Magical houses, made of bamboo | Elora Hardy

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

When I was nine years old,

Kada mi je bilo devet godina,

my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like,

majka me je upitala kakvu bih kuću želela da imam

and I drew this fairy mushroom.

i ja sam nacrtala ovu vilenjačku pečurku.

And then she actually built it.

A ona ju je potom stvarno sagradila.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time,

Mislim da tada nisam bila svesna koliko je ovo neobično,

and maybe I still haven't,

možda ni danas nisam,

because I'm still designing houses.

jer i dalje dizajniram kuće.

This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali.

Ovo je ugovorena šestospratnica na ostrvu Bali.

It's built almost entirely from bamboo.

Skoro da je u potpunosti sagrađena od bambusa.

The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor.

Dnevni boravak na četvrtom spratu ima pogled na dolinu.

You enter the house by a bridge.

Ulazite u kuću preko mosta.

It can get hot in the tropics,

U tropskim delovima može da bude toplo,

so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes.

zato pravimo visoke, zakrivljene krovove koji hvataju povetarce.

But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in

Ali neke sobe imaju visoke prozore da bi zadržavali klimatizovan vazduh unutra,

and the bugs out.

a bube spolja.

This room we left open.

Ovu smo sobu ostavili nepokrivenom.

We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.

Napravili smo klimatizovan krevet, ispod šatora.

And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room.

A jedna klijentkinja je želela sobu za TV u uglu svog dnevnog boravka.

Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right,

Ograđivanje prostora visokim zidovima, prosto se nije činilo pravilnim,

so instead, we made this giant woven pod.

pa smo umesto toga napravili ovu džinovsku, pletenu ljusku.

Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms.

Sad, imamo sav neophodni luksuz, poput kupatila.

This one is a basket in the corner of the living room,

Ovaj je u vidu korpe, u uglu dnevnog boravka

and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it.

i moram da vam kažem da ga neki ljudi nerado koriste.

We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation.

Nismo još do kraja razradili problem zvučne izolacije.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So there are lots of things that we're still working on,

Dakle, ima još mnogo stvari na kojima još uvek radimo,

but one thing I have learned

ali nešto sam naučila

is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.

da je bambus zahvalan materijal, ako ga pravilno koristite.

It's actually a wild grass.

To je zapravo divlja trava.

It grows on otherwise unproductive land --

Raste na inače jalovoj zemlji -

deep ravines, mountainsides.

u dubokim jarugama, na planinskim padinama.

It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight,

Hrani se kišnicom, izvorskom vodom, sunčevom svetlošću

and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world,

i od 1450 vrsta bambusa koje rastu širom sveta,

we use just seven of them.

koristimo samo njih sedam.

That's my dad.

Ovo je moj otac.

He's the one who got me building with bamboo,

Zbog njega se bavim izgradnjom od bambusa,

and he is standing in a clump

a on stoji okružen stablima

of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago.

dendrokalamus asper nigera, koga je posadio pre samo sedam godina.

Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots.

Svake godine iz njega izraste nova generacija izdanaka.

That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week,

Videli smo baš prošle nedelje, izdanak koji je izrastao metar za tri dana,

so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.

dakle, govorimo o održivoj građi za tri godine.

Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps.

Otkupljujemo građu iz stotina porodičnih gajeva.

Betung, as we call it, it's really long,

Betung, kako ga zovemo, veoma je dug,

up to 18 meters of usable length.

do 18 metara upotrebljive dužine.

Try getting that truck down the mountain.

Pokušajte da spustite taj kamion niz planinu.

And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel,

I jak je: ima snagu istegljivosti, poput čelika,

the compressive strength of concrete.

kompresivnu snagu betona.

Slam four tons straight down on a pole,

Izvršite udar od četiri tone direktno na stubac

and it can take it.

i on će odoleti.

Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,

Jer je šupalj, jer je lak,

light enough to be lifted by just a few men,

dovoljno lak da ga može podići svega nekoliko ljudi,

or, apparently, one woman.

ili, očito, jedna žena.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smeh) (Aplauz)

And when my father built Green School in Bali,

A kada je moj otac sagradio Zelenu školu na Baliju,

he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus,

izabrao je bambus za sve zgrade na kampusu

because he saw it as a promise.

jer mu je delovao obećavajuće.

It's a promise to the kids.

To je obećanje deci.

It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of.

To je održiv materijal koga im neće ponestati.

And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago,

I kada sam prvi put videla ove građevine u izgradnji, pre otprilike šest godina,

I just thought, this makes perfect sense.

samo sam pomislila kako je ovo potpuno smisleno.

