The world needs all kinds of minds | Temple Grandin

Prevodilac: Sandra Gojic Lektor: Ivana Korom

I think I'll start out and just talk a little bit

Mislim da ću početi sa objašnjenjem

šta je zapravo autizam.

about what exactly autism is.

Autism is a very big continuum

Autizam je vrlo širok pojam

that goes from very severe -- the child remains nonverbal --

koji se kreće od izuzetno ozbiljnog, dete ostaje neverbalno,

all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers.

pa sve do brilijantnih naučnika i inžinjera.

And I actually feel at home here,

I ja se zapravo ovde osećam kao kod kuće.

because there's a lot of autism genetics here.

Jer ovde ima izuzetno mnogo autistične genetike.

(Laughter)

AIi vi ih nemate...

You wouldn't have any --

(aplauz)

(Applause)

It's a continuum of traits.

To je spektar osobina.

When does a nerd turn into Asperger, which is just mild autism?

Kada se štreber preobrazi u

Asperegerov sindrom, što je samo blagi autizam?

I mean, Einstein and Mozart and Tesla would all be probably diagnosed

Hoću reći, Ajnštajn i Mocart

i Tesla, bi verovatno bili dijagnostikovani

as autistic spectrum today.

na današnjem autističnom spektru.

And one of the things that is really going to concern me

A jedna od stvari koja me brine je

kako da ova deca budu ona koja će da izmisle

is getting these kids to be the ones

that are going to invent the next energy things

sledeću energetsku stvar,

o kojoj je Bil Gejts jutros govorio.

that Bill Gates talked about this morning.

OK, now, if you want to understand autism: animals.

Okej. Sada, ako želite da razumete

autizam - životinje.

I want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking.

Želim sada da vam govorim o različitm načinima razmišljanja.

You have to get away from verbal language.

Morate da se udaljite od verbalnog jezika.

I think in pictures. I don't think in language.

Ja razmišljam u slikama.

Ne razmišljam u rečima.

Now, the thing about the autistic mind is it attends to details.

E sad, autističan um

se fokusira na detalje.

This is a test where you either have to pick out the big letters

Okej, ovo je test u kojem morate ili da

odaberete velika slova, ili mala.

or the little letters,

and the autistic mind picks out the little letters more quickly.

A autističan um izabere

mala znatno brže.

And the thing is, the normal brain ignores the details.

A normalan mozak ignoriše detalje.

Well, if you're building a bridge, details are pretty important

Pa, ako gradite most, detalji su prilično važni

jer će u suprotnom on pasti.

because it'll fall down if you ignore the details.

Moja velika briga jeste da stvari, zbog različitih pravila danas,

And one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today

postaju previše apstraktna.

is things are getting too abstract.

People are getting away from doing hands-on stuff.

Ljudi se udaljavaju od

stvari koje se rade rukama.

I'm really concerned that a lot of the schools

Zaista me brine to što su mnoge škole ukinule

have taken out the hands-on classes, because art, and classes like that --

časove praktičnog rada,

jer umetnost i slični predmeti,

those are the classes where I excelled.

su časovi na kojima sam se isticala.

In my work with cattle,

Okej, u mom radu sa stokom,

I noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice

primetila sam mnogo malih stvari koju većina ljudi ne vidi,

would make the cattle balk.

a koje obeshrabruju stoku. Na primer,

For example, this flag waving right in front of the veterinary facility.

lepršanje ove zastave, tik ispred veterinarske stanice.

This feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility;

Ovo polje za ispašu je trebalo da sruši čitavu veterinarsku ustanovu,

all they needed to do was move the flag.

a sve što je trebalo, je da uklone zastavu.

Rapid movement, contrast.

Brzi pokreti, kontrast.

In the early '70s when I started, I got right down in the chutes

Kada sam počela, u ranim '70-im, spustila

sam se u otvor da vidim ono što stoka vidi.

to see what cattle were seeing.

People thought that was crazy.

Ljudi su mislili da to nije normalno. Kaput na ogradi bi ih uplašio.

A coat on a fence would make them balk, shadows would make them balk,

Isti je slučaj sa senkama i crevima.

a hose on the floor -- people weren't noticing these things.

Ljudi nisu primećivali te stvari,

A chain hanging down ...

lanac koji visi,

And that's shown very, very nicely in the movie.

a to je vrlo lepo prikazano u filmu.

In fact, I loved the movie, how they duplicated all my projects.

U stvari sviđa mi se kako su

prikazali moje projekte na filmu. To je štreberska strana.

That's the geek side.

I moji crteži su se proslavili na filmu.

My drawings got to star in the movie, too.

