Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids

148,703 views ใƒป 2011-11-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Mike Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Poram Lee
00:16
I want to talk to you about something
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ํฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
00:18
kind of big.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
We'll start here.
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์Œ... ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์‹œ์ ์€...
00:24
Sixty-five million years ago --
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6,500๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „...... ๊ณต๋ฃก๋“ค์€
00:26
(Laughter)
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00:27
the dinosaurs had a bad day.
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์ฐธ ์žฌ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
00:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:33
A chunk of rock six miles across,
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ํญ์ด 6 ๋งˆ์ผ[*์—ญ: ์•ฝ 10km] ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:36
moving something like 50 times the speed of a rifle bullet,
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๋ผ์ดํ”Œ ์ด์•Œ์˜ 50๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋˜๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ
์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„์™€์„œ
00:40
slammed into the Earth.
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์ถฉ๋Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
It released its energy all at once,
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๊ทธ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—
00:44
and it was an explosion that was mind-numbing.
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๋ถ„์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชปํ• 
ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:48
If you took every nuclear weapon ever built
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ƒ‰์ „์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
00:51
at the height of the Cold War,
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00:52
lumped them together,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ญ‰์นœ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:54
and blew them up at the same time,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ„ฐํŠธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
00:56
that would be one one-millionth of the energy released at that moment.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ ์šด์„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜
๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ ์ •๋„์˜ ์œ„๋ ฅ ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
The dinosaurs had a really bad day.
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๊ณต๋ฃก๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ง„~์งœ๋กœ ์žฌ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:05
OK?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
01:06
Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.
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์ž, ํญ 10km์˜ ๋Œ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ํฌ์ฃ .
01:09
We all live here in Boulder.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณผ๋”์—[*์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ, Boulder] ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
If you look out your window and see Longs Peak --
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ–์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋กฑ์Šค ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ [*๋กœํ‚ค์‚ฐ๋งฅ์˜ ์‚ฐ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜]
01:13
you're probably familiar with it --
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๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ด์ฃ .
01:14
now, scoop up Longs Peak and put it out in space.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฐ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:17
Take ... Meeker, Mt. Meeker.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋„์›Œ๋†“์์‹œ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ปค, ๋ฏธ์ปค์‚ฐ[*๋กฑ์Šคํ”ผํฌ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์— ์žˆ์Œ] ์—ญ์‹œ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:20
Lump that in there, and put that in space as well.
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ญ‰์ณ๋†“์ฃ .
01:23
And Mt. Everest. And K2.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฐ์ด๋ž‘ K2๋„,
์ธ๋””์–ธ ํ”ฝ์Šค๋„[*์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ๋‚ด์˜ ๋กœํ‚ค์‚ฐ๋งฅ ๋‚จ๋ถ€] ๋ญ‰์น˜์ฃ 
01:26
And the Indian peaks.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํญ 10km ๋Œ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:28
Then you're starting to get an idea of how much rock we're talking about, OK?
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ์ด ์˜ค์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
We know it was that big
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋‚จ๊ธด
01:33
because of the impact it had and the crater it left.
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
It hit in what we now know as Yucatan, the Gulf of Mexico.
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๊ทธ ์šด์„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์œ ์นดํƒ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์— ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
You can see here, there's the Yucatan Peninsula,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๋™์ชฝ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์—
์ฝ”์ฆˆ๋ฉœ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ . ์ €๊ฒƒ์ด
01:42
if you recognize Cozumel off the east coast there.
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์œ ์นดํƒ„ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
Here is how big of a crater was left.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
It was huge.
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01:48
To give you a sense of the scale ... there you go.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜์ฃ . ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ•์ฒ™์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฉด,
์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ถ•์ฒ™์€ ์œ„์— ํ•œ ์นธ์€
01:51
The scale here is 50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers on the bottom.
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50๋งˆ์ผ[*80km]์ด๊ณ , ์•„๋ž˜ ์นธ์€ 100km์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ € ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํญ์€ 300km์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
This thing was 300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --
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๋งˆ์ผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฉด 200๋งˆ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
01:58
an enormous crater that excavated out vast amounts of earth
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์—์„œ
๋‚˜์˜จ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
02:02
that splashed around the globe and set fires all over the planet,
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๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ๋ถ„์ง„์œผ๋กœ
02:06
threw up enough dust to block out the sun.
