Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids

Translator: Carl-Martin Keerberg Reviewer: TED Translators admin

I want to talk to you about something

Ma tahan teiega rääkida

kind of big.

ühest üsna suurest asjast.

We'll start here.

Alustame siit.

Sixty-five million years ago --

65 millionit aastat tagasi

(Laughter)

the dinosaurs had a bad day.

oli dinosaurustel halb päev.

(Laughter)

(naer)

A chunk of rock six miles across,

Kivikamakas, mis oli kuus miili lai,

moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet,

liikudes umbes 50 korda kiiremini

vintpüssi kuulist,

slammed into the Earth.

prantsatas vastu Maad.

It released its energy all at once,

See vallandas kogu oma energia ainsa hetkega,

and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing.

ning see plahvatus oli

meelinüristav

If you took every nuclear weapon ever built

Kui sa võtaksid kõik tuumarelvad, mis iial ehitatud

Külma Sõja ajal,

at the height of the Cold War,

lumped them together,

kuhjaksid need kokku ja laseks õhku

and blew them up at the same time,

samal ajal,

that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment.

siis võrduks see ühe miljondikuga

energiast, mis vallandus sellel hetkel.

The dinosaurs had a really bad day.

Dinosaurustel oli tõesti halb päev.

OK?

Arusaadav?

Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.

Niisiis, kuus miili lai kivi on väga suur.

We all live here in Boulder.

Me kõik elame siin Boulder -is

If you look out your window and see Longs Peak --

Kui sa vaatad oma aknast välja ja näed

you're probably familiar with it --

Long's Peak -i, oled sa sellega arvatavasti tuttav.

now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space.

Nüüd, kühvelda kokku Long's Peak, ja aseta see

Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker.

kosmosesse

Võta Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Kühvelda kokku see,

Lump that in there, and put that in space as well.

ja aseta see ka kosmosesse,

And Mt. Everest. And K2.

ja Mt. Everest ja K2,

ja Indiaani mäeharjad.

And the Indian peaks.

Siis hakkad sa aru saama,

Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK?

kui suurest kivist me räägime, selge?

We know it was that big

Me teame, et see oli nii suur

because of the impact it had and the crater it left.

kokkupõrke tõttu, mis toimus ja tekitas kraatri.

It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico.

See tabas kohta, mida me nüüd tunneme Yucatan -ina,

Mehhiko lahena.

You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula,

Sa võid siit näha, siin on

Yucatan Peninsula, kui sa tunned ära Cozumel -i

if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there.

idarannikul.

Here is how big of a crater was left.

Tekkis nii suur kraater.

It was huge.

To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go.

See oli üüratu. Et anda teile suurustaju,

hea küll, siin see on. Suurus on

The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom.

50 miili ülevalt, sada kilomeetrit

alt. See asi oli

This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --

300 kilomeetrit lai - 200 miili -

an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth

tohutu suur kraater, mis rebis lahti

suure koguse maapinnast, mis lendas üle

that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet,

maakera ja tekitas tulekahjusid üle terve planeedi,

threw up enough dust to block out the sun.

ning keerutas üles piisavalt tolmu, et blokeerida päike.

It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth.

See pühkis minema 75 protsenti kõigist liikidest

Maal

Now, not all asteroids are that big.

Kuigi, kõik asteroidid ei ole nii suured.

Some of them are smaller.

Mõned neist on väiksemad.

Here is one that came in

See siin lendas

over the United States in October of 1992.

üle Ameerika Ühendriikide

oktoobris 1992.

It came in on a Friday night.

See tuli reede õhtul.

Why is that important?

Miks on see tähtis?

Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular,

Sest siis hakkasid videokaamerad

muutuma populaarseks ja inimesed

and parents would bring them to their kids' football games

kandsid neid kaasas, vanemad võtsid neid kaasa

oma laste jalgpallimängudele, et oma lapsi filmida

to film their kids playing football.

jalgpalli mängimas. Ja kuna see tuli reedel,

And since this came in on a Friday,

they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up

olid nad võimelised jäädvustama selle suurepärase salvestise

asteroidist harunemas, kui see tuli

as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey

üle Lääne-Virginia, Maryland -i, Pennsylvania.

ja New Jersey kuni see tegi seda

until it did that

to a car in New York.

autole New York -is.