And, actually, it's called "Temple Grandin,"

Film se zove Templ Grendin,

not "Thinking in Pictures."

a ne "Razmišljanje u slikama".

So what is thinking in pictures?

Šta je zapravo razmišljanje u slikama? To su bukvalno filmovi

It's literally movies in your head.

u vašim glavama.

My mind works like Google for images.

Moj mozak radi kao "Gugl" pretraga za slike.

E, kada sam bila dete, nisam znala da je moje razmišljanje drugačije.

When I was a young kid, I didn't know my thinking was different.

Mislila sam da svi razmišljaju u slikama.

I thought everybody thought in pictures.

I kada sam završila svoju knjigu, "Razmišljanje u slikama",

Then when I did my book, "Thinking in Pictures,"

počela sam da pitam ljude kako razmišljaju.

I started interviewing people about how they think.

And I was shocked to find out that my thinking was quite different.

I bila sam šokirana saznanjem da je moje razmišljanje

bilo prilično drugačije. Na primer, ako kažem

Like if I say, "Think about a church steeple,"

"Mislite na crkveni toranj"

most people get this sort of generalized generic one.

većina ljudi misli na jedan prosečan, uobičajen.

Now, maybe that's not true in this room,

Možda to ne važi za ljude u ovoj sobi,

but it's going to be true in a lot of different places.

ali važi za mnoga druga mesta.

I see only specific pictures.

Ja vidim samo specifične slike.

They flash up into my memory, just like Google for pictures.

One se pojavljuju u mojoj memoriji, baš kao "Gugl" slike.

And in the movie, they've got a great scene in there,

I na filmu ima jedna sjajna scena,

kada je izgovorena reč "cipela", gomila cipela iz '50-ih i '60-ih

where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole bunch of '50s and '60s shoes

pop into my imagination.

se pojavljuje u mom umu.

OK, there's my childhood church; that's specific.

Okej, ovo je crkva iz mog detinjstva.

Toliko specifično. Ima još, Fort Kolins.

There's some more, Fort Collins.

OK, how about famous ones?

A neka poznata?

And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.

I jednostavno se tako pojavljuju.

Just really quickly, like Google for pictures.

Vrlo brzo, kao "Gugl" fotografije.

And they come up one at a time,

I pojavljuju se jedna po jedna.

and then I think, "OK, well, maybe we can have it snow,

Ali onda razmišljam, možda mogu da padaju kao sneg,

or we can have a thunderstorm,"

ili da dolaze kao oluja,

and I can hold it there and turn them into videos.

i možda mogu da ih zadržim i pretvorim u video.

Now, visual thinking was a tremendous asset

E sad, vizuelno razmišljanje je imalo ogroman uticaj

in my work designing cattle-handling facilities.

na moje dizajniranje objekata za držanje stoke.

And I've worked really hard on improving how cattle are treated

I zaista sam naporno radila na unapređenju

načina tretiranja stoke u klanicama.

at the slaughter plant.

Neću prikazati odvratne slajdove klanica.

I'm not going to go into any gucky slaughter slides.

I've got that stuff up on YouTube, if you want to look at it.

Imam to na "Jutjubu", ako želite da pogledate.

Ali jedna od stvari koje sam bila u mogućnosti da uradim

(Laughter)

But one of the things that I was able to do in my design work

je da isprobam u svom umu

is I could test-run a piece of equipment in my mind,

deo opreme,

just like a virtual reality computer system.

baš kao u virtualnom kompjuterskom sistemu.

And this is an aerial view of a recreation of one of my projects

Ovo je ptičja perspektiva

jednog od mojih projekata koji je korišćen na filmu.

that was used in the movie.

That was like just so super cool.

To je bilo strava.

And there were a lot of, kind of, Asperger types and autism types

Na filmu je radilo mnogo

aspergerovih i autističnih tipova.

working out there on the movie set, too.

(smeh)

(Laughter)

But one of the things that really worries me is:

Ali jedna od stvari koje me zaista brinu,

je kuda idu mlađe verzije te dece.

Where's the younger version of those kids going today?

They're not ending up in Silicon Valley,

Ne završavaju u silikonskoj dolini, gde pripadaju.

where they belong.

(smeh)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

(aplauz)

One of the things I learned very early on because I wasn't that social,

Jednu stvar sam naučila prilično rano, jer nisam bila društvena,

is I had to sell my work, and not myself.

a to je da moram da prodam svoj rad, a ne sebe.

And the way I sold livestock jobs is I showed off my drawings,

A posao sa stokom sam dobijala tako

što sam pokazala svoje crteže, slike stvari.

I showed off pictures of things.

