Magical houses, made of bamboo | Elora Hardy

Prevoditelj: Lidija Šimunović Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

When I was nine years old,

Kada sam imala devet godina

my mom asked me what I would want my house to look like,

mama me pitala kako bih željela da izgleda moja kuća,

and I drew this fairy mushroom.

a ja sam nacrtala ovu čarobnu gljivu.

And then she actually built it.

A ona ju je zaista izgradila.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I don't think I realized this was so unusual at the time,

Mislim da tada nisam shvaćala da je to nešto neobično,

and maybe I still haven't,

a možda to još uvijek ne shvaćam

because I'm still designing houses.

jer još uvijek dizajniram kuće.

This is a six-story bespoke home on the island of Bali.

Ovo je naručena kuća na šest katova na otoku Bali.

It's built almost entirely from bamboo.

Gotovo je cijela izgrađena od bambusa.

The living room overlooks the valley from the fourth floor.

Dnevna soba na četvrtom katu gleda na dolinu.

You enter the house by a bridge.

U kuću ulazite preko mosta.

It can get hot in the tropics,

U tropima može biti vruće

so we make big curving roofs to catch the breezes.

pa smo napravili velike vijugave krovove koji hvataju povjetarce.

But some rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in

Ali neke sobe imaju visoke prozore za zadržavanje klimatiziranog zraka unutra,

and the bugs out.

a kukaca vani.

This room we left open.

Ovu smo sobu ostavili otvorenu.

We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.

Napravili smo klimatizirani krevet pod šatorom.

And one client wanted a TV room in the corner of her living room.

Jedna je klijentica htjela prostor za TV u kutu dnevne sobe.

Boxing off an area with tall walls just didn't feel right,

Ograđivanje prostora visokim zidovima nije bilo prikladno pa smo

so instead, we made this giant woven pod.

umjesto toga napravili ovu ogromnu pletenu ljusku.

Now, we do have all the necessary luxuries, like bathrooms.

Imamo sav potreban luksuz, kao npr. kupaonice.

This one is a basket in the corner of the living room,

Ovo je košara u kutu dnevne sobe

and I've got tell you, some people actually hesitate to use it.

i moram vam reći da ju neki ljudi oklijevaju koristiti.

We have not quite figured out our acoustic insulation.

Nismo još riješili zvučnu izolaciju.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So there are lots of things that we're still working on,

Još je mnogo stvari na kojima radimo,

but one thing I have learned

ali ono što sam naučila jest da

is that bamboo will treat you well if you use it right.

je bambus jako koristan ako ga znate ispravno koristiti.

It's actually a wild grass.

On je zapravo divlja trava.

It grows on otherwise unproductive land --

Raste na neplodnoj zemlji --

deep ravines, mountainsides.

dubokim tjesnacima, planinskim obroncima.

It lives off of rainwater, spring water, sunlight,

Preživljava na kišnici, slatkoj vodi, suncu

and of the 1,450 species of bamboo that grow across the world,

i od 1450 vrsta bambusa koje rastu diljem svijeta

we use just seven of them.

mi koristimo samo njih sedam.

That's my dad.

Ovo je moj tata.

He's the one who got me building with bamboo,

Zbog njega sam počela graditi bambusom

and he is standing in a clump

i stoji među skupinom

of Dendrocalamus asper niger that he planted just seven years ago.

Dendrocalamus asper niger bambusa koje je posadio prije samo sedam godina.

Each year, it sends up a new generation of shoots.

Svake se godine pojavi nova generacija mladica.

That shoot, we watched it grow a meter in three days just last week,

Ovu smo mladicu prošli tjedan gledali kako izrasta jedan metar u tri dana,

so we're talking about sustainable timber in three years.

tako da govorimo o održivom deblu u tri godine.

Now, we harvest from hundreds of family-owned clumps.

Mi beremo iz stotina skupina bambusa koje su u obiteljskom vlasništvu.

Betung, as we call it, it's really long,

Betung, kako ga nazivamo, veoma je dug,

up to 18 meters of usable length.

ima čak do 18 m iskoristive dužine.

Try getting that truck down the mountain.

Pokušajte tim kamionom ići niz planinu.

And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel,

I snažan je: ima vlačnu čvrstoću čelika,

the compressive strength of concrete.

a tlačnu čvrstoću betona.

Slam four tons straight down on a pole,

Nabacite četiri tone na stup

and it can take it.

i on će to izdržati.

Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,

Zato što je šupalj, lagan je,

light enough to be lifted by just a few men,

i to dovoljno da ga podigne samo nekoliko muškaraca,

or, apparently, one woman.

ili, očito, jedna žena.

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smijeh) (Pljesak)

And when my father built Green School in Bali,

Kad je moj otac gradio Zelenu školu u Baliju,

he chose bamboo for all of the buildings on campus,

izabrao je bambus za gradnju svih zgrada u kampusu

because he saw it as a promise.

zato što je to vidio kao obećanje.

It's a promise to the kids.

Obećanje djeci.

It's one sustainable material that they will not run out of.

To je održiv materijal kojeg im nikada neće ponestati.

