The world needs all kinds of minds | Temple Grandin

Translator: Pei Fang Ng Reviewer: Syarmine Shah

I think I'll start out and just talk a little bit

Saya akan mulakan dengan bercakap sedikit tentang apa itu autisme.

about what exactly autism is.

Autism is a very big continuum

Autisme ialah satu kontinum yang besar:

that goes from very severe -- the child remains nonverbal --

daripada autisme yang sangat serius -- kanak-kanak yang tiada interaksi verbal --

all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers.

sehinggalah ahli sains dan jurutera yang bijak.

And I actually feel at home here,

Saya sebenarnya rasa sangat selesa di sini

because there's a lot of autism genetics here.

kerana ada banyak genetik autisme di sini.

(Laughter)

Anda tidak akan...

You wouldn't have any --

(Tepukan)

(Applause)

It's a continuum of traits.

Ia sebuah kontinum ciri-ciri.

When does a nerd turn into Asperger, which is just mild autism?

Bilakah seseorang itu didapati menderitai

sindrom Asperger, yang merupakan autisme yang tidak serius?

I mean, Einstein and Mozart and Tesla would all be probably diagnosed

Mungkin Einstein, Mozart dan

Tesla akan didiagnosis dengan

as autistic spectrum today.

spektrum autistik pada hari ini.

And one of the things that is really going to concern me

Salah satu perkara yang saya ambil berat ialah,

membolehkan anak-anak ini menjadi pencipta

is getting these kids to be the ones

that are going to invent the next energy things

dalam hal yang berkaitan dengan tenaga,

seperti ucapan Bill Gates pada pagi ini.

that Bill Gates talked about this morning.

OK, now, if you want to understand autism: animals.

Jika anda mahu memahami

autisme, haiwan,...

I want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking.

Saya mahu bercakap tentang cara-cara pemikiran yang berbeza.

You have to get away from verbal language.

Anda perlu elakkan penggunaan bahasa lisan.

I think in pictures. I don't think in language.

Saya berfikir menggunakan gambaran,

saya tidak berfikir menggunakan bahasa.

Now, the thing about the autistic mind is it attends to details.

Minda autistik

memfokuskan pada perincian.

This is a test where you either have to pick out the big letters

Ini sebuah ujian di mana anda perlu

pilih huruf besar atau huruf kecil.

or the little letters,

and the autistic mind picks out the little letters more quickly.

Minda autistik akan pilih huruf kecil dengan lebih cepat.

And the thing is, the normal brain ignores the details.

Otak yang normal akan abaikan perincian.

Well, if you're building a bridge, details are pretty important

Jika anda bina sebuah jambatan, perincian adalah penting

kerana ia akan roboh jika perincian diabaikan.

because it'll fall down if you ignore the details.

Banyak polisi pada masa kini menjadi semakin abstrak.

And one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today

is things are getting too abstract.

People are getting away from doing hands-on stuff.

Orang ramai semakin tidak mengutamakan kemahiran tangan.

I'm really concerned that a lot of the schools

Saya risau kerana banyak sekolah telah keluarkan kelas kemahiran tangan.

have taken out the hands-on classes, because art, and classes like that --

Sebab, seni dan kelas-kelas sebegini

those are the classes where I excelled.

ialah kelas-kelas di mana saya cemerlang.

In my work with cattle,

Semasa saya menguruskan lembu,

I noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice

saya sedar hal-hal remeh yang tidak disedari kebanyakan orang

would make the cattle balk.

yang akibatkan lembu mogok. Contohnya,

For example, this flag waving right in front of the veterinary facility.

bendera yang berkibar di depan kemudahan veterinar.

This feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility;

Seluruh kemudahan veterinar ini akan dirobohkan

all they needed to do was move the flag.

sedangkan hanya bendera itu yang perlu dialihkan.

Rapid movement, contrast.

Pergerakan yang pantas, kontras.

In the early '70s when I started, I got right down in the chutes

Semasa saya bermula pada tahun 70-an, saya masuk ke empis

untuk melihat apa yang dilihat lembu.

to see what cattle were seeing.

People thought that was crazy.

Orang ramai ingat ia gila. Sehelai kot pada dinding,

A coat on a fence would make them balk, shadows would make them balk,

bayang-bayang, hos di lantai akan akibatkan lembu mogok.

a hose on the floor -- people weren't noticing these things.

Orang ramai tidak sedar hal-hal ini --

A chain hanging down ...

Rantai yang tergantung --

And that's shown very, very nicely in the movie.

Ia ditunjukkan dengan baik dalam filem itu.

In fact, I loved the movie, how they duplicated all my projects.