Another thing that helped me as a little kid

Još jedna stvar koja mi je pomogla, kao detetu,

is, boy, in the '50s, you were taught manners.

tokom pedesetih su nas učili lepom ponašanju.

You were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves

Učili su nas da ne možete uzeti proizvod sa police

u prodavnici i bacati ga naokolo.

in the store and throw it around.

Kada deca dođu u treći ili četvrti razred,

When kids get to be in third or fourth grade,

you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker,

primetićete da će ovo dete biti vizuelni mislilac,

drawing in perspective.

crta u perspektivi. Želim da

Now, I want to emphasize

naglasim da neće svako autistično dete

that not every autistic kid is going to be a visual thinker.

biti vizuelni mislilac.

Now, I had this brain scan done several years ago,

Skenirala sam mozak pre nekoliko godina

and I used to joke around about having a gigantic Internet trunk line

i šalila sam se naokolo kako mi

ta ogromna internet žica

going deep into my visual cortex.

ulazi duboko u vizuelni korteks.

This is tensor imaging.

Ovo je difuziono skeniranje.

And my great big Internet trunk line is twice as big as the control's.

I moja velika internet žica

je dvostruko veća od ove kod kontrolne.

The red lines there are me,

Crvene linije ovde, to sam ja,

and the blue lines are the sex and age-matched control.

a plave su od kontrolne osobe istog pola i uzrasta.

And there I got a gigantic one,

I tu imam jednu ogromnu,

and the control over there, the blue one, has got a really small one.

a kontrolna, ta plava,

ima vrlo malu.

And some of the research now is showing

I neka skorija istraživanja pokazuju

that people on the spectrum actually think with the primary visual cortex.

da ljudi na spektru zapravo razmišljaju primarnim vizuelnim korteksom.

Now, the thing is, the visual thinker is just one kind of mind.

Radi se o tome da su vizuelni mislioci samo jedna vrsta uma.

You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind --

Znate, autističan um ima tendenciju da postane specijalizovan.

good at one thing, bad at something else.

Dobar u jednoj stvari, loš u nekoj drugoj.

And where I was bad was algebra.

A ja sam bila loša u algebri. I nikada mi nije bilo dozvoljeno

And I was never allowed to take geometry or trig.

da pohađam geometriju ili trigonometriju.

Gigantic mistake.

Ogromna greška. Primetila sam da deca koja preskaču algebru,

I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,

go right to geometry and trig.

budu dobra u geometriji i trigonometriji.

Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.

E sad, još jedna vrsta razmišljanja jeste u šablonima.

More abstract.

Apstraktnije. Ovo su vaši inžinjeri,

These are your engineers, your computer programmers.

vaši kompjuterski programeri.

This is pattern thinking.

Ovo je razmišljanje u šablonima. Ova bogomoljka

That praying mantis is made from a single sheet of paper --

je napravljena od jednog lista papira,

no scotch tape, no cuts.

bez selotejpa, bez sečenja.

And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.

A u pozadini se nalazi obrazac za savijanje.

Here are the types of thinking:

Ovde su tipovi razmišljanja,

photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me;

foto realni vizuelni mislioci, poput mene.

pattern thinkers, music and math minds.

Šablonski mislioci, muzički i matematički umovi.

Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.

Neki od ovih često imaju problem sa čitanjem.

You also will see these kind of problems with kids that are dyslexic.

Takođe ćete videti ove probleme

kod disleksične dece.

You'll see these different kinds of minds.

Videćete ove različite vrste umova.

And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.

A onda je tu i verbalni um. Oni znaju sve činjenice o svemu.

Tu je naravno i problem osetljivosti.

Now, another thing is the sensory issues.

Bila sam zaista zabrinuta što ću morati da nosim ovu spravicu na licu.

I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget on my face.

And I came in half an hour beforehand

I došla sam pola sata ranije

so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,

kako bih je stavila i na neki način se navikla na nju.

and they got it bent so it's not hitting my chin.

I savili su je, kako me ne bi udarala u bradu.

But sensory is an issue.

Ali osetljivost jeste problem. Nekoj deci smetaju fluorescentna svetla;

Some kids are bothered by fluorescent lights;

others have problems with sound sensitivity.

druga imaju problem sa slušnom osetljivošću.

You know, it's going to be variable.

Znate, ima tu svega.

Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight

Vizuelno razmišljanje dalo mi je mnogo podataka

into the animal mind.

o životinjskom umu.

Because think about it: an animal is a sensory-based thinker,

Razmislite. Životinja je čulni mislilac,

not verbal -- thinks in pictures, thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.

ne verbalni. Razmišlja u slikama.

U zvukovima. U mirisima.

Think about how much information there is on the local fire hydrant.

Razmislite koliko mnogo informacija ima na lokalnom hidrantu.