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๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฑ„์›Œ์„œ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:09
It wiped out 75 percent of all species on Earth.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ข…์˜ 75%๊ฐ€
๋ฉธ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:13
Now, not all asteroids are that big.
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์ž, ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Some of them are smaller.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์ฃ .
02:18
Here is one that came in
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์ด ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ 1992๋…„ 10์›”์—
02:21
over the United States in October of 1992.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒ๊ณต์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜
์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
It came in on a Friday night.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋‚ ์€ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
02:27
Why is that important?
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๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์ธ ๊ฒŒ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:28
Because back then, video cameras were just starting to become popular,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€
๋ง‰ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ ,
02:32
and parents would bring them to their kids' football games
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์ด๋‚  ์ž๋…€์˜ ๊ธˆ์š” ํ’‹๋ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด
์ดฌ์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์„œ
02:36
to film their kids playing football.
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๊ฐ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋•์—,
02:38
And since this came in on a Friday,
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02:40
they were able to get this great footage of this thing breaking up
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์›จ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„,
๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ, ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ
02:44
as it came in over West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey
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๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋‰ด์š•์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:47
until it did that
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02:48
to a car in New York.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
02:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:52
Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,
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์ด๊ฑด 200๋งˆ์ผ์งœ๋ฆฌ[*์•ฝ 320km] ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
but then again, you can see the rock, which is sitting right here,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžŒ ์šด์„์€
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋„ค์š”, ์ด ๋ฏธ์‹ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๊ณต ๋งŒํ•œ
02:59
about the size of a football,
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์šด์„์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋ฉด,
03:00
that hit that car and did that damage.
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์ด ์ •๋„์˜ ์œ„๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
Now, this thing was probably about the size of a school bus
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์›๋ž˜ ์ด ์šด์„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š”
03:05
when it first came in.
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ํ†ตํ•™๋ฒ„์Šค๋งŒ ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
It broke up through atmospheric pressure,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
03:08
it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart
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๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ , ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ ธ์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜
03:11
and did some damage.
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ํ”ผํ•ด๋งŒ ์ž…ํžŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:12
Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot or your head,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฐœ๋“ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งค์šฐ
03:16
because it would do that to it.
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03:17
That would be bad.
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์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:19
But it won't wipe out, you know, all life on Earth, so that's fine.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ •๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ
์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ
03:23
But it turns out, you don't need something six miles across
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๋น„๋‹จ 10km ์ •๋„์˜ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๋งŒ์ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ
03:26
to do a lot of damage.
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์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
There is a median point between tiny rock and gigantic rock,
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์ž‘์€ ๋Œ๊ณผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋Œ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ฐ’ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:31
and in fact, if any of you have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ ์œˆ์Šฌ๋กœ์šฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:35
there is a crater in the desert there that is so iconic
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์›Œ๋‚™
๋…ํŠนํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์„ฑ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
03:39
that it is actually called "Meteor Crater."
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03:41
To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ด๊ฑด ์•ฝ 1.6km ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
03:44
If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,
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์œ„์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:48
and those are recreational vehicles right there.
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์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ €์šฉ ์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์ฐจ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ฃ .
03:51
So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.
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์ €๊ฑด ํญ์ด 1.6km ์ •๋„์— ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” 200m ์ •๋„์—์š”.
03:54
The object that formed this was probably about 30 to 50 yards across,
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์ € ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šด์„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
30์—์„œ 50์•ผ๋“œ[*์•ฝ 27~45m] ์ •๋„๋กœ, ๋Œ€๋žต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:59
so roughly the size of Macky Auditorium here.
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์ด ๋งฅํ‚ค[*Mackey] ๊ฐ•๋‹น ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
04:03
It came in at speeds that were tremendous,
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๊ทธ ์šด์„์€ ์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„์™€์„œ,
04:06
slammed into the ground, blew up,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜€์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋žต 20 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํ†ค
04:08
and exploded with the energy of roughly a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --
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๊ธ‰์˜ ํ•ตํญํƒ„์˜ ์œ„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ„ฐ์กŒ์ฃ .