(Laughter)

(naer)

Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,

Niisiid, see ei ole 200 miili laiune kraater,

but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here,

kuid siiski võid sa näha kivi,

mis istub seal samas,

about the size of a football,

umbes jalgpalli suurune, mis lendas vastu

that hit that car and did that damage.

seda autot ja tegi selle kahjustuse.

Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus

See oli arvatavasti umbes

when it first came in.

koolibussi suurune, kui see atmosfääri ilmus.

It broke up through atmospheric pressure,

See lagunes rõhu tõttu,

it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart

mõranes ja seejärel langes tükkideks

and did some damage.

ja tegi natuke kahju.

Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head,

Sa ei tahaks, et see sulle jala peale kukuks

või pähe, sest see teeks seda.

because it would do that to it.

That would be bad.

See oleks halb.

But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.

Kuid ei pühiks minema kogu elu

Maal, seega sellega on korras. Kuid tuleb välja,

But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across

et ei ole vaja midagi kuus miili laia,

to do a lot of damage.

et teha palju kahju.

There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock,

On midagi vahepealset väikese kivi

ja suure rahnu vahel, õigupoolest, kui keegi teist

and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,

on kunagi olnud Winslow lähedal, Arizonas,

there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic

siis seal kõrbes on kraater, mis on

nii ikooniline, et seda lausa kutsutakse meteoriidikraatriks

that it is actually called "Meteor Crater."

To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.

Et anda teile suurustaju, see on umbes miili laiune.

If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,

Kui te vaatate ülevalt, siis see on parkimisplats,

and those are recreational vehicles right there.

siis need on meelelahutusmasinad seal.

So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.

Niisiis, see on umbes miili laiune, 600 jalga sügav.

The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across,

Objekt, mis selle tegi oli arvatavasti umbes

30 kuni 50 jardi laiune, seega umbes sama suur,

so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here.

kui see Mackey Auditoorium.

It came in at speeds that were tremendous,

See tuli tohututel kiirustel,

slammed into the ground, blew up,

prantsatas vastu maad, lendas õhku,

and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --

ja plahvatas umbes

20-megatonnise tuumapommi energiaga

a very hefty bomb.

väga tugeva pommi energiaga.

This was 50,000 years ago,

See oli 50000 aastat tagasi, seega see võis

so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,

teelt pühkida paar pühvlit või antiloopi,

or something like that out in the desert,

või midagi sellist kõrbes,

but it probably would not have caused global devastation.

kuid see ei oleks tõenäoliselt põhjustanud

globaalset laastatust.

It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground

Tuleb välja, et need asjad ei pea

maha langema, et teha palju kahju.

to do a lot of damage.

Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region --

Nüüd, 1808. aasta, üle Siberi,

Tunguska lähistel-neile, kes teist on

for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"

Dan Aykroyd -i fännind ja on näinud ''Tondipüüdjaid,''

kui ta rääkis suurimast dimensioonidevahelisest mõrast

when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift

Siberi 1909. aasta plahvatusest saadik, kus ta pani mööda

since the Siberia blast of 1909,

where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.

kuupäevaga, kuid pole hullu. (naer)

(Laughter)

See oli 1908. aasta. Pole hullu. See ei sega mind.

It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.

(naer)

(Laughter)

Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere

Veel üks kivi sisenes Maa atmosfääri

and this one blew up above the ground,

ja see lõhkes õhus, mõni

several miles up above the surface of the Earth.

miil maapinnast kõrgemal.

The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it,

Plahvatuse kuumus pani põlema

metsa selle all ja lööklaine

and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees

murdis puud maha

for hundreds of square miles.

sadade ruutmiilide ulatuses, selge?

This did a huge amount of damage.

See tekitas higlaslikku kahju.

And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size

Ja veelkord, see kivi oli umbes

of this auditorium that we're sitting in.

auditooriumi suurune, milles me praegu istume.