He knows who's been there --

Ona zna ko je bio tu, kada je bio,

(Laughter)

When they were there.

da li su prijatelji ili neprijatelji, da li može sa nekim da se pari.

Are they friend or foe? Is there anybody he can go mate with?

There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.

Postoji milion informacija na tom hidrantu.

It's all very detailed information.

I sve su vrlo detaljne.

And looking at these kind of details gave me a lot of insight into animals.

I gledajući te detalje

dobila sam puno informacija o životinjama.

Now, the animal mind, and also my mind,

Životinjski um, ali i moj

puts sensory-based information into categories.

stavlja čulne infomacije

u kategorije.

Man on a horse,

Čovek na konju,

and a man on the ground --

i čovek na zemlji,

that is viewed as two totally different things.

se posmatraju kao dve različite kategorije.

You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.

Možete imati konja kojeg je zlostavljao jahač.

They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian

Potpuno su mirni kod veterinara,

and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him.

i sa potkivačem, ali ne možete da ih jašete.

You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up,

Imate i konja kojeg je možda potkivač tukao,

and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground with the veterinarian,

i bojaće se svega u vezi sa tlom,

i veterinarom, ali možete da ga jašete.

but a person can ride him.

I kod stoke je tako.

Cattle are the same way.

Man on a horse, a man on foot -- they're two different things.

Čovek na konju,

i čovek koji stoji, dve različite stvari.

You see, it's a different picture.

To je druga slika.

See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.

Želim da shvatite koliko je ovo specifično.

Now, this ability to put information into categories,

Ova sposobnost grupisanja informacija u kategorije,

I find a lot of people are not very good at this.

nije razvijena kod mnogih ljudi.

When I'm out troubleshooting equipment

Kada rešavam problem sa opremom

or problems with something in a plant,

ili problem negde u fabrici,

they don't seem to be able to figure out:

ne mogu da shvate, "Da li je problem u obuci radnika?

"Do I have a training-people issue?

Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"

Ili nešto ne valja sa opremom?"

In other words, categorize equipment problem from a people problem.

Drugim rečima, odvojite problem sa opremom,

od problema sa ljudima.

I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.

Vidim da mnogima to predstavlja poteškoću.

Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.

Hajde da kažemo da je problem u opremi.

Is it a minor problem, with something simple I can fix?

Da li je mali, nešto jednostvano što mogu popraviti?

Ili je ceo sistem pogrešan?

Or is the whole design of the system wrong?

People have a hard time figuring that out.

Ljudima je teško da to shvate.

Let's just look at something like, you know,

Da uzmemo, na primer, problem

solving problems with making airlines safer.

poboljšanja sigurnosti aviona.

Yeah, I'm a million-mile flier.

Da ja sam preletela preko milion milja.

I do lots and lots of flying,

Mnogo letim,

and if I was at the FAA,

i da sam u FAA (Federalna administracija avijacije)

what would I be doing a lot of direct observation of?

šta bih mogla da direktno posmatram?

It would be their airplane tails.

To bi bili repovi njihovih aviona.

You know, five fatal wrecks in the last 20 years,

Pet fatalnih nesreća u poslednjih 20 godina,

the tail either came off,

dogodilo se zbog kvara repa ili zbog nekih njegovih

or steering stuff inside the tail broke in some way.

delova.

It's tails, pure and simple.

Repovi, vrlo jednostavno.

And when the pilots walk around the plane, guess what?

A kada piloti šetaju avionom, znate šta? Ne mogu da vide

They can't see that stuff inside the tail.

stvari unutar repa.

Now as I think about that,

Kada sad razmišljam o tome,

I'm pulling up all of that specific information.

izvlačim sve te specifične informacije.

It's specific.

Speficične su. Dakle, moje razmišljanje ide od dole ka gore.

See, my thinking's bottom-up.

I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together like a puzzle.

Uzmem sve te male delove i sastavim ih poput slagalice.

Now, here is a horse that was deathly afraid of black cowboy hats.

Ovo je konj koji se na smrt plašio

crnih kaubojskih šešira.

He'd been abused by somebody with a black cowboy hat.

Zlostavljao ga je neko sa crnim kaubojskim šeširom.

White cowboy hats, that was absolutely fine.

Beli su bili potpuno u redu.

Now, the thing is, the world is going to need

Činjenica je da će svetu biti potrebno

all of the different kinds of minds to work together.

da različite vrste umova

rade zajedno.

We've got to work on developing all these different kinds of minds.

Moramo da radimo na razvoju svih ovih vrsta umova.