Saya suka filem itu. Bagaimana mereka

hasilkan projek saya. Itu penampilan gek saya.

That's the geek side.

Lukisan saya juga muncul dalam filem itu.

My drawings got to star in the movie, too.

And, actually, it's called "Temple Grandin,"

Filem itu dinamakan "Temple Grandin",

not "Thinking in Pictures."

bukannya "Berfikir Menggunakan Gambaran."

So what is thinking in pictures?

Apakah itu berfikir menggunakan gambaran?

It's literally movies in your head.

Ini seperti filem di dalam otak.

My mind works like Google for images.

Minda saya berfungsi seperti gambar-gambar di Google.

Semasa kecil, saya tidak tahu cara pemikiran saya berbeza.

When I was a young kid, I didn't know my thinking was different.

Saya ingat semua orang berfikir menggunakan gambaran.

I thought everybody thought in pictures.

Semasa saya menulis buku saya, "Berfikir Menggunakan Gambaran,"

Then when I did my book, "Thinking in Pictures,"

saya menemu ramah orang ramai tentang bagaimana mereka berfikir.

I started interviewing people about how they think.

And I was shocked to find out that my thinking was quite different.

Saya terkejut apabila mendapati

cara pemikiran saya agak berbeza. Contohnya, jika saya kata,

Like if I say, "Think about a church steeple,"

"Fikirkan sebuah menara gereja",

most people get this sort of generalized generic one.

kebanyakan orang terbayangkan gereja generik.

Now, maybe that's not true in this room,

Mungkin ia tidak benar di sini,

but it's going to be true in a lot of different places.

tapi ia benar di banyak tempat yang lain.

I see only specific pictures.

Saya hanya melihat gambar yang khusus.

They flash up into my memory, just like Google for pictures.

Ia muncul di memori saya seperti gambar-gambar di Google.

And in the movie, they've got a great scene in there,

Di filem itu, terdapat satu babak di mana

setelah perkataan "kasut" disebut, banyak kasut tahun 50-an dan 60-an

where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole bunch of '50s and '60s shoes

pop into my imagination.

muncul dalam imaginasi saya.

OK, there's my childhood church; that's specific.

Itulah gereja zaman kanak-kanak saya.

Ia khusus. Terdapat lebih banyak lagi, Fort Collins.

There's some more, Fort Collins.

OK, how about famous ones?

Bagaimana dengan yang terkenal?

And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.

Ia muncul seperti ini.

Just really quickly, like Google for pictures.

Sangat cepat, seperti gambar-gambar di Google.

And they come up one at a time,

Satu gambar muncul pada satu-satu masa.

and then I think, "OK, well, maybe we can have it snow,

Saya fikir, "Mungkin saya boleh fikiran keadaan bersalji,

or we can have a thunderstorm,"

atau beribut petir,"

and I can hold it there and turn them into videos.

saya boleh mengubahnya ke dalam bentuk video.

Now, visual thinking was a tremendous asset

Pemikiran visual ialah aset yang sangat penting

in my work designing cattle-handling facilities.

dalam reka bentuk kemudahan pengendalian lembu saya.

And I've worked really hard on improving how cattle are treated

Saya bekerja keras untuk memperbaik

bagaimana lembu dilayan di tempat sembelih.

at the slaughter plant.

Saya tidak akan tunjukkan slaid penyembelihan lembu.

I'm not going to go into any gucky slaughter slides.

I've got that stuff up on YouTube, if you want to look at it.

Ia terdapat di YouTube jika anda mahu lihat.

Satu perkara yang saya dapat lakukan dalam reka bentuk saya ialah,

(Laughter)

But one of the things that I was able to do in my design work

menguji sebuah kemudahan dalam minda saya,

is I could test-run a piece of equipment in my mind,

menguji sebuah kemudahan dalam minda saya,

just like a virtual reality computer system.

seperti sistem komputer realiti maya.

And this is an aerial view of a recreation of one of my projects

Ini ialah pandangan udara

salah satu projek saya yang dihasilkan semula dalam filem itu.

that was used in the movie.

That was like just so super cool.

Ia sangat hebat.

And there were a lot of, kind of, Asperger types and autism types

Terdapat banyak orang yang menderitai Asperger

dan autisme yang bekerja di set filem juga.

working out there on the movie set, too.

(Gelak ketawa)

(Laughter)

But one of the things that really worries me is:

Salah satu perkara yang risaukan saya ialah:

Anak-anak ini pergi ke mana?

Where's the younger version of those kids going today?

They're not ending up in Silicon Valley,

Bukannya di Silicon Valley, di mana mereka sepatutnya berada.

where they belong.