In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal,

Meteoriidikraatri asteroid koosnes metallis,

and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground.

ning metall on palju tugevam, seega see jõudis

maapinnani.

The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock,

Asteroid Tunguska kohal koosnes arvatavasti

and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.

kivist, ning see on palju rabedam, seega see

Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons.

plahvatas õhus. Mõlemal juhul, need on

üüratud plahvatused, 20 megatonni.

Now, when these things blow up,

Niisiis, kui need asjad õhku lendavad, ei põhjusta nad

they're not going to do global ecological damage.

ülemaailmset ökoloogilist kahju.

They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did.

Nad ei tee midagi sellist,

nagu dinosauruse-tapja tegi.

They're just not big enough.

Nad ei ole lihtsalt piisavalt suured.

But they will do global economic damage,

Kuid nad tekitavad ülemaailmset majanduslikku kahju,

because they don't have to hit, necessarily,

sest nad ei pea tabama, tingimata,

to do this kind of damage.

et teha sellist kahju.

They don't have to do global devastation.

Nad ei pea tekitama ülemaailmset laastatust.

If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere,

Kui üks neist tabaks

ükskõik mida, siis see põhjustaks paanikat.

it would cause a panic.

But if it came over a city, an important city --

Aga kui see tabaks linna, tähtsat linna-

mitte, et üks linn oleks teistest tähtsam,

not that any city is more important than others,

aga mõnedest me lihtsalt sõltume rohkem

but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis --

ülemaailmse majanduse suhtes - võiks see tekitada

that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization.

tohutult kahju meile

kui tsivilisatsioonile.

So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --

Niisiis, nüüd kui ma olen teid surnuks ehmatanud...

(Laughter)

(naer)

what can we do about this?

mida me saame selle vastu teha?

This is a potential threat.

See on potensiaalne oht.

Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer

Laske mul märkida, et meil ei ole olnud

hiiglaslikku kokkupõrget, nagu oli dinosauruse-tapja

for 65 million years.

65 millionit aastat. Nad on väga haruldased.

They're very rare.

The smaller ones happen more often,

Väiksemad juhtuvad tihedamini,

but probably on the order of a millennium,

võibolla kord millenniumis,

every few centuries or every few thousand years.

iga paari sajandi järel või iga paari tuhande aasta

järel, kuid siiski tasub selle eest valvel olla.

But it's still something to be aware of.

Well, what do we do about them?

Niisiis, mida me nende vastu teeme?

The first thing we have to do is find them.

Esimene asi, mida me tegema peame, on nad leida.

This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009.

See on pilt asteroidist, mis möödus

meist 2009. aastal

It's right here.

See on täpselt siin.

But you can see that it's extremely faint.

Kuid võite näha, et see on tohutult ähmane.

I don't know if you can see that in the back row.

Ma isegi ei tea, kas te näete seda

These are just stars.

tagumises reas. Need on lihtsalt tähed.

This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,

See on kivikamakas, mis oli umbes 30 jardi lai,

so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska

seega umbes nende suurune, mis lendasid õhku

Tunguska kohal ja tabasid Arizonat 50 000 aastat tagasi.

and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.

These things are faint.

Need asjad on ähmased

They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.

Neid on raske näha ja taevas on tõesti suur.

We have to find these things first.

Me peame need asjad kõigepealt leidma.

Well, the good news is, we're looking for them.

Noh, hea uudis on see, et me otsime neid.

NASA has devoted money to this;

NASA on sellesse raha panustanud.

the National Science Foundation and other countries

Riiklik Teaduse Sihtasutus, teised

riigid on sellest väga huvitatud.

are interested in doing this.

We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.

Me ehitame teleskoope, mis otsivad

ohtu. See on suurepärane esimene samm,

That's a great first step. But what's the second step?

kuid mis on teine samm? Teine samm

The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it.

on see, et kui me näeme ühte meie poole suundumas,

peame me selle peatama. Mida me teeme?

What do we do?

You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis.

Te olete arvatavasti kuulnud asteroidist

Apophis. Kui te veel ei ole, siis kuulete.