And one of the things that is driving me really crazy

I jedna od stvari koja me zaista izluđuje,

as I travel around and I do autism meetings,

dok putujem na sastanke o autizmu,

is I'm seeing a lot of smart, geeky, nerdy kids,

je to što viđam puno pametne štreberske dece.

and they just aren't very social,

I nisu preterano društvena.

and nobody's working on developing their interest

I niko ne radi na razvoju njihovih interesovanja

u pravcu nauke.

in something like science.

And this brings up the whole thing of my science teacher.

I to povlači pitanje mog profesora prirodnih nauka.

My science teacher is shown absolutely beautifully in the movie.

On je divno prikazan na filmu.

I was a goofball student when I was in high school.

Kao učenik, bila sam predmet sprdnje. U srednjoj školi

mi učenje uopšte nije bilo bitno,

I just didn't care at all about studying,

until I had Mr. Carlock's science class.

sve dok nisam došla na časove gospodina Karloka.

He was now Dr. Carlock in the movie.

U filmu je on dr Karlok.

And he got me challenged to figure out an optical illusion room.

I on me je zainteresovao

da shvatim sobu sa optičkom iluzijom.

This brings up the whole thing of you've got to show kids

Ovo nas dovodi do toga da deci morate da pokažete gomilu

interesting stuff.

zanimljivih stvari.

You know, one of the things that I think maybe TED ought to do

Jedna od stvari koje mislim da TED treba da uradi

is tell all the schools about all the great lectures that are on TED,

je da školama predstavi sve sjajne lekcije sa TEDa,

a postoje mnoge sjajne stvari na internetu,

and there's all kinds of great stuff on the Internet

kako bi se ova deca pokrenula.

to get these kids turned on.

Jer viđam mnogo pametne štreberske dece,

Because I'm seeing a lot of these geeky, nerdy kids,

and the teachers out in the Midwest and other parts of the country

i učitelja na srednjem zapadu i drugim delovima zemlje,

when you get away from these tech areas,

kada se pomerite iz ovih regija,

they don't know what to do with these kids.

vidite da ne znaju šta da rade sa ovom decom.

And they're not going down the right path.

I ne idu dobrim putem.

The thing is, you can make a mind

Činjenica je da možete da napravite um

to be more of a thinking and cognitive mind,

koji je više kognitivni, razmišljajući.

or your mind can be wired to be more social.

Ili može da bude više socijalan.

And what some of the research now has shown in autism

Skorija istraživanja autizma su pokazala

is there may by extra wiring back here in the really brilliant mind,

da možda postoji dodatna veza tu pozadi,

u zaista brilijantnom umu, a da gubimo nekoliko socijalnih krugova.

and we lose a few social circuits here.

Kao neka vrsta razmene između razmišljanja i društvenosti.

It's kind of a trade-off between thinking and social.

And then you can get to the point where it's so severe,

A onda dođete do tačke kada je on veoma ozbiljan

you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal.

i imate osobu koja je neverbalna.

In the normal human mind,

U normalnom ljudskom umu

language covers up the visual thinking we share with animals.

jezik nadomešta vizuelno razmišljanje koje delimo sa životinjama.

This is the work of Dr. Bruce Miller.

Ovo je rad dr Brusa Milera.

On je proučavao pacijente sa alchajmerom,

He studied Alzheimer's patients that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.

sa demencijom frontalnog temporalnog režnja.

And the dementia ate out the language parts of the brain.

I demencija je pojela govorne delove mozga,

And then this artwork came out of somebody

a ovo umetničko delo je proizvod nekoga ko je ugrađivao radio u automobile.

who used to install stereos in cars.

Now, Van Gogh doesn't know anything about physics,

Van Gog ne zna ništa o fizici.

but I think it's very interesting that there was some work done

Ali mislim da je vrlo zanimljivo

to što su neka istraživanja pokazala da

to show that this eddy pattern in this painting

ova vrtložna šema na ovoj slici

followed a statistical model of turbulence,

odgovara statističkom modelu turbulencije.

which brings up the whole interesting idea

Što povlači zanimljivu tezu

of maybe some of this mathematical patterns is in our own head.

da su neki od ovih metematičkih modela

u našim glavama.

And the Wolfram stuff --

I stvari o Volframu,

I was taking notes and writing down all the search words I could use,

beležila sam sve reči za pretragu

koje mogu da koristim

because I think that's going to go on in my autism lectures.

jer mislim da ću da ubacim to u svojim predavanjima.

We've got to show these kids interesting stuff.

Moramo ovoj deci pokazati zanimljive stvari.

And they've taken out the auto-shop class

A časovi mehanike za kola, časovi

and the drafting class and the art class.

izrade i časovi umetnosti su izbačeni.

I mean, art was my best subject in school.

Umetnost je bio moj omiljeni predmet u školi.