20 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํ†ค์ด๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ํ•ตํญํƒ„์— ์†ํ•ด์š”.
04:12
a very hefty bomb.
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ํฐ ํ•ตํญํƒ„์— ์†ํ•ด์š”.
04:13
This was 50,000 years ago,
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์ด๊ฑด 5๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์•„๋งˆ
04:15
so it may have wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŽ„๋กœ๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘๋“ค ๋˜๋Š”
04:18
or something like that out in the desert,
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๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋ชฐ์‚ด์‹œ์ผฐ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:21
but it probably would not have caused global devastation.
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์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋Š”
์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
It turns out that these things don't have to hit the ground
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šด์„๋“ค์€ ๊ผญ ๋•…์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ๋งŒ
ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
04:28
to do a lot of damage.
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04:30
Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the Tunguska region --
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1908๋…„๋„์— ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ
ํ‰๊ตฌ์Šค์นด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์—
04:34
for those of you who are Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"
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๋Œ„ ์• ํฌ๋กœ์ด๋“œ[*Dan Aykroyd: ๊ณ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฒ„์Šคํ„ฐ์ฆˆ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€์ด์ž ๋ฐฐ์šฐ]์˜ ํŒฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ณ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฒ„์Šคํ„ฐ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ
๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ 1909๋…„์— ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„
04:37
when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift
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์ฐจ์› ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ„์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ํ…๋ฐ์š”. ์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ 1909๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
04:40
since the Siberia blast of 1909,
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04:42
where he got the date wrong, but that's OK.
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์ž˜๋ชป ๋งžํ˜”์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:44
(Laughter)
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” 1908๋…„์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ , ๋ญ.
04:45
It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:48
(Laughter)
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04:50
Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šด์„์€
04:53
and this one blew up above the ground,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์œ„ ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ
04:55
several miles up above the surface of the Earth.
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ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
The heat from the explosion set fire to the forest below it,
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๊ทธ ํญ๋ฐœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ˆฒ์€ ํ™”์žฌ์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์ด๊ณ 
ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด์„œ
05:02
and then the shock wave came down and knocked down trees
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์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐฉ ๋งˆ์ผ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„
05:06
for hundreds of square miles.
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๋ชจ์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ๋œจ๋ ค ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์ง€์š”.
05:08
This did a huge amount of damage.
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๊ทธ ์šด์„์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
And again, this was a rock probably roughly the size
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์šด์„์€ ๋Œ€๋žต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:13
of this auditorium that we're sitting in.
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์ด ๊ฐ•๋‹น ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
In Meteor Crater, it was made of metal,
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์œ ์„ฑ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์šด์„์€
05:17
and metal is much tougher, so it made it to the ground.
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๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ธˆ์†์€ ๋” ํŠผํŠผํ•ด์„œ
๋•…๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:20
The one over Tunguska was probably made of rock,
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ํ‰๊ตฌ์Šค์นด๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„์˜จ ์šด์„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋Œ๋กœ
05:22
and that's much more crumbly, so it blew up in the air.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ถ€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ 
05:25
Either way, these are tremendous explosions -- 20 megatons.
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๊ณต์ค‘์—์„œ ํ„ฐ์ง„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์–ด์ฐŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋“  ๊ทธ ๋˜ํ•œ
20 ๋ฉ”๊ฐ€ํ†ค ํ•ตํญํƒ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:30
Now, when these things blow up,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์šด์„์ด ํ„ฐ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋Š”
05:32
they're not going to do global ecological damage.
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์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
They're not going to do something like the dinosaur killer did.
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๊ณต๋ฃก์„ ๋ฉธ์ข…์‹œํ‚จ ๊ธ‰์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š”
์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ฃ .