And when I first saw these structures under construction about six years ago,

Kada sam prije 6 godina prvi put vidjela ove strukture u procesu izgradnje

I just thought, this makes perfect sense.

pomislila sam kako to ima smisla.

It is growing all around us.

Raste svuda oko nas.

It's strong. It's elegant.

Jak je. Elegantan.

It's earthquake-resistant.

Otporan na zemljotres.

Why hasn't this happened sooner, and what can we do with it next?

Zašto se ovo nije dogodilo ranije i što možemo iduće učiniti s njim?

So along with some of the original builders of Green School,

Zajedno s nekim od izvornih graditelja Zelene škole

I founded Ibuku.

osnovala sam Ibuku.

Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine," so it represents my Mother Earth,

Ibu znači "majka", a ku "moje" tako da predstavlja moju Majku Zemlju,

and at Ibuku, we are a team of artisans, architects and designers,

a mi u Ibukuu smo tim obrtnika, arhitekata i dizajnera

and what we're doing together is creating a new way of building.

i zajedno stvaramo nov način gradnje.

Over the past five years together,

Tijekom zadnjih pet godina zajedno smo

we have built over 50 unique structures, most of them in Bali.

izgradili preko 50 jedinstvenih struktura, većinu na Baliju.

Nine of them are at Green Village --

Devet je njih u Zelenom selu --

you've just seen inside some of these homes --

vidjeli ste unutrašnjost nekih od ovih domova --

and we fill them with bespoke furniture,

i ispunjavamo ih naručenim namještajem,

we surround them with veggie gardens,

okružimo ih povrtnjacima,

we would love to invite you all to come visit someday.

i voljeli bismo vas sve pozvati u posjet jednog dana.

And while you're there, you can also see Green School --

I kada već budete tamo, možete vidjeti i Zelenu školu --

we keep building classrooms there each year --

nastavili smo graditi učionice svake godine -

as well as an updated fairy mushroom house.

i ažurirali kuću čarobnu gljivu.

We're also working on a little house for export.

Također radimo i na maloj kući za izvoz.

This is a traditional Sumbanese home that we replicated,

Ovo je tradicionalna sumbaška kuća čiju smo repliku napravili,

right down to the details and textiles.

sve smo pogodili, detalje i tekstil.

A restaurant with an open-air kitchen.

Restoran s kuhinjom na otvorenom.

It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?

Sliči na kuhinju, jel' da?

And a bridge that spans 22 meters across a river.

I most preko rijeke dugačak 22 metra.

Now, what we're doing, it's not entirely new.

Ovo što radimo nije u potpunosti novo.

From little huts to elaborate bridges like this one in Java,

Od malih koliba do složenih mostova poput ovoga u Javi,

bamboo has been in use across the tropical regions of the world

bambus se koristi u tropskim regijama diljem svijeta

for literally tens of thousands of years.

doslovno već desetke tisuća godina.

There are islands and even continents that were first reached by bamboo rafts.

Postoje otoci i kontinenti do kojih se prvo došlo splavovima od bambusa.

But until recently,

Ali donedavno,

it was almost impossible to reliably protect bamboo from insects,

bilo je gotovo nemoguće bambus učinkovito zaštititi od kukaca,

and so, just about everything that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.

tako da je gotovo sve što je bilo izgrađeno od bambusa nestalo.

Unprotected bamboo weathers.

Nezaštićeni bambus u različitim uvjetima propada.

Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.

Netretirani bambus postaje prašina.

And so that's why most people, especially in Asia,

I zato većina ljudi, posebno u Aziji,

think that you couldn't be poor enough or rural enough to actually want

misle da ne možeš biti dovoljno siromašan ili ruralan da zaista poželiš

to live in a bamboo house.

živjeti u kući od bambusa.

And so we thought,

Tako smo mi počeli razmišljati

what will it take to change their minds,

kako promijeniti njihovo mišljenje,

to convince people that bamboo is worth building with,

kako ih uvjeriti u to da je bambus dobar građevni materijal

much less worth aspiring to?

kojem treba težiti.

First, we needed safe treatment solutions.

Prvo su nam trebali sigurni načini tretiranja.

Borax is a natural salt.

Boraks je prirodna sol.

It turns bamboo into a viable building material.

Pretvara bambus u održiv građevinski materijal.

Treat it properly, design it carefully,

Uz dobro postupanje i pažljiv dizajn

and a bamboo structure can last a lifetime.

struktura od bambusa može trajati doživotno.

Second, build something extraordinary out of it.

Drugo, izgradite nešto izvanredno od njega.

Inspire people.

Inspirirajte ljude.

Fortunately,

Srećom,

Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.

balijska kultura njeguje zanatstvo.

It values the artisan.

Cijeni obrtnike.

So combine those with the adventurous outliers

Kada se to kombinira s avanturističkim pogledom

from new generations of locally trained architects

novih generacija lokalnih arhitekata,

and designers and engineers,

dizajnera i inženjera,

and always remember that you are designing

a uvijek imajte na umu da dizajnirate s

for curving, tapering, hollow poles.

vijugavim, šupljim, uskim stupovima.

