Magical houses, made of bamboo | Elora Hardy

翻译人员: Xiao Shen 校对人员: Jing Zhang

When I was nine years old,

在我九岁的时候，

my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like,

我妈妈问我将来想要一个 什么样子的房子，

and I drew this fairy mushroom.

然后我画了这个童话大蘑菇。

And then she actually built it.

然后......她真的造了一个这样的房子。

(Laughter)

（笑）

I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time,

我当时并没意识到这个有多与众不同，

and maybe I still haven't,

或许我现在也没有，

because I'm still designing houses.

因为我还在设计房子。

This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali.

这是一个在巴厘岛的六层定制房。

It's built almost entirely from bamboo.

它几乎完全是由竹子打造的，

The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor.

在四楼的客厅可以俯视整个山谷。

You enter the house by a bridge.

房子的入口是一座桥。

It can get hot in the tropics,

热带会很热，

so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes.

所以我们造了巨大的弧形屋顶 来让凉风进入房子。

But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in

但是一些房间有很高的窗户， 为了能够使用空调，

and the bugs out.

同时阻隔蚊虫。

This room we left open.

这个房间是开放式的。

We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.

我们做了一个帐篷式的床， 并配备了空调。

And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room.

一个顾客想要在客厅的 一角建一个电视间。

Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right,

将一个角落用高墙围起来总是不太美观，

so instead, we made this giant woven pod.

所以我们做了这个巨大的竹编隔间。

Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms.

我们还配齐了所有必须的设施， 比如卫生间。

This one is a basket in the corner of the living room,

这是一个在客厅角落里的篮子，

and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it.

说实话，一些人从来不愿意去用它。

We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation.

因为我们还没有解决隔音的问题。

(Laughter)

（笑）

So there are lots of things that we're still working on,

所以我们还在努力解决 一些类似问题，

but one thing I have learned

但是我学到了一样东西，

is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.

那就是竹子的好处多多， 如果你能正确的使用它。

It's actually a wild grass.

它其实是一种野草。

It grows on otherwise unproductive land --

它生长在一些不毛之地——

deep ravines, mountainsides.

例如峭壁和深壑中。

It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight,

它们可以靠雨水，泉水和阳光生长，

and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world,

全世界有1450种竹子，

we use just seven of them.

我们只用了其中的七种。

That's my dad.

这是我父亲。

He's the one who got me building with bamboo,

是他启发了我用竹子造房子，

and he is standing in a clump

这张照片中，

of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago.

他正站在自己七年前 种下的马来甜龙竹林里。

Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots.

每年这里都会长出新的竹笋。

That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week,

这根竹笋，上周我们看着它 在三天之内长高了一米，

so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.

所以三年内这些竹子就可以成为 取之不尽的有用之才。

Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps.

现在，我们能够从数百个自家所有的 竹林中获得建筑材料。

Betung, as we call it, it's really long,

勿洞竹, 我们这么称呼它， 它非常的长。

up to 18 meters of usable length.

可用的长度达到了18米。

Try getting that truck down the mountain.

可以想象一下用货车 把它运下山的情景。

And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel,

它也非常坚固：拉伸力与钢铁相当，

the compressive strength of concrete.

耐压程度与水泥不相上下。

Slam four tons straight down on a pole,

哪怕用四吨的力冲击一根竹子，

and it can take it.

它也不会断裂。

Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,

因为它是中空的，所以很轻，

light enough to be lifted by just a few men,

轻到几个男人就能抬起来，

or, apparently, one woman.

或者，很明显，一个女人。

(Laughter) (Applause)

（笑）（掌声）

And when my father built Green School in Bali,

当我的父亲在建造 巴厘岛的格林学校的时候，

he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus,

他选择用竹子来建造校园建筑，

because he saw it as a promise.

因为他认为这是一个承诺，

It's a promise to the kids.

一个对孩子们的承诺。

It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of.

这是一种可持续使用的材料， 取之不尽。

And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago,

六年前，当我第一次看到这些 正在搭建的建筑的时候，

I just thought, this makes perfect sense.