05:39
They're just not big enough.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋” ์ปค์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
05:40
But they will do global economic damage,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ '๊ฒฝ์ œํ”ผํ•ด'๋Š” ์ž…ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:43
because they don't have to hit, necessarily,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ”ผํ•ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด '๋ฉธ์ข…๊ธ‰ ํ”ผํ•ด'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ
05:45
to do this kind of damage.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:47
They don't have to do global devastation.
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์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํ”ผํ•ด๋งŒ์ด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:49
If one of these things were to hit pretty much anywhere,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋“ 
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ณตํฌ์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
it would cause a panic.
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05:53
But if it came over a city, an important city --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋„์‹œ, ๊ฝค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด,
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์–ด๋Š ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
05:56
not that any city is more important than others,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ
05:58
but some of them we depend on more on the global economic basis --
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์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜์กดํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
06:01
that could do a huge amount of damage to us as a civilization.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ
ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
So, now that I've scared the crap out of you --
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์ž... ์ด์ œ ์ž”๋œฉ ๊ฒ๋“ค์„ ๋จน์œผ์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ...
06:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:11
what can we do about this?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:13
This is a potential threat.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:15
Let me note that we have not had a giant impact like the dinosaur killer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ฃก๋ฉธ์ข…๊ธ‰์˜ ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ๊ฒŒ
์ด๋ฏธ 6,500๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
for 65 million years.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:21
They're very rare.
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06:23
The smaller ones happen more often,
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์ž‘์€ ์šด์„์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ
06:25
but probably on the order of a millennium,
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:27
every few centuries or every few thousand years.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:31
But it's still something to be aware of.
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06:33
Well, what do we do about them?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
06:34
The first thing we have to do is find them.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
This is an image of an asteroid that passed us in 2009.
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์ด๊ฑด 2009๋…„์— ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜
์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
It's right here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:42
But you can see that it's extremely faint.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์ฃ .
06:45
I don't know if you can see that in the back row.
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๋’ค์— ์•‰์•„ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
06:47
These are just stars.
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์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž‘์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ„๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
06:49
This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,
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์ด ์šด์„์€ ์•ฝ 25๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ,
06:51
so roughly the size of the ones that blew up over Tunguska
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ํ‰๊ตฌ์Šค์นด์˜ ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœํ•œ ์šด์„์ด๋‚˜
5๋งŒ ๋…„ ์ „ ์•„๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜์— ์ถฉ๋Œํ•œ ์šด์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
06:54
and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.
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06:56
These things are faint.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์• ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•ด์š”.
06:57
They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.
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์ž˜ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋„“์ฃ .
07:00
We have to find these things first.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์• ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Well, the good news is, we're looking for them.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:04
NASA has devoted money to this;
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ [*NASA: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ] ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:06
the National Science Foundation and other countries
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๊ณผํ•™ ์žฌ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
are interested in doing this.
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07:10
We're building telescopes that are looking for the threat.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ๋„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
That's a great first step. But what's the second step?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์€? ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
07:16
The second step is if we see one heading toward us, we have to stop it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋…€์„์ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
07:19
What do we do?
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07:20
You've probably heard about the asteroid Apophis.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์•„ํฌํ”ผ์Šค[*Apophis]๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ๋ชป ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
If you haven't yet, you will.
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07:25
If you've heard about the Mayan 2012 apocalypse,
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๋งˆ์•ผ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ 2012๋…„ ์ข…๋ง๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:27
you're going to hear about Apophis,
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'์ตœํ›„์˜ ์‹ฌํŒ' ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„์ผ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
07:29
because you're keyed in to all the doomsday networks, anyway.
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์ด ์•„ํฌํ”ผ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
(Laughter)
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07:34
Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.
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์•„ํฌํ”ผ์Šค๋Š” 2004๋…„๋„์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ,
07:37
It's roughly 250 [meters] across, so it's pretty big --
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ํญ์ด 250์•ผ๋“œ[*์•ฝ 230m]๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งค์šฐ, ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌ์ฃ .
07:41
bigger than a football stadium.
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๋ฏธ์‹์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ , 2029๋…„ 4์›”์—
07:43
And it's going to pass by the Earth in April of 2029.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜†์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:47
And it's going to pass us so close
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์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ
07:49
that it's actually going to come underneath our weather satellites.