It is growing all around us.

On raste svuda oko nas.

It's strong. It's elegant.

Jak je, elegantan.

It's earthquake-resistant.

Otporan je na zemljotrese.

Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?

Zašto se ovo tek sad dešava i šta možemo dalje da uradimo s njim?

So along with some of the original builders of Green School,

Pa sam sa još nekim od prvobitnih graditelja Zelene škole

I founded Ibuku.

osnovala Ibuku.

Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth,

Ibu znači "majka", a ku znači "moja", pa to znači moja majka Zemlja,

and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers,

a mi u Ibukuu smo ekipa zanatlija, arhitekata i dizajnera,

and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building.

i zajedno stvaramo novi način izgradnje.

Over the past five years together,

U proteklih pet godina zajedničkog rada

we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali.

sagradili smo preko 50 unikatnih građevina, uglavnom na Baliju.

Nine of them are at Green Village --

Devet je u Zelenom selu -

you've just seen inside some of these homes --

upravo ste videli unutrašnjost nekih od ovih domova -

and we fill them with bespoke furniture,

i popunjavamo ih nameštajem po narudžbi,

we surround them with veggie gardens,

okružujemo ih baštama s povrćem.

we would love to invite you all to come visit someday.

Voleli bi da vas sve pozovemo da nas posetite nekada.

And while you're there, you can also see Green School --

I dok ste tamo, možete da posetite Zelenu školu -

we keep building classrooms there each year --

nastavljamo sa izgradnjom učionica svake godine -

as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.

kao i dom u unapređenoj vilinskoj pečurci.

We're also working on a little house for export.

Takođe radimo na kućici za izvoz.

This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated,

Ovo je tradicionalni sumbanijski dom, koji smo kopirali,

right down to the details and textiles.

skoro do detalja i materijala.

A restaurant with an open-air kitchen.

Restoran sa kuhinjom na otvorenom.

It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?

Poprilično liči na kuhinju, zar ne?

And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.

I most koji se pruža 22 metra preko reke.

Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new.

Sad, ono što mi radimo nije u potpunosti novina.

From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java,

Od kolibica do kompleksnih mostova, poput ovoga na Javi,

bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world

bambus je u upotrebi u ovim tropskim delovima sveta

for literally tens of thousands of years.

već 10 000 godina, bukvalno.

There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts.

Postoje ostrva, čak i kontinenti na koje su prvo stigli splavovi od bambusa.

But until recently,

No sve do nedavno,

it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects,

skoro da je bilo nemoguće pouzdano zaštititi bambus od insekata

and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.

i stoga, skoro da sve što je ikada napravljeno od bambusa, nestalo je.

Unprotected bamboo weathers.

Nezaštićen bambus vene.

Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.

Netretiran bambus će biti u prah pojeden.

And so that's why most people, especially in Asia,

Zato ljudi većinom, naročito u Aziji,

think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want

misle da ne možete da budete dovoljno siromašni ili ruralni da biste želeli

to live in a bamboo house.

da živite u kući od bambusa.

And so we thought,

Pa smo pomislili,

what will it take to change their minds,

kako da im promenimo mišljenje,

to convince people that bamboo is worth building with,

da ubedimo ljude da vredi graditi od bambusa,

much less worth aspiring to?

a kamoli da vredi težiti tome?

First, we needed safe treatment solutions.

Prvo su nam bili potrebni bezbedni rastvori za tretman.

Borax is a natural salt.

Boraks je prirodna so.

It turns bamboo into a viable building material.

Od nje bambus postaje pouzdan materijal za gradnju.

Treat it properly, design it carefully,

Tretirajte je kako treba, dizajnirajte je oprezno

and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.

i građevina od bambusa će da vam traje doživotno.

Second, build something extraordinary out of it.

Zatim, napravite nešto izvanredno od njega.

Inspire people.

Inspirišite ljude.

Fortunately,

Srećom,

Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.

kultura na Baliju gaji umešnost.

It values the artisan.

Ceni majstore.

So combine those with the adventurous outliers

Zato ih kombinujte sa avanturistima izvanjcima

from new generations of locally trained architects

iz novih generacija arhitekata koje su obučavali lokalci

and designers and engineers,

i dizajnerima i inženjerima,

and always remember that you are designing

i uvek imajte na umu da dizajnirate

for curving, tapering, hollow poles.

za krivudave, šiljaste, šuplje stupce.

No two poles alike, no straight lines,

Ne postoje dva ista stupca, nema pravih linija,

no two-by-fours here.

zaboravite na grede.