We've got to think about all these different kinds of minds,

Moramo da razmišljamo o svim ovim različitim umovima.

I apsolutno moramo da radimo sa ovim umovima,

and we've got to absolutely work with these kind of minds,

because we absolutely are going to need

jer ćemo apsolutno trebati

these kinds of people in the future.

ovu vrstu ljudi u budućnosti.

And let's talk about jobs.

Hajde da razgovaramo o poslovima.

OK, my science teacher got me studying,

Moj profesor nauke me je naterao da učim

because I was a goofball that didn't want to study.

jer sam bila klovan koji to nije hteo.

But you know what? I was getting work experience.

Ali znate šta? Sticala sam radno iskustvo.

I'm seeing too many of these smart kids who haven't learned basic things,

Viđam previše pametne dece koja nisu naučila osnovne stvari,

poput dolaska na vreme.

like how to be on time -- I was taught that when I was eight years old.

To sam naučila sa osam godina.

Znate, lepo ponašanje za stolom nedeljom kod bake.

How to have table manners at granny's Sunday party.

To sam naučila vrlo rano.

I was taught that when I was very, very young.

And when I was 13, I had a job at a dressmaker's shop sewing clothes.

Sa 13 sam dobila posao u krojačkoj radnji,

šila sam.

I did internships in college,

Imala sam praksu na fakultetu.

I was building things,

Gradila sam stvari.

and I also had to learn how to do assignments.

I morala sam da naučim kako da ispunjavam zaduženja.

You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures of horses when I was little.

Znate, sve što sam kao mala htela da radim, je da crtam konje.

My mother said, "Well let's do a picture of something else."

Majka bi rekla: "Hajde da nacrtamo nešto drugo.".

Moraju da nauče da rade nešto drugo.

They've got to learn how to do something else.

Zamislite da je dete fiksirano na "Lego" kocke.

Let's say the kid is fixated on Legos.

Neka počne da gradi različite stvari.

Let's get him working on building different things.

The thing about the autistic mind is it tends to be fixated.

Činjenica u vezi sa autističnim umom

jeste da ima tendenciju da se fiksira.

Like if the kid loves race cars, let's use race cars for math.

Kao na primer, ako dete voli trkačke automobile,

hajde da ih iskoristimo za matematiku.

Let's figure out how long it takes a race car to go a certain distance.

Hajde da vidimo koliko mu vremena treba da pređe određenu razdaljinu.

In other words, use that fixation

Drugim rečima, da iskoristimo tu fiksiranost

in order to motivate that kid, that's one of the things we need to do.

u svrhu motivisanja tog deteta. To je jedna od stvari koje moramo da uradimo.

I really get fed up when the teachers,

Stvarno mi je preko glave, znate, učitelja,

especially when you get away from this part of the country,

naročito kada odete iz ovog dela zemlje,

they don't know what to do with these smart kids.

ne znaju šta da rade sa pametnom decom.

To me izluđuje.

It just drives me crazy.

What can visual thinkers do when they grow up?

Šta vizuelni mislioci mogu da rade kad odrastu?

They can do graphic design, all kinds of stuff with computers,

Mogu da se bave grafičkim dizajnom, sve u vezi sa kompjuterima,

photography, industrial design.

fotografija, industrijski dizajn.

The pattern thinkers -- they're the ones that are going to be your mathematicians,

Šablonski mislioci, oni će biti

matematičari, softverski inžinjeri,

your software engineers, your computer programmers,

kompjuterski programeri, takve vrste zanimanja.

all of those kinds of jobs.

And then you've got the word minds; they make great journalists,

I onda imamo verbalne umove. Oni su sjajni novinari.

and they also make really, really good stage actors.

I oni su odlični kao pozorišni glumci.

Because the thing about being autistic is,

Stvar u vezi sa autizmom je,

I had to learn social skills like being in a play.

morala sam da naučim socijalne veštine kao što je gluma.

You just kind of ... you just have to learn it.

Radi se o tome da to morate da naučite.

And we need to be working with these students.

I moramo da radimo sa ovakvim studentima.

And this brings up mentors.

I to uključuje pitanje mentora.

You know, my science teacher was not an accredited teacher.

Znate, moj profesor prirodnih nauka nije bio akreditovani učitelj.

He was a NASA space scientist.

On je bio NASin svemirski naučnik.

Some states now are getting it to where, if you have a degree in biology

Neke države sada omogućavaju da

sa diplomom iz biologije ili hemije

or in chemistry,

you can come into the school and teach biology or chemistry.

predajete te predmete u školi.

We need to be doing that.

Treba to da činimo.