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์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ, ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์œ„์„ฑ
์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit of this thing so much
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์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜
์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
07:56
that if it's just right,
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07:58
if it passes through this region of space,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๋•ํƒ์—, ์ € ์ฝฉํŒฅ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜
08:00
this kidney-bean-shaped region called the keyhole,
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'์—ด์‡ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ'[*key-hole]์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
08:03
the Earth's gravity will bend it just enough that seven years later,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์ ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ ค์„œ
์ •ํ™•ํžˆ 7๋…„ ํ›„์—์˜ 4์›” 13์ผ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ...
08:07
on April 13 -- which is a Friday, I'll note -- in the year 2036 --
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋”ฑ 13์ผ์˜ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2036๋…„ 4์›” 13์ผ... (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:11
(Laughter)
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08:12
you can't plan that kind of stuff --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
(Laughter)
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08:15
Apophis is going to hit us.
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์•„ํฌํ”ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And it's 250 meters across, so it would do unbelievable damage.
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ํญ์ด 250๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ •๋ง ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชปํ• 
ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
08:21
The good news is that the odds of it actually passing through this keyhole
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์€, ์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ '์—ด์‡  ๊ตฌ๋ฉ'์„
์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ
08:24
and hitting us next go-around are one in a million, roughly --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:27
very, very low odds.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:29
So I personally am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.
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๋ฐค์— ์ด ๊ฑฑ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž ์„ ๋ชป ์ž๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„ํฌํ”ผ์Šค๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
I don't think Apophis is a problem.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์•„ํฌํ”ผ์Šค๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅํ•œ ์ถ•๋ณต์ด์—์š”.
08:34
In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:36
because it woke us up to the dangers of these things.
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๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:39
This thing was discovered just a few years ago
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์ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์ด๊ณ ,
08:41
and could hit us a few years from now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋”ชํžŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„์ฃ .
08:43
It won't, but it gives us a chance to study these kinds of asteroids.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ถฉ๋Œ์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
08:46
We didn't really necessarily understand these keyholes, and now we do,
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์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ . ํŠนํžˆ '์—ด์‡ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ'์ด๋ž€ ๋†ˆ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€
๋ชปํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:50
and it turns out that's really important,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
08:52
because how do you stop an asteroid like this?
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์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:55
Well, let me ask you:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ธธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
08:56
What happens if you're standing in the road and a car's headed for you?
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์„œ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด์„œ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”
์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:00
What do you do?
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09:01
You do this. Right? Move, and the car goes past you.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก์š”.
09:03
But we can't move the Earth, at least not easily,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
์ ์–ด๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์š”.
09:06
but we can move a small asteroid.
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09:07
And it turns out, we've even done it.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
2005๋…„์— ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋”ฅ์ž„ํŒฉํŠธ[*Deep Impact]๋ผ๋Š” ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„
09:10
In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe called Deep Impact,
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๋„์›Œ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ๋“ค์ด๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ,
09:14
which slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.
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์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
09:18
Comets are very much like asteroids.
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด์š”
09:20
The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way;
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ทธ ํ˜œ์„ฑ์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ.
09:22
the purpose was to make a crater to excavate the material
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์— ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„
์–ป์–ด๋‚ด์–ด ํ˜œ์„ฑ์˜ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
09:25
and see what was underneath the surface of this comet,
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๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:28
which we learned quite a bit about.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
We did move the comet a little tiny bit --
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ํ˜œ์„ฑ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์›€์ง์—ฌ๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:32
not very much, but that wasn't the point.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:34
However, think about this:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:36
This thing is orbiting the Sun at 10, 20 miles per second.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋†ˆ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ ค ์ดˆ๋‹น 10๋งˆ์ผ, 20๋งˆ์ผ์— ๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [*์ดˆ์† 16, 32km]
09:40
We shot a space probe at it and hit it, OK?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๋„์›Œ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์ผ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:43
Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.
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09:45
That means we can do it again.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋˜ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:47
If we see an asteroid that's coming toward us, headed right for us,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๋Š”
์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง 2๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š”
09:51
and we have two years to go?
