Magical houses, made of bamboo | Elora Hardy

譯者: Yamei Huang 審譯者: Marssi Draw

When I was nine years old,

在我九歲那年，

my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like,

我媽媽問我 將來想要什麼樣的房子，

and I drew this fairy mushroom.

我畫了這個童話般的蘑菇屋。

And then she actually built it.

而她真的蓋了這樣的房子。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time,

我想我當時沒發現這個有多特別，

and maybe I still haven't,

也許我依然還沒完全理解，

because I'm still designing houses.

因為我現在仍不斷在設計房屋，

This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali.

這是一棟在峇里島 六層樓訂製的房子。

It's built almost entirely from bamboo.

它幾乎完全是用竹子打造而成。

The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor.

客廳位於四樓，可以鳥瞰山谷。

You enter the house by a bridge.

房子的入口是一座橋。

It can get hot in the tropics,

熱帶地區通常很熱，

so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes.

所以我們製造出巨大的曲簷 讓風進入房子。

But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in

有些房間有高高的窗戶 可讓空氣流通，

and the bugs out.

同時隔絕蚊蟲。

This room we left open.

這房間是開放的。

We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.

我們做了一個 可以讓空氣流通的帳篷床。

And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room.

還有一位客戶想要在 客廳的角落做一間電視房。

Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right,

把一個區域用高牆 隔成許多小房間蠻奇怪的，

so instead, we made this giant woven pod.

所以我們做了這個巨大的竹編隔間。

Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms.

還做了所有必要的設施，例如浴室。

This one is a basket in the corner of the living room,

這是客廳角落的籃子，

and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it.

我得告訴你們， 有些人不願意住這種房子。

We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation.

我們還沒有解決隔音問題。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

So there are lots of things that we're still working on,

所以我們還在努力解決一些問題，

but one thing I have learned

不過我學會一件事

is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.

就是，如果正確使用， 竹子也會善待你。

It's actually a wild grass.

竹子實際上是一種野草。

It grows on otherwise unproductive land --

它生長在貧瘠的土地上：

deep ravines, mountainsides.

深谷裡，山坡上。

It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight,

它靠雨水、泉水、陽光生長，

and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world,

全世界有 1,450 種竹子，

we use just seven of them.

我們只使用其中 7 種。

That's my dad.

這是我父親。

He's the one who got me building with bamboo,

他就是那個影響我、 讓我用竹子建造房子的人，

and he is standing in a clump

他正站在一叢

of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago.

馬來甜龍竹林裡， 那是他七年前種的。

Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots.

每年，它都長出全新的竹筍。

That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week,

這竹筍，上週我們看到它 三天內長高一公尺，

so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.

所以三年內 這些竹子就能成為可用的建材。

Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps.

現在我們從數百家 自有的竹林取得建材。

Betung, as we call it, it's really long,

我們叫它勿洞竹，它相當長，

up to 18 meters of usable length.

可用部分長達 18 公尺。

Try getting that truck down the mountain.

我們試圖用貨車把它載下山去。

And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel,

它很堅固， 有鋼鐵般的抗拉强度，

the compressive strength of concrete.

抗壓强度與水泥相同。

Slam four tons straight down on a pole,

以四噸重的力道 直接沖擊一根竹子，

and it can take it.

它也能夠承受。

Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,

因爲它是空心的，重量輕，

light enough to be lifted by just a few men,

輕到幾個男人就能擡起來，

or, apparently, one woman.

或者，顯而易見， 一個女人就能擡起來。

(Laughter) (Applause)

（笑聲）（掌聲）

And when my father built Green School in Bali,

當我的父親 在巴里島建造「綠色學校」時，

he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus,

他選用竹子作爲建造校園的建材，

because he saw it as a promise.

因爲他把它看成是一個承諾。

It's a promise to the kids.

一個對孩子們許下的諾言。

It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of.

