sondu,

and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.

a ona ima masu od dvije tone.

It has a little tiny bit of gravity,

Njena je gravitacija vrlo mala, ali dovoljna

but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid,

da povuče asteroid, a imate i rakete

and you have your rocket set up --

pa možete -- ovdje se to jedva vidi,

you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes --

ali ovo su raketni motori --

oni su povezani vlastitom gravitacijom

and these guys are connected by their own gravity,

i ako mičete sondu vrlo polako,

and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently,

vrlo, vrlo nježno, možete lako

you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.

uputiti tu stijenu na sigurnu putanju.

Možete je čak postaviti u orbitu oko Zemlje

You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it,

gdje je možemo rudariti, premda je to

although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.

nešto sasvim drugo. Ne ulazim u to.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

But we'd be rich!

Ali bili bismo bogati!

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So think about this, right?

Zato razmislite o tome, dobro?

Imate te divovske stijene koje lete posvuda,

There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us,

pogađaju nas i prave štetu,

and they're doing damage to us.

ali smo shvatili kako ovo uraditi

But we've figured out how to do this,

i sve su komponente na mjestu za to.

and all the pieces are in place to do this.

We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them.

Imamo astronome s teleskopima

koji ih traže. Imamo pametne ljude,

We have very, very smart people,

vrlo, vrlo pametne ljude koji brinu

who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem,

o tome i smišljaju kako riješiti problem,

a imamo i tehnologiju za to.

and we have the technology to do this.

This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.

Ova sonda zapravo ne može koristiti kemijske rakete.

Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push.

Kemijske rakete daju previše potiska, previše

guranja. Sonda bi naprosto odletjela.

The probe would just shoot away.

Izumili smo nešto što se zove ionski pogon,

We invented something called an ion drive,

koji je pogon s vrlo, vrlo malim potiskom.

which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.

It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand --

Stvara silu kakvu ima list papira

na vašem dlanu, nevjerojatno lagano,

incredibly light, but it can run for months and years,

ali može raditi mjesecima i godinama,

ostvarujući taj vrlo nježan potisak.

providing that very gentle push.

If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"

Ako ovdje ima ljubitelja izvornih „Zvjezdanih staza“,

oni su tamo naišli na izvanzemaljski brod

they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive,

s ionskim pogonom i Spock je rekao,

and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated.

"Tehnološki su vrlo napredni.

They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."

S ovim pogonom su stotinu godina ispred nas."

Da, sad i mi imamo ionski pogon. (Smijeh)

Yeah, we have an ion drive now.

We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.

Nemamo Enterprise, ali

imamo ionski pogon.

(Laughter)

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

Spock.

Spock.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So ...

Dakle ...

That's the difference --

to je razlika, to je razlika

that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs.

između nas i dinosaura.

This happened to them.

Njima se to dogodilo.

It doesn't have to happen to us.

Nama se ne mora dogoditi.

The difference between the dinosaurs and us

Razlika između dinosaura i nas

is that we have a space program

je u tome što mi imamo svemirski program

i možemo glasati,

and we can vote,

and so we can change our future.

pa time i promijeniti svoju budućnost.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

We have the ability to change our future.

Imamo sposobnost promijeniti svoju budućnost.

Sixty-five million years from now,

Za 65 milijuna godina,

we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum.

naše kosti ne moraju

skupljati prašinu u nekom muzeju.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam lijepa.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)