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋นต! ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:53
Boom! We hit it.
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09:54
You know, if you watch the movies --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€,
09:57
(Laughter)
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
09:58
you might think:
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09:59
Why don't we use a nuclear weapon?
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"๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•ตํญํƒ„์„ ์จ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€?"
10:01
Well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.
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๋„ค, ๋ฌผ๋ก ... ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํ•ตํญํƒ„์„ ์œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:05
you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds of tolerance,
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์ง„์งœ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ ์ดˆ
์•ˆ์— ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
or else you'll miss it.
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10:09
And there are a lot of other problems with that; it's very hard to do.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
ํ•ตํญํƒ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
I think even NASA can do that, and proved that they can.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋Š” NASA๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ฑ”๋“ค๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๊ณ ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
10:18
(Laughter)
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10:19
The problem is, if you hit this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„
๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๊ฐ€
10:22
you measure the orbit,
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10:23
then you find out, oh yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,
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๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ,
"์˜ค, ๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์‡ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋„ค.
10:26
and now it's going to hit us in three years.
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์ด์ œ 3๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ๊ตฌ๋‚˜!" ์ด๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ 
10:28
Well, my opinion is: fine!
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๋ญ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ์•„์ง ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
10:30
It's not hitting us in six months --
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๋‹น์žฅ 6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
10:32
that's good.
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10:33
Now we have three years to do something else.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 3๋…„์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:36
And you can hit it again.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋งค์šฐ ์„œํˆฌ๋ฅธ
10:38
That's kind of ham-fisted;
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์ง“์ด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ '์—ด์‡ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ'์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:39
you might just push it into a third keyhole or whatever,
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๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
so you don't do that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š”... ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:43
And this is the part --
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10:45
it's the part I just love.
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10:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:48
After the big macho "Grr ... bam! We're gonna hit this thing in the face,"
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์ด ๋งˆ์ดˆ์ ์ธ "์šฐ๋ฅด๋ฆ‰... ๋นต! ์ด ๋…€์„ ์–ผ๊ตด์„
ํ•œ๋ฐฉ ์ณ์ค˜์•ผ์ง€!" ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—… ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š”
์ด ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
then we bring in the velvet gloves.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:56
(Laughter)
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10:58
There's a group of scientists and engineers and astronauts,
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B612 ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋ถ™์€ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณผํ•™์ž, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด, ์šฐ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ๋ฐ.
11:01
and they call themselves The B612 Foundation.
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"์–ด๋ฆฐ์™•์ž"๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
11:03
For those of you who've read "The Little Prince,"
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์žฌ๋‹จ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ
11:05
you understand that reference, I hope --
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์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์–ด๋ฆฐ์™•์ž'๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜
11:07
the little prince lived on an asteroid called B612.
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์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด B612๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:10
These are smart guys -- men and women -- astronauts, like I said, engineers.
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์ด ์žฌ๋‹จ์—๋Š” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ
๋‚จ๋…€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
11:14
Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9 astronaut, is on this.
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์•„ํด๋กœ 9ํ˜ธ์— ํƒ‘์Šนํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ ์Šˆ๋ฐ”์ด์นด๋ฅดํŠธ[*Rusty Schweickart]๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋Œ„ ๋‘๋ฅด๋‹ค[*Dan Durda]๋Š”
11:17
Dan Durda, my friend who made this image,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณผ๋”์˜ ์›”๋„›๊ฐ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:19
works here at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, on Walnut Street.
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๋ฏธ ๋‚จ์„œ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
11:23
He created this image for this.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฒœ์ฒด ๊ณผํ•™์ž ์ค‘
11:25
He's actually one of the astronomers who works for them.
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ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด์ฃ . ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:27
If we see an asteroid that's going to hit the Earth
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์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:30
and we have enough time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ถค๋„๋กœ
11:32
we can hit it to move it into a better orbit.
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์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ›„์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 1, 2ํ†ค ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š”
11:34
But then what we do is launch a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.
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ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋งค์šฐ ํด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ•œ 2ํ†ค ์ •๋„๋งŒ,
11:39
It doesn't have to be huge -- a couple of tons, not that big --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•ด ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
and you park it near the asteroid.