If you haven't yet, you will.

If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse,

Kui te olete kuulnud maiade 2012. aasta

you're going to hear about Apophis,

apokalüpsisest, siis kuulete te Apophisest,

because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.

sest te olete kaasatud kõikidesse viimsepäeva

võrgustikesse niikuinii.

(Laughter)

Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.

Apophis on asteroid, mis avastati 2004. aastal.

It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big --

See on umbes 250 jardi lai, seega see on

üsna suur - teate,

bigger than a football stadium.

suurem, kui jalgpallistaadion , ja see

And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029.

möödub Maast 2029. aasta aprillis.

And it's going to pass us so close

Ja see möödub nii lähedalt, et

that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites.

läheb meie ilmasatelliitide

alt läbi.

The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much

Maa külgetõmbejõud painutab selle asja

orbiiti nii palju, et kui see on täpselt paigas,

that if it's just right,

if it passes through this region of space,

kui see läbib selle kosmose ala,

this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole,

selle aedoa -kujulise ala, mida kutsutakse

the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later,

lukuauguks, siis Maa külgetõmbejõud painutab seda

täpselt nii palju, et seitse aastat hiljem

on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --

13. aprillil, mis on reede, ma rõhutan,

aastal 2036 ... (naer)

(Laughter)

you can't plan that kind of stuff --

- selliseid asju ei saa planeerida -

(Laughter)

Apophis is going to hit us.

Apophis tabab meid. Ja see on

And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage.

250 meetrit lai, seega see teeks

uskumatut kahju.

The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole

Hea uudis on see, et võimalus

tegelikult läbida see lukuauk ja

and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly --

meid tabada järgmisel ringil on üks miljonile,

very, very low odds.

umbes - väga, väga väike võimalus, seega mina isiklikult

So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.

ei lama õhtuti ärkvel muretsedes selle pärast.

Ma ei arva, et Apophis on probleem.

I don't think Apophis is a problem.

Tegelikult, on Apophis õnnistus,

In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,

sest see äratas meid nende ohtude

because it woke us up to the dangers of these things.

suhtes üles.

This thing was discovered just a few years ago

See avastati vaid mõned aastad

and could hit us a few years from now.

tagasi ja oleks võinud paari aasta pärast meid tabada.

It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.

See ei taba, kuid annab meile võimaluse uurida

seda sorti asteroide. Tegelikult me ei

We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do,

mõistnud neid lukuauke, kuid

nüüd me mõistame ja tuleb välja,

and it turns out that's really important,

et see on väga oluline, sest kuidas sa

because how do you stop an asteroid like this?

peatad niisugust asteroidi?

Well, let me ask you:

Las ma küsin teilt, mis juhtuks, kui te

What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you?

seisate sõidutee keskel ja auto

suundub teie poole? Mida te teete? Te teete nii.

What do you do?

You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you.

Õigus? Liigute. Auto läheb teist mööda.

But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily,

Kuid me ei saa liigutada Maad, vähemalt mitte

väikse vaevaga, kuid me saame liigutada väikest asteroidi.

but we can move a small asteroid.

And it turns out, we've even done it.

Ja tuleb välja, et me oleme seda isegi teinud.

2005. aastal lennutas NASA sondi,

In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact,

mille nimi oli Sügav Kokkupõrge, mis põrutas-

which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.

põrutas tüki endast komeedi tuuma.

Comets are very much like asteroids.

Komeedid on asteroididele sarnased.

The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way;

Eesmärk ei olnud seda teelt kõrvale lükata.

the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material

Eesmärk oli tekitada kraater, et kaevandada

materjali ja näha mis oli komeedi

and see what was underneath the surface of this comet,

pinnase all, millest me õppisime

which we learned quite a bit about.

üsna palju.

We did move the comet a little tiny bit --

Me liigutasime komeeti õige natukene,

not very much, but that wasn't the point.

mitte väga palju, kuid see polnud asja mõte.

However, think about this:

Kuid siiski, mõelge selle peale.

This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second.

See asi tiirleb ümber päikese kiirusel

10 miili sekundis, 20 miili sekundis.