我就觉得，这个想法是完全可行的。

It is growing all around us.

竹子几乎无处不在。

It's strong. It's elegant.

它很有韧性，很优雅。

It's earthquake-resistant.

它可以抵御地震。

Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?

为什么我们没有更早想到这点呢？ 下一步又该做什么？

So along with some of the original builders of Green School,

于是，和一些格林学校 最初的建造者一起，

I founded Ibuku.

我创立了Ibuku。

Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth,

Ibu意思是“母亲”，而ku意思是“我的”， 所以它的意思是“大地母亲”。

and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers,

在Ibuku，我们有工匠， 建筑师和设计师，

and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building.

我们要创造一种新的建筑方式。

Over the past five years together,

在过去的五年里，

we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali.

我们总共建造了超过50幢独特的建筑， 大部分在巴厘岛，

Nine of them are at Green Village --

九个在格林村——

you've just seen inside some of these homes --

你们刚刚看到的就是 这些房子内部的一些照片，

and we fill them with bespoke furniture,

里面都是定制家具，

we surround them with veggie gardens,

我们在周围开辟了菜园，

we would love to invite you all to come visit someday.

我们诚邀所有在座的人 将来有机会来参观。

And while you're there, you can also see Green School --

当你到了那里， 你也可以看到格林学校　——

we keep building classrooms there each year --

我们每年都在建造更多的教室　——

as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.

还有一个升级版的童话蘑菇屋。

We're also working on a little house for export.

这是我们造的一种供出口的小房子。

This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated,

这是一个传统的松巴屋，

right down to the details and textiles.

是个从细节到软装潢都非常精致的复制房。

A restaurant with an open-air kitchen.

这是一个有开放厨房的餐馆。

It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?

他看起来就像一个厨房，不是吗？

And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.

还有一座跨度达22米的竹桥。

Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new.

事实上我们在做的事情早有先例。

From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java,

从小房子到复杂的大桥， 比如这个在Java的桥，

bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world

在过去的千万年之间，

for literally tens of thousands of years.

竹子在热带区域早就得到了广泛应用。

There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts.

有一些小岛，甚至是大洲， 就是人们乘坐竹筏发现的。

But until recently,

但是直到最近，

it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects,

人们才实现了竹子防虫的工艺，

and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.

所以，过去那些用竹子搭建的东西， 已经全都没了。

Unprotected bamboo weathers.

没有保护的竹子会被侵蚀。

Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.

没有做防虫处理的竹子会遭到虫蛀， 最终化为尘土。

And so that's why most people, especially in Asia,

所以这就是为什么大部分人， 尤其是亚洲人，

think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want

即使到了山穷水尽的地步,

to live in a bamboo house.

也没有人愿意住竹子房。

And so we thought,

所以我们一直在思考，

what will it take to change their minds,

要怎样让人们改变主意，

to convince people that bamboo is worth building with,

怎样说服人们与其对着竹子幻想，

much less worth aspiring to?

不如将之用于建筑。

First, we needed safe treatment solutions.

首先，我们需要一个安全的防虫手段。

Borax is a natural salt.

硼砂是一种天然的盐。

It turns bamboo into a viable building material.

它能将竹子加工成可用的建筑材料。

Treat it properly, design it carefully,

只要采用正确的处理方法， 加上仔细的设计

and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.

竹制建筑就可以长年不朽。

Second, build something extraordinary out of it.

第二，用竹子建造一些独特的建筑物。

Inspire people.

我们要启发人们。

Fortunately,

幸运的是，

Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.

巴厘岛的文化为手工业发展 提供了良好的土壤。

It values the artisan.

工匠很受尊重。

So combine those with the adventurous outliers

于是，能工巧匠与 特立独行的设计相结合，

from new generations of locally trained architects

采用当地新生代专业建筑师，

and designers and engineers,

设计师和工程师的理念，

and always remember that you are designing

请记住你的设计材料

for curving, tapering, hollow poles.