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11:44
You don't land on it, because these things are tumbling end over end.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค์€
์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
11:47
It's very hard to land on them.
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11:48
Instead you get near it.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ด ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:52
and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.
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์ด ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์€ ํ•œ๋‘ ํ†ค ์ •๋„์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:54
It has a little tiny bit of gravity,
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์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝํ•œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„
11:56
but it's enough that it can pull the asteroid,
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๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ 
11:59
and you have your rocket set up --
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๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ์‹œ๋™์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์‚ด์ง ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
12:01
you can barely see it here, but there's rocket plumes --
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์ €๊ฒŒ ๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ด ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด
12:04
and these guys are connected by their own gravity,
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ, ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:07
and if you move the probe very slowly -- very, very gently,
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์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์‚ด์ง์‚ด์ง ๋Œ๋ ค์˜ฌ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํฐ ๋Œ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
12:10
you can very easily finesse that rock into a safe orbit.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ถค๋„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋„๋ก ๊ถค์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
12:16
You can even put in orbit around the Earth where we could mine it,
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๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ
12:19
although that's a whole other thing; I won't go into that.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:22
(Laughter)
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12:23
But we'd be rich!
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€~์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ !
12:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:30
So think about this, right?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ € ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋Œ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
There are these giant rocks flying out there, and they're hitting us,
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ
12:36
and they're doing damage to us.
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์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
12:37
But we've figured out how to do this,
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๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:39
and all the pieces are in place to do this.
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12:41
We have astronomers with telescopes, looking for them.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์„
์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ
12:45
We have very, very smart people,
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์ธ์žฌ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
12:47
who are concerned about this and figuring out how to fix the problem,
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์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ณ ,
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
and we have the technology to do this.
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12:52
This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋กœ์ผ“์„
12:54
Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too much push.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋กœ์ผ“์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํƒ์‚ฌ์„  ํ˜ผ์ž ํ›… ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:57
The probe would just shoot away.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์•„์ด์˜จ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
We invented something called an ion drive,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด์ฃ .
13:01
which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.
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13:03
It generates the force a piece of paper would have on your hand --
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์ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์—„์ฒญ ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์†์—
์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:07
incredibly light, but it can run for months and years,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›”, ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ
์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
13:11
providing that very gentle push.
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13:13
If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋‚  "์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ž™" [*๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์œ ๋ช… SF ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ]
ํŒฌ์ด ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด์˜จ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ
13:16
they ran across an alien ship that had an ion drive,
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์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , [*์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ž™ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ] ์ŠคํŒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
13:18
and Spock said, "They're very technically sophisticated.
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"์ด ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."
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์•„์ด์˜จ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐฑ ๋…„๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ์•ž์„  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์—์š”."
์˜ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ด์ œ ์•„์ด์˜จ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
13:24
Yeah, we have an ion drive now.
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13:25
We don't have the Enterprise, but we've got an ion drive now.
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์•„์ง ์—”ํ„ฐํ”„๋ผ์ด์ฆˆํ˜ธ๋Š” [*์Šคํƒ€ํŠธ๋ž™ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ] ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
์ด์ œ ์•„์ด์˜จ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
13:28
(Laughter)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:30
(Applause)
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13:32
Spock.
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์ŠคํŒ.
13:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:36
So ...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ...
13:39
That's the difference --
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด์—์š”.
13:40
that's the difference between us and the dinosaurs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ฃก์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ .
13:43
This happened to them.
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๊ณต๋ฃก๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
13:45
It doesn't have to happen to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
The difference between the dinosaurs and us
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๊ณต๋ฃก๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
13:50
is that we have a space program
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์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
ํˆฌํ‘œ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:53
and we can vote,
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13:54
and so we can change our future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:58
We have the ability to change our future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
Sixty-five million years from now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6,500๋งŒ ๋…„ ํ›„์—
14:02
we don't have to have our bones collecting dust in a museum.
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๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ๊ณจ์—
๋จผ์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ“์—ฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:06
Thank you very much.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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