We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK?

Me tulistasime sondi selle pihta ja tabasime. Olgu?

Kujutage ette, kui raske see pidi olema, ning me tegime seda.

Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.

That means we can do it again.

See tähendab seda, et me suudame seda uuesti teha.

If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us,

Kui me peame, kui me näeme asteroidi, mis tuleb

meie poole, ja see on suunatud otse meile,

and we have two years to go?

ja meil on kaks aastat aega, põmaki! Me tabame seda.

Boom! We hit it.

You know, if you watch the movies --

Teate, kui te olete vaadanud

(Laughter)

filme, siis võite mõelda, et

you might think:

Why don't we use a nuclear weapon?

miks me ei kasuta tuumarelva?

Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.

Noh, sa võid seda üritada, kui ajastus on probleem.

Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,

Sa tulistad selle asja pihta tuumarelva,

you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance,

sa pead selle õhku laskma mõne millisekundi

täpsusega, või muidu sa lihtsalt lased mööda.

or else you'll miss it.

And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do.

Ja seal on palju teisi probleeme

Seda on väga raske teha.

But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.

Kuid lihtsalt millegile pihta saamine? See on üsna lihtne.

I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.

Ma arvan, et isegi NASA suudaks seda teha,

ja nad tõestasid et nad saavad. (naer)

(Laughter)

The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,

Probleem on selles, et mis juhtub, kui sa tabad

asteroidi, sa oled muutnud orbiiti,

you measure the orbit,

then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,

sa mõõdad orbiidi ära ja siis leiad,

et me oleme selle just lükanud lukuauku,

and now it's going to hit us in three years.

ja nüüd see tabab meid kolme aasta pärast.

Well, my opinion is: fine!

Noh, minu arvamus on, hästi.

It's not hitting us in six months --

See ei taba meid kuue kuu pärast. See on hea.

that's good.

Now we have three years to do something else.

Nüüd on meil kolm aastat teha midagi muud.

And you can hit it again.

Ja sa võid seda uuesti tabada. See on natuke

That's kind of ham-fisted;

lohakas. Sa võid selle lükata kolmandasse

you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever,

lukuauku või midaiganes, seega sa ei tee seda.

so you don't do that.

Ja see osa, seda osa ma lihtsalt armastan.

And this is the part --

it's the part I just love.

(Laughter)

(naer)

After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face,"

Pärast suurt latakat, kui me oleme

seda asja näkku tabanud,

toome me mängu velvetist kindad

then we bring in the velvet gloves.

(naer)

(Laughter)

There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts,

On grupp teadlasi ja insenere

ja astronaute, ning nad kutsuvad ennast

and they call themselves The B612 Foundation.

B612 ühenduseks. Need, kes teist

For those of you who've read "The Little Prince,"

on lugenud ''Väikest Printsi,''

you understand that reference, I hope --

saavad aru selle tähendusest, ma loodan. Väike Prints,

the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612.

elas asteroidil, mille nimi oli B612.

These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers.

Need on targad tüübid - mehed ja naised -

astronaudid, nagu ma ütlesin, insenerid.

Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this.

Rusty Schweickart, kes oli Apollo 9

astronaut, on seal. Dan Durda, mu sõber,

Dan Durda, my friend who made this image,

kes tegi selle pildi, töötab siin

works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street.

Soutwest Research Instituudis Boulderis,

Walnut -i tänaval. Tema lõi selle pildi,

He created this image for this.

ning ta on tegelikult üks astronoome,

He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them.

kes töötab nende heaks. Kui me näeme asteroidi,

If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth

mis tabab Maad ja meil on

and we have enough time,

piisavalt aega, siis saame me seda tabada, et liigutada see

we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.

paremale orbiidile. Ning siis läkitame me

But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.

sondi, mis peab kaaluma paar tonni.

See ei pea olema hiiglaslik - mõned tonnid,

It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big --

mitte väga suur - ja sa pargid selle asteroidi lähedale.

and you park it near the asteroid.

You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end.

Sa ei maandu sellele, sest need asjad

trummeldavad ringi. Neile on väga raske maanduda.