No two poles alike, no straight lines,

Ne postoje dva ista stupa, nema ravnih linija,

no two-by-fours here.

nema 2x4 u ovom slučaju.

The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture

Iskušane i istinite pouzdane formule i rječnik arhitekture

do not apply here.

ovdje nisu primjenjive.

We have had to invent our own rules.

Morali smo smišljati vlastita pravila.

We ask the bamboo what it's good at, what it wants to become,

Pitamo bambus u čemu je dobar, što želi postati,

and what it says is: respect it, design for its strengths,

a on nam kaže da ga poštujemo, dizajniramo da se istaknu jake strane,

protect it from water, and to make the most of its curves.

zaštitimo ga od vode i što bolje iskoristimo njegovu vijugavost.

So we design in real 3D,

Dizajniramo u stvarnom 3D okruženju,

making scale structural models

stvaramo strukturne modele

out of the same material that we'll later use to build the house.

od istog materijala koji ćemo kasnije koristiti za izgradnju kuće.

And bamboo model-making, it's an art,

Izrada modela od bambusa je umjetnost,

as well as some hardcore engineering.

ali i ozbiljno inženjerstvo.

So that's the blueprint of the house.

Ovo je nacrt kuće.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And we bring it to site,

I donosimo ga na gradilište

and with tiny rulers, we measure each pole,

i pomoću sitnih ravnala mjerimo svaki stup,

and consider each curve, and we choose a piece of bamboo from the pile

uzimajući u obzir svaku krivulju i biramo komad bambusa s hrpe

to replicate that house on site.

za replikaciju te kuće na gradilištu.

When it comes down to the details, we consider everything.

Što se detalja tiče, sve uzimamo u obzir.

Why are doors so often rectangular?

Zašto su vrata često pravokutna?

Why not round?

Zašto nisu okrugla?

How could you make a door better?

Kako poboljšati vrata?

Well, its hinges battle with gravity,

Njihove se šarke bore s gravitacijom,

and gravity will always win in the end,

a gravitacija na kraju uvijek pobijedi,

so why not have it pivot on the center

tako da, zašto osovinu ne postaviti na

where it can stay balanced?

sredinu gdje će ostati uravnotežena?

And while you're at it, why not doors shaped like teardrops?

I kad smo već kod toga, zašto ih ne oblikovati kao suze?

To reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints

Za iskorištavanje određenih koristi i rad unutar ograničenja

of this material,

ovog materijala

we have really had to push ourselves,

zaista smo se morali potruditi,

and within that constraint, we have found space for something new.

a unutar tih ograničenja pronašli smo prostor za novitete.

It's a challenge: how do you make a ceiling

To je izazov: kako napraviti strop

if you don't have any flat boards to work with?

ako ne radite s ravnim plohama?

Let me tell you, sometimes I dream of sheet rock and plywood.

Iskreno, ponekad sanjam o gipsanim pločama i šperpločama.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But if what you've got is skilled craftsmen

Ali ako imate vješte zanatlije

and itsy bitsy little splits,

i vrlo sitne dijeliće,

weave that ceiling together,

istkajte taj strop,

stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.

prekrijte ga platnom i nalakirajte.

How do you design durable kitchen countertops

Kako dizajnirati dugotrajne kuhinjske radne površine

that do justice to this curving structure you've just built?

koje će se uklapati u ovu vijugavu strukturu koju ste upravo izgradili?

Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,

Narežite stijenu kao štrucu kruha,

hand-carve each to fit the other,

ručno izrežite svaku da odgovara drugoj,

leave the crusts on,

ostavite koru,

and what we're doing, it is almost entirely handmade.

i gotovo je sve potpuno ručno izrađeno.

The structural connections of our buildings

Strukturni su spojevi naših građevina ojačani

are reinforced by steel joints, but we use a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.

čeličnim spojnicama, ali koristimo i puno ručno izrađenih igli od bambusa.

There are thousands of pins in each floor.

U svakom se podu nalaze tisuće igli.

This floor is made of glossy and durable bamboo skin.

Ovaj je pod izrađen od sjajne i izdržljive kože bambusa.

You can feel the texture under bare feet.

Možete osjetiti teksturu pod bosom nogom.

And the floor that you walk on,

Može li pod utjecati na

can it affect the way that you walk?

način na koji hodate?

Can it change the footprint that you'll ultimately leave on the world?

Može li promijeniti trag koji ćete vi ostaviti na svijetu?

I remember being nine years old

Sjećam se kada sam imala 9 godina

and feeling wonder,

i čudila se,

and possibility,

razmišljala o mogućnostima,

and a little bit of idealism.

i malo idealizirala.

And we've got a really long way to go,

A ostalo nam je još toliko toga,

there's a lot left to learn,

mnogo toga moramo naučiti,

but one thing I know is that with creativity and commitment,

ali jednu stvar znam, a ta je da kreativnošću i predanošću

you can create beauty and comfort

možete stvoriti ljepotu i udobnost,

and safety and even luxury

sigurnost, pa čak i luksuz

out of a material that will grow back.

od materijala koji će ponovno narasti.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)