是一些弯曲的，尖细的，空心的竹竿。

No two poles alike, no straight lines,

没有两根是一模一样的， 没有直线边角，

no two-by-fours here.

忘记那些方方正正的木料吧。

The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture

那些建筑学里精心设计， 行之有效的公式术语

do not apply here.

在这里通通不适用。

We have had to invent our own rules.

我们要创建自己的规则。

We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become,

我们倾听竹子的心声： 它们能做什么，想做什么，

and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths,

它们的回答是： 尊重它们，发挥它们的长处，

protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.

做好防水， 尽量利用它们自身的曲线。

So we design in real 3D,

因此我们采用真实的三维设计，

making scale structural models

按比例制作结构模型，

out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house.

模型的材料与实际建筑材料一致。

And bamboo model-making, it's an art,

制作竹子模型是一门艺术,

as well as some hardcore engineering.

也是一项工程学的硬技能。

So that's the blueprint of the house.

这就是房子的设计模型。

(Laughter)

（笑）

And we bring it to site,

我们把它带到施工现场，

and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole,

用很小的尺测量每一根竹子，

and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile

根据每根曲线，选取相对应的竹材

to replicate that house on site.

来现场复制这幢房屋。

When it comes down to the details, we consider everything.

在处理细节的时候， 我们会考虑到方方面面。

Why are doors so often rectangular?

门为什么非要是矩形的呢？

Why not round?

为什么不能用圆形？

How could you make a door better?

怎样能把门做的更好？

Well, its hinges battle with gravity,

通常它被合页固定，以对抗重力，

and gravity will always win in the end,

不过最终总是重力获胜，

so why not have it pivot on the center

那么为什么不把枢轴装在中间，

where it can stay balanced?

使它自身能够处于平衡状态？

And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?

既然做了圆形的门， 那为什么不能有泪滴形的门呢？

To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints

为了在材料性能的限制下

of this material,

做到物尽其用，

we have really had to push ourselves,

我们必须不断尝试，自我超越，

and within that constraint, we have found space for something new.

在有限的条件内不断创新。

It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling

在没有一块平板的条件下

if you don't have any flat boards to work with?

怎样建屋顶？ 这不能不算是一个挑战。

Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood.

实话实说， 有时候我会梦见石膏板和胶合板。

(Laughter)

（笑）

But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen

但如果你有能工巧匠

and itsy bitsy little splits,

能把竹子片成细条，

weave that ceiling together,

就可以用竹片编织出屋顶，

stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.

上面铺上帆布， 涂上油漆就大功告成了。

How do you design durable kitchen countertops

怎样设计耐用的厨房台面，

that do justice to this curving structure you've just built?

使之与这曲线优美的 建筑物相得益彰呢？

Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,

将大石头像面包一样切片，

hand-carve each to fit the other,

手工打磨使它们互相契合，

leave the crusts on,

保留表层的石痂，做成台面，

and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade.

我们的工程基本上是全手工完成。

The structural connections of our buildings

房屋的结构衔接采用了 大量手工制做的竹销，

are reinforced by steel joints, but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.

并采用钢制联接件加固。

There are thousands of pins in each floor.

每一个楼层都有上千个竹销。

This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin.

地板是用光滑耐久的竹皮制成。

You can feel the texture under bare feet.

赤脚就可以感觉到它的质地。

And the floor that you walk on,

走在这样的地板上

can it affect the way that you walk?

你是否觉得步履更为轻盈？

Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world?

你是否觉得自己在这世界上的足迹 都会产生变化呢？

I remember being nine years old

记得我九岁的时候，

and feeling wonder,

总是充满好奇心，

and possibility,

觉得万事皆有可能，

and a little bit of idealism.

还有点完美主义。

And we've got a really long way to go,

路漫漫其修远兮，

there's a lot left to learn,

吾将上下而求索，

but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment,

但只要有创造力并持之以恒，

you can create beauty and comfort

你就能创造美好，舒适，

and safety and even luxury

安全甚至奢侈的生活，

out of a material that will grow back.

而使用的材料可以用之不竭。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）