It's very hard to land on them.

Instead you get near it.

Selle asemel lähed sa selle lähedale.

The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,

Asteroidi gravitatsioon tõmbab sondi enda poole,

and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.

ning sondi mass on paar tonni.

It has a little tiny bit of gravity,

Sellel on natukene külgetõmbejõudu, kuid see on piisav,

but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid,

et tõmmata enda poole asteroidi, ning sul on

and you have your rocket set up --

raketid üles seatud, te võite vaevalt

you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes --

näha seda siin, kuid seal on raketid - ja

põhimõtteliselt, need kutid on seotud oma

and these guys are connected by their own gravity,

gravitatsiooni poolt, ning kui sa liigutad sondi väga

and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently,

aeglaselt, väga, väga õrnalt, saad sa kerge vaevaga

you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.

kavaldada selle kivi turvalisele orbiidile.

Sa saad isegi panna selle orbiidile ümber Maa,

You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it,

kus me saaksime seda kaevandada, kuigi see on

although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.

hoopis teine asi. Ma ei hakka sellese süvenema.

(naer)

(Laughter)

But we'd be rich!

Kuid me oleksime rikkad!

(Laughter)

(naer)

So think about this, right?

Niisis mõelge sellele,

neid hiiglaslikke kive lendleb ringi,

There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us,

ja nad tabavad meid, ja nad teevad

and they're doing damage to us.

meile kahju, kuid me oleme välja mõelnud, kuidas seda

But we've figured out how to do this,

teha, ning kõik tükid selle tegemiseks on paigas.

and all the pieces are in place to do this.

We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them.

Meil on paigas astronoomid teleskoopidega

neid otsimas. Meil on targad inimesed,

We have very, very smart people,

väga, väga targad inimesed, kes on mures

who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem,

selle pärast ja nuputamas välja, kuidas seda probleemi

lahendada, ning meil on selle tegemiseks tehnoloogia.

and we have the technology to do this.

This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.

See sond ei saa tegelikult kasutada keemilisi rakette.

Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push.

Keemilised raketid tekitavad liiga palju tõukejõudu, liiga

palju lüket. Sond lendaks lihtsalt ära.

The probe would just shoot away.

Me leiutasime midagi ioonajami nimelist,

We invented something called an ion drive,

mis on väga, väga, väga madala tõukega mootor.

which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.

It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand --

See toodab jõu, mis paberilehel oleks

sinu käes, uskumatult vähe,

incredibly light, but it can run for months and years,

kuid see suudab kulgeda kuid ja aastaid,

pakkudes seda väga õrna tõuget.

providing that very gentle push.

If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"

Kui keegi siit on algupärase ''Star Treki'' fänn,

siis nad jooksid üle tulnukalaeva, millel oli

they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive,

ioonajam, ning Spock lausus:

and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated.

''Nad on tehniliselt väga kõrgetasemelised.

They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."

Nad on sadu aastaid meist ees selle ajamiga.''

Jah, meil on see ioonajam nüüd. (naer)

Yeah, we have an ion drive now.

We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.

Meil ei ole Enterprise -i, kuid

meil on nüüd ioonajam.

(Laughter)

(applaus)

(Applause)

Spock.

Spock.

(Laughter)

(naer)

So ...

Niisiis ...

That's the difference --

see ongi vahe, see ongi vahe

that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs.

meie ja dinosauruste vahel.

This happened to them.

Nendega juhtus see.

It doesn't have to happen to us.

See ei pea meiega juhtuma.

The difference between the dinosaurs and us

Meie ja dinosauruste vahe on see,

is that we have a space program

et meil on kosmoseprogramm

ja me saame hääletada,

and we can vote,

and so we can change our future.

seega me saame muuta oma tulevikku.

(Laughter)

(naer)

We have the ability to change our future.

Meil on võime muuta oma tulevikku.

Sixty-five million years from now,

65 millioni aasta pärast

we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum.

ei kogu meie luud

muuseumis tolmu.

Thank you very much.

Suur aitäh.

(Applause)

(Applaus)