The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture

Oprobane, dobro osmišljene formule i rečnik arhitekture

do not apply here.

je ovde neprimenljiv.

We have had to invent our own rules.

Morali smo da izmislimo sopstvena pravila.

We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become,

Pitamo bambus za šta je dobar, šta želi da bude,

and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths,

a on nam kaže: da ga poštujemo, da dizajniramo za njegove kvalitete,

protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.

da ga zaštitimo od vode i da iskoristimo njegove zavoje.

So we design in real 3D,

Zato dizajniramo u realnom 3D-u,

making scale structural models

pravimo srazmernu maketu građevine

out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house.

od istog materijala koga ćemo kasnije koristiti da gradimo kuću.

And bamboo model-making, it's an art,

A pravljenje maketa od bambusa je umetnost,

as well as some hardcore engineering.

kao što je i tvrdokorni inženjering.

So that's the blueprint of the house.

Dakle, ovo je nacrt kuće.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And we bring it to site,

Donesemo ga na mesto gradnje,

and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole,

malim lenjirima merimo svaki stubac,

and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile

uzimamo u obzir svaki zavoj, i izaberemo komad bambusa s hrpe

to replicate that house on site.

kako bismo iskopirali tu kuću.

When it comes down to the details, we consider everything.

Kada su u pitanju detalji, na sve mislimo.

Why are doors so often rectangular?

Zašto su vrata najčešće pravougaona?

Why not round?

Zašto ne okrugla?

How could you make a door better?

Kako da unapredite vrata?

Well, its hinges battle with gravity,

Pa, njihove šarke se bore s gravitacijom,

and gravity will always win in the end,

a gravitacija na kraju uvek pobeđuje,

so why not have it pivot on the center

zašto ih ne bismo učvrstili u središtu

where it can stay balanced?

kako bi održavala ravnotežu?

And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?

A kad smo stigli dotle, zašto ne bismo imali vrata u obliku suza?

To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints

Da bismo imali selektivnu korist, radeći u okviru ograničenja

of this material,

ovog materijala,

we have really had to push ourselves,

morali smo da se zaista potrudimo,

and within that constraint, we have found space for something new.

a u okviru tih ograničenja pronašli smo prostor za nešto novo.

It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling

To je izazov: kako da napravite plafon,

if you don't have any flat boards to work with?

ako nemate nikakve ravne daske koje biste upotrebili?

Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood.

Da vam kažem, ponekad sanjam o kamenoj ploči i iverici.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen

Ali kada imate spretne majstore

and itsy bitsy little splits,

i sićušno, majušno raskoljeno šiblje,

weave that ceiling together,

ispletite taj plafon,

stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.

razvucite kanafas preko njega, lakirajte ga.

How do you design durable kitchen countertops

Kako da dizajnirate izdržljive kuhinjske radne površine

that do justice to this curving structure you've just built?

koje će da idu uz ovu zakrivljenu građevinu koju ste upravo sagradili?

Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,

Rasecite oblutak kao parče hleba,

hand-carve each to fit the other,

ručno oblikujte svaki, kako bi se uklopili,

leave the crusts on,

ostavite koru,

and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade.

a ono što mi radimo je skoro u potpunosti ručni rad.

The structural connections of our buildings

Sastavne veze naših zgrada

are reinforced by steel joints, but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.

su pojačane čeličnim zglavcima,

ali koristimo mnogo ručno brušenih bambusovih čivija.

There are thousands of pins in each floor.

Ima na hiljade čivija u svakom podu.

This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin.

Ovaj pod je napravljen od glatke i izdržljive bambusove kore.

You can feel the texture under bare feet.

Možete da osetite teksturu pod bosim nogama.

And the floor that you walk on,

A može li pod po kojem hodate

can it affect the way that you walk?

da utiče na to kako hodate?

Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world?

Može li da promeni tragove koje ćete konačno ostaviti na svetu?

I remember being nine years old

Sećam se kada sam imala devet godina

and feeling wonder,

i osećala sam divljenje

and possibility,

i mogućnost

and a little bit of idealism.

i bila sam pomalo idealista.

And we've got a really long way to go,

I zaista je dug put pred nama,

there's a lot left to learn,

ima mnogo toga da se nauči,

but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment,

ali jedno znam, a to je da uz kreativnost i posvećenost

you can create beauty and comfort

možete da stvorite lepotu i udobnost

and safety and even luxury

i sigurnost, pa čak i luksuz

out of a material that will grow back.

od materijala koji će ponovo da naraste.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)