Because what I'm observing is,

Jer primećujem da

the good teachers, for a lot of these kids,

su mnogi dobri učitelji

are out in the community colleges.

na državnim fakultetima.

But we need to be getting some of these good teachers

Treba da učinimo sve da rade u srednjim školama.

into the high schools.

Još jedna stvar koja može biti vrlo korisna,

Another thing that can be very, very, very successful is:

ima mnogo judi koji su se penzionisali

there's a lot of people that may have retired

from working in the software industry,

iz rada u softverskoj industriji i oni mogu da uče vašu decu.

and they can teach your kid.

I nema veze ako ih uče nečemu što je zastarelo,

And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,

because what you're doing is you're lighting the spark.

jer na taj način pale njihove varnice.

You're getting that kid turned on.

Uključujete to dete.

And you get him turned on, then you'll learn all the new stuff.

I ako to uspete, onda će ono naučiti sve novine.

Mentors are just essential.

Mentori su ključni.

I cannot emphasize enough what my science teacher did for me.

Ne mogu dovoljno da istaknem

šta je moj profesor nauke uradio za mene.

And we've got to mentor them, hire them.

I moramo da im budemo mentori, da ih angažujemo.

And if you bring them in for internships in your companies,

I ako ih dovedete da stažiraju u nekoj kompaniji,

stvar u vezi sa autizmom, aspergerovim umom,

the thing about the autism, Asperger-y kind of mind,

you've got to give them a specific task.

morate da im date specifičan zadatak. Nemojte reći: "Dizajniraj novi softver."

Don't just say, "Design new software."

Morate im reći nešto mnogo specifičnije.

You've got to tell them something more specific:

"Pravimo softver za telefon

"We're designing software for a phone

and it has to do some specific thing,

i mora da radi neke određene stvari.

and it can only use so much memory."

I može da koristi samo toliko memorije."

That's the kind of specificity you need.

To je specifičnost koja vam treba.

Well, that's the end of my talk.

Pa, to je kraj mog predavanja.

And I just want to thank everybody for coming.

Želim da se zahvalim svima što ste došli.

It was great to be here.

Bilo je sjajno biti ovde.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

(Applause ends)

Oh, imate pitanje za mene? Okej.

Oh -- you have a question for me? OK.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

Kris Anderson: Mnogo Vam hvala za to.

Chris Anderson: Thank you so much for that.

You know, you once wrote -- I like this quote:

Znate, jendom ste napisali, volim ovaj citat:

"If by some magic, autism had been eradicated from the face of the Earth,

"Ako bi se nekim čudom

autizam uklonio sa lica Zemlje,

then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire

ljudi bi se i dalje družili ispred vatre

at the entrance to a cave."

na ulazu u pećinu."

(Laughter)

Temple Grandin: Because who do you think made the first stone spear?

Templ Grendin: Šta mislite ko je napravio prvo kameno koplje?

Momak sa aspergerom. I ako biste uklonili svu autističnu genetiku

It was the Asperger guy,

and if you were to get rid of all the autism genetics,

ne bi više bilo silikonske doline,

there'd be no more Silicon Valley, and the energy crisis would not be solved.

i energetska kriza se ne bi rešila.

(aplauz)

(Applause)

CA: I want to ask you a couple other questions,

KA: Hteo sam da Vam postavim još nekoliko pitanja.

I ako bilo koje bude neprimereno

and if any of these feel inappropriate, it's OK just to say, "Next question."

u redu je da kažete: "Sledeće pitanje".

But if there is someone here who has an autistic child,

Ali ako ovde imamo nekoga

čije je dete autistično,

or knows an autistic child and feels kind of cut off from them,

ili poznaje takvo dete

i oseća se nekako odsečeno od njega,

what advice would you give them?

koji savet biste im dali?

TG: Well, first of all, we've got to look at age.

TG: Pa prvo morate da pogledate uzrast.

Ako imate dvogodišnjaka, trogodišnjaka ili četvorogodišnjaka

If you have a two, three or four-year-old, no speech, no social interaction,

znate, ne govori, nema socijalne interakcije,

I can't emphasize enough: Don't wait.

ne mogu dovoljno da naglasim,

ne čekajte, treba vam minimum 20 sati nedeljno učenja jedan na jedan.

You need at least 20 hours a week of one-to-one teaching.

The thing is, autism comes in different degrees.

Znate, autizam se javlja u različitim stepenima.

About half of the people on the spectrum are not going to learn to talk,

Otprilike polovina ljudi na spektru

neće biti u stanju da govori i oni neće raditi

and they won't be working in Silicon Valley.

u silikonskoj dolini, to ne bi bila razumna stvar za njih.

That would not be a reasonable thing for them to do.