竹子是一種可持續使用的材料， 不會用完。

And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago,

當我六年前 第一次看見這些建造中的結構時，

I just thought, this makes perfect sense.

我就明白這完全可行。

It is growing all around us.

竹子無處不在。

It's strong. It's elegant.

它很結實，又很優雅。

It's earthquake-resistant.

它還能抗震。

Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?

爲什麽沒有早一點用竹子建房屋， 下一步要怎麼做？

So along with some of the original builders of Green School,

於是我和當初的綠色學校建造者

I founded Ibuku.

成立 Ibuku。

Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth,

Ibu 是「母親」，ku 是 「我的」 的意思，意即大地母親，

and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers,

在 Ibuku，我們是工匠、 建築師和設計師的團隊，

and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building.

一起創造一個全新的建造方式。

Over the past five years together,

在過去的五年裡，

we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali.

我們建造超過五十棟獨特的建築， 大部分是在峇里島。

Nine of them are at Green Village --

其中九座在「綠色村莊」

you've just seen inside some of these homes --

──你們剛剛看到的是 房屋内部的照片──

and we fill them with bespoke furniture,

裡面放置訂製的家具，

we surround them with veggie gardens,

房屋四周設置蔬菜花園，

we would love to invite you all to come visit someday.

我們誠摯邀請各位 將來有機會來參觀。

And while you're there, you can also see Green School --

當你到那裡， 你也可以看到綠色學校，

we keep building classrooms there each year --

我們每年持續不斷地搭建教室，

as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.

還蓋了升級版的童話蘑菇屋。

We're also working on a little house for export.

我們也建造一種專供出口的房子。

This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated,

這是我們建造的傳統松巴屋，

right down to the details and textiles.

細節和紋路都很精緻的複製房屋。

A restaurant with an open-air kitchen.

開放式厨房的餐廳。

It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?

看起來像厨房，對吧？

And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.

還建了一座橫跨江面的橋， 有 22 公尺長。

Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new.

我們所做的 並不完全是新東西。

From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java,

從小房子到複雜的橋梁， 就像爪哇的這座橋，

bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world

竹子普遍使用於熱帶地區。

for literally tens of thousands of years.

至今已有千萬年之久。

There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts.

有些島嶼甚至還有大陸 是人們乘坐竹筏發現的。

But until recently,

但直到最近，

it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects,

人們幾乎無法找到 有效的竹材防蟲方法，

and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.

因此，以竹子做的東西已不存在。

Unprotected bamboo weathers.

竹子沒有被保護 經風吹日曬受風化。

Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.

未經處理的竹材 被腐蝕成為塵土。

And so that's why most people, especially in Asia,

這就是為什麼大部分的人， 尤其是亞洲人，

think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want

即使很窮或是在很鄉下的地方，

to live in a bamboo house.

也沒人願意住在竹子建造的房子。

And so we thought,

所以我們想，

what will it take to change their minds,

要如何改變人們的想法，

to convince people that bamboo is worth building with,

說服大家實際將竹子用在建築，

much less worth aspiring to?

而不只是想？

First, we needed safe treatment solutions.

首先，我們要有安全的防蟲方式。

Borax is a natural salt.

硼砂是一種天然的鹽。

It turns bamboo into a viable building material.

它能將竹子加工成可用的建材。

Treat it properly, design it carefully,

正確的處理方法，仔細地設計，

and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.

竹造建築可用一輩子。

Second, build something extraordinary out of it.

第二，用竹子建造特別的房子。

Inspire people.

去啟發人們。

Fortunately,

幸運的是，

Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.

峇里人扶植手工藝文化。

It values the artisan.

工匠受到尊重。

So combine those with the adventurous outliers

因此要結合出類拔萃、有創意、

from new generations of locally trained architects

當地新生代的建築師、

and designers and engineers,

設計師和工程師，

and always remember that you are designing

並記住你要設計的

for curving, tapering, hollow poles.