(Gelak ketawa)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

(Tepukan)

One of the things I learned very early on because I wasn't that social,

Salah satu perkara yang saya belajar di tahap awal ialah,

is I had to sell my work, and not myself.

saya perlu menjual hasil kerja saya, tapi bukan diri sendiri.

And the way I sold livestock jobs is I showed off my drawings,

Saya menjual hasil kerja saya dengan

menunjukkan lukisan saya dan gambar.

I showed off pictures of things.

Another thing that helped me as a little kid

Semasa tahun 50-an, adab sopan diajarkan.

is, boy, in the '50s, you were taught manners.

Ia membantu saya semasa saya kecil.

You were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves

Saya diajar agar jangan tarik barang niaga dari rak

di kedai dan buangkannya.

in the store and throw it around.

Apabila anak-anak belajar di gred 3 atau 4,

When kids get to be in third or fourth grade,

you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker,

anda mungkin dapati bahawa mereka berfikiran visual.

drawing in perspective.

melukis secara perspektif. Saya mahu tegaskan

Now, I want to emphasize

bukannya setiap anak autistik

that not every autistic kid is going to be a visual thinker.

berfikir secara visual.

Now, I had this brain scan done several years ago,

Beberapa tahun lalu, saya jalani imbasan otak.

and I used to joke around about having a gigantic Internet trunk line

Saya kerap bergurau tentang

talian jauh Internet yang besar

going deep into my visual cortex.

ke bahagian korteks visual saya.

This is tensor imaging.

Ini imej tensor.

And my great big Internet trunk line is twice as big as the control's.

Talian jauh Internet saya

dua kali ganda lebih besar daripada subjek kawalan.

The red lines there are me,

Garisan merah itu milik saya;

and the blue lines are the sex and age-matched control.

garisan biru itu milik subjek kawalan yang sejantina dan seusia saya.

And there I got a gigantic one,

Garisan saya sangat besar;

and the control over there, the blue one, has got a really small one.

Garisan biru milik subjek kawalan

adalah sangat kecil.

And some of the research now is showing

Beberapa kajian kini menunjukkan bahawa

that people on the spectrum actually think with the primary visual cortex.

mereka yang berada di spektrum berfikir menggunakan korteks visual utama.

Now, the thing is, the visual thinker is just one kind of mind.

Pemikiran visual ialah sejenis pemikiran.

You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind --

Minda autistik lebih cenderung kepada minda pakar -

good at one thing, bad at something else.

pandai dalam sesuatu, tidak pandai dalam sesuatu yang lain.

And where I was bad was algebra.

Saya tidak pandai dalam algebra. Saya tidak dibenarkan

And I was never allowed to take geometry or trig.

belajar geometri atau trigonometri.

Gigantic mistake.

Kesilapan besar: Saya dapati banyak budak yang tidak belajar algebra

I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,

go right to geometry and trig.

belajar geometri dan trigonometri.

Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.

Seterusnya, pemikiran berdasarkan corak.

More abstract.

Ia lebih abstrak. Mereka ialah jurutera,

These are your engineers, your computer programmers.

pengatur cara komputer.

This is pattern thinking.

Ini pemikiran berdasarkan corak. Mentadak itu

That praying mantis is made from a single sheet of paper --

ialah hasil lipatan sehelai kertas -

no scotch tape, no cuts.

tidak gunakan pita Scotch dan gunting.

And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.

Latar belakangnya ialah corak melipat.

Here are the types of thinking:

Semua ini ialah jenis-jenis pemikiran:

photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me;

pemikiran visual foto-realistik, seperti saya;

pattern thinkers, music and math minds.

pemikiran berdasarkan corak - berminda muzik dan matematik.

Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.

Sesetengah daripadanya mempunyai masalah membaca.

You also will see these kind of problems with kids that are dyslexic.

Terdapat juga masalah di mana

anak-anak menderitai disleksia.

You'll see these different kinds of minds.

Anda akan melihat pemikiran yang berbeza ini.

And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.

Seterusnya, pemikiran verbal. Mereka tahu setiap fakta tentang apa-apa saja.

Terdapat juga isu deria.

Now, another thing is the sensory issues.

Saya risau kerana saya terpaksa pakai alat ini di muka saya.

I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget on my face.

And I came in half an hour beforehand

Saya datang ke sini setengah jam lebih awal

so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,

agar saya dapat pakai dan biasakan diri dengannya.

and they got it bent so it's not hitting my chin.

Ia dibengkokkan agar tidak terkena dagu saya.

But sensory is an issue.