Ali imate i pametnu štrebersku decu

But then you get these smart, geeky kids with a touch of autism,

sa mrvicom autizma,

and that's where you've got to get them turned on

i tada morate da ih zainteresujete da se bave

with doing interesting things.

zanimljivim stvarima.

I got social interaction through shared interests --

Ja sam dobila socijalnu interakciju preko zajedničkih ineresovanja.

I rode horses with other kids, I made model rockets with other kids,

Jahala sam sa drugom decom. Pravila sam modele raketa sa njima,

did electronics lab with other kids.

pravila elektronske laboratorije,

And in the '60s, it was gluing mirrors onto a rubber membrane on a speaker

a tokom '60-tih sam lepila ogledala

na gumenu membranu zvučnika da napravim svetlosni šou.

to make a light show.

That was, like, we considered that super cool.

To je bilo, mislili smo da je to super kul.

(Laughter)

KA: Da li je nerealno

CA: Is it unrealistic for them

to hope or think that that child loves them, as some might, as most, wish?

da se nadaju ili da misle da će to dete

da ih voli, kao što neki ili mnogi žele?

TG: Well, I tell you, that child will be loyal,

TG: Pa da vam kažem, to dete će vam biti odano.

and if your house is burning down, they're going to get you out of it.

I ako vaša kuća gori, to dete će vas spasiti.

KA: Vau. Dakle, većina ljudi, ako ih pitate

CA: Wow. So most people, if you ask them what they're most passionate about,

šta je njihova strast, reći će nešto poput:

they'd say things like, "My kids" or "My lover."

"Moja deca" ili " Moj ljubavnik".

Šta je Vaša strast?

What are you most passionate about?

TG: I'm passionate about that the things I do

TG: Uzbuđuje me to što će stvari koje činim

od sveta napraviti bolje mesto.

are going to make the world a better place.

Kada mi majka autističnog deteta kaže:

When I have a mother of an autistic child say,

"Moje dete je zahvaljujući Vašoj knjizi otišao na fakultet,

"My kid went to college because of your book

ili zbog Vašeg predavanja". To me čini srećnom.

or one of your lectures,"

that makes me happy.

Znate, klanice, radila sam sa njima

You know, the slaughter plants I worked with in the '80s;

tokom '80tih; bile su potpuno užasne.

they were absolutely awful.

I developed a really simple scoring system for slaughter plants,

Razvila sam vrlo jednostavan sistem bodovanja za klanice

where you just measure outcomes:

gde merite samo ishod, koliko stoke je palo,

How many cattle fell down?

koliko stoke je bilo ubodeno štapom,

How many got poked with the prodder?

How many cattle are mooing their heads off?

koliko stoke besomučno muče?

I vrlo je jednostavno.

And it's very, very simple.

You directly observe a few simple things.

Direktno posmatrate nekoliko jednostavnih stvari.

It's worked really well.

Poslužilo je dobro. Čini me zadovoljnom

I get satisfaction out of seeing stuff

kada vidim da se stvari menjaju

that makes real change in the real world.

u stvarnom svetu. Treba nam toga više,

We need a lot more of that, and a lot less abstract stuff.

a mnogo manje apstraktnih stvari.

CA: Totally.

(aplauz)

(Applause)

CA: When we were talking on the phone, one of the things you said

KA: Kada smo razgovarali telefonom, jedna od stvari koju ste rekli

zaista me zapanjila. Rekli ste da

that really astonished me

was that one thing you were passionate about was server farms.

su vaša strast farme servera. Recite mi o tome.

Tell me about that.

TG: Razlog zbog kojeg sam se uzbudila dok sam čitala o tome

TG: Well, the reason why I got really excited when I read about that,

je to što sadrže znanje.

it contains knowledge.

It's libraries.

To su biblioteke.

And to me, knowledge is something that is extremely valuable.

A za mene je znanje

vrlo, vrlo vredno. I pre nekih 10 godina

So, maybe over 10 years ago now, our library got flooded.

naša biblioteka je poplavljena.

This is before the Internet got really big.

I to je pre nego što je internet postao popularan.

And I was really upset about all the books being wrecked,

I bila sam uznemirena zbog knjiga koje su uništene,

jer je znanje uništeno.

because it was knowledge being destroyed.

A farme servera ili baze podataka

And server farms, or data centers, are great libraries of knowledge.

su sjajne biblioteke znanja.

CA: Temple, can I just say,

KA: Templ, mogu reći da je bilo zadovoljstvo imati Vas kao gosta.

it's an absolute delight to have you at TED.

TG: Mnogo vam hvala. Hvala vam.

Thank you so much.

TG: Well, thank you so much. Thank you.

(aplauz)

(Applause)