是彎曲、尖細、空心的竹子。

No two poles alike, no straight lines,

沒有兩根是一樣的，沒有直線條，

no two-by-fours here.

這裡沒有方正的木材。

The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture

經驗法則、 精心設計的公式和建築術語，

do not apply here.

這裡通通不適用。

We have had to invent our own rules.

我們要建立自己的規則。

We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become,

我們問竹子它們能做什麼， 想要做什麼，

and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths,

它的回答是：尊重它們， 將它們的優點設計出來，

protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.

做好防水， 運用它們的曲線特性。

So we design in real 3D,

所以我們用真的三度空間設計，

making scale structural models

依比例製作結構模型，

out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house.

模型的材質 與實際建築物相同。

And bamboo model-making, it's an art,

而製作竹子模型也是一門藝術，

as well as some hardcore engineering.

也是工程的核心部分。

So that's the blueprint of the house.

這是房子的藍圖。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And we bring it to site,

我們將它帶到工地現場，

and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole,

用小的尺量測每一根竹子，

and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile

考量每一個曲線， 選擇適當的竹材

to replicate that house on site.

在現場將房子複製出來。

When it comes down to the details, we consider everything.

在細節部分， 我們考慮的面面俱到。

Why are doors so often rectangular?

為何門非得方形不可？

Why not round?

可以是圓的嗎？

How could you make a door better?

要怎麼做才能把門做得更好？

Well, its hinges battle with gravity,

它的樞軸往往得和重力抗衡，

and gravity will always win in the end,

最後總是重力贏。

so why not have it pivot on the center

為什麼不把樞軸設置在中間

where it can stay balanced?

使它保持平衡的狀態？

And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?

當你做出圓形門， 為何不能有水滴形的門？

To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints

為了獲得精心設計的好處

of this material,

以及在材質性能的限制下，

we have really had to push ourselves,

我們必須往前邁進，

and within that constraint, we have found space for something new.

在材料的限制下，不斷創新。

It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling

這是一項挑戰： 在沒有平坦板子的情況下

if you don't have any flat boards to work with?

要如何蓋屋頂？

Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood.

讓我來告訴各位，有時 我會夢到石膏板和夾板。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen

如果你有技巧精湛的工匠

and itsy bitsy little splits,

和小巧玲瓏的竹片，

weave that ceiling together,

就可以用它來編成屋頂，

stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.

上面鋪上帆布，上油漆。

How do you design durable kitchen countertops

要如何設計耐用的櫥房檯面，

that do justice to this curving structure you've just built?

對它做適當的處理 可與這曲面的建築相對應？

Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,

將大石頭像麵包一樣切片，

hand-carve each to fit the other,

手工打造使它們互相契合，

leave the crusts on,

保留硬的表面，

and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade.

我們所做的房子， 幾乎都是以手工完成。

The structural connections of our buildings

建築物的結構連接

are reinforced by steel joints, but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.

是以鋼製接頭加強固定， 也採用大量手工製的竹栓。

There are thousands of pins in each floor.

每一層樓使用數千片竹栓。

This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin.

地板是以光滑耐用的竹皮製成。

You can feel the texture under bare feet.

光腳就可以感覺得到材質。

And the floor that you walk on,

走在這地板上，

can it affect the way that you walk?

是否能影響你走路的方式？

Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world?

你生活在這世界的足跡 是否因此而改變？

I remember being nine years old

我記得九歲的時候

and feeling wonder,

充滿好奇心，

and possibility,

覺得事情皆有其可能性，

and a little bit of idealism.

還有一點點完美主義。

And we've got a really long way to go,

我們還有很長的路要走，

there's a lot left to learn,

還有很多事要學習，

but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment,

但我了解有創造力和執行力，

you can create beauty and comfort

就能創造美好、舒適、

and safety and even luxury

安全，甚至是奢華的生活，

out of a material that will grow back.

只要使用竹子這種 取之不盡的材料就可以了。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）