Sesetengah budak tersinggung oleh cahaya pendarfluor;

Some kids are bothered by fluorescent lights;

others have problems with sound sensitivity.

yang lain mempunyai masalah sensitiviti bunyi.

You know, it's going to be variable.

Ia tidak tetap.

Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight

Pemikiran visual membolehkan saya memahami pemikiran haiwan.

into the animal mind.

Pemikiran visual membolehkan saya memahami pemikiran haiwan.

Because think about it: an animal is a sensory-based thinker,

Fikirkannya: Haiwan berfikir menggunakan deria,

not verbal -- thinks in pictures, thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.

bukannya verbal: berfikir menggunakan gambar,

bunyi dan bau.

Think about how much information there is on the local fire hydrant.

Fikirkan berapa banyak maklumat yang terdapat pada pili bomba.

He knows who's been there --

Anjing tahu siapa pernah ke situ dan bila.

(Laughter)

When they were there.

Adakah ia kawan atau musuh? Adakah mereka dapat mengawan?

Are they friend or foe? Is there anybody he can go mate with?

There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.

Terdapat banyak maklumat pada pili bomba itu.

It's all very detailed information.

Semuanya maklumat terperinci.

And looking at these kind of details gave me a lot of insight into animals.

Perincian sebegini

membolehkan saya memahami haiwan.

Now, the animal mind, and also my mind,

Minda haiwan dan minda saya

puts sensory-based information into categories.

mengkategorikan maklumat yang berdasarkan deria.

mengkategorikan maklumat yang berdasarkan deria.

Man on a horse,

Lelaki di atas kuda

and a man on the ground --

dan lelaki di atas tanah

that is viewed as two totally different things.

ialah dua perkara yang berbeza.

You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.

Mungkin terdapat seekor kuda yang pernah didera seorang penunggang;

They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian

kuda itu tiada masalah dengan doktor haiwan

and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him.

dan pemakai ladam, tapi anda dilarang menunggangnya.

You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up,

Mungkin kuda yang lain dipukul pemakai ladam

and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground with the veterinarian,

dan kuda itu takutkan apa-apa saja di atas tanah;

selain doktor haiwan, tiada orang boleh menunggangnya.

but a person can ride him.

Begitu juga dengan lembu.

Cattle are the same way.

Man on a horse, a man on foot -- they're two different things.

Lelaki di atas kuda,

dan lelaki di atas tanah ialah dua perkara yang berbeza.

You see, it's a different picture.

Ia dua gambar yang berbeza.

See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.

Fikirkan betapa khususnya perkara ini.

Now, this ability to put information into categories,

Saya dapati banyak orang tidak pandai mengkategorikan maklumat.

I find a lot of people are not very good at this.

Saya dapati banyak orang tidak pandai mengkategorikan maklumat.

When I'm out troubleshooting equipment

Semasa saya mencari punca masalah peralatan

or problems with something in a plant,

atau punca masalah di tempat sembelih,

they don't seem to be able to figure out:

orang di situ tidak tahu punca masalahnya, "Adakah ia masalah melatih orang?

"Do I have a training-people issue?

Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"

atau masalah peralatan?"

In other words, categorize equipment problem from a people problem.

Dalam erti kata lain, mengkategorikan masalah peralatan

daripada masalah orang.

I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.

Saya dapati banyak orang sukar melakukannya.

Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.

Katakan, saya dapati ia masalah peralatan.

Is it a minor problem, with something simple I can fix?

Adakah ia masalah kecil yang boleh saya atasi?

Atau, adakah seluruh reka bentuk sistem salah?

Or is the whole design of the system wrong?

People have a hard time figuring that out.

Orang ramai sukar mencari punca masalahnya.

Let's just look at something like, you know,

Mari kita lihat sesuatu seperti

solving problems with making airlines safer.

menjadikan sistem penerbangan lebih selamat.

Yeah, I'm a million-mile flier.

Saya telah mengembara berjuta-juta batu dengan kapal terbang.

I do lots and lots of flying,

Saya telah mengembara berjuta-juta batu dengan kapal terbang.

and if I was at the FAA,

Jika saya bekerja di Pentadbiran Penerbangan Persekutuan,

what would I be doing a lot of direct observation of?

Apa yang akan saya perhatikan selalu?

It would be their airplane tails.

Bahagian ekor kapal terbang.

You know, five fatal wrecks in the last 20 years,

Bagi kemalangan yang serius dalam 20 tahun yang lalu,

the tail either came off,

sama ada ekor tertanggal atau bahagian stereng di ekor rosak.

or steering stuff inside the tail broke in some way.

sama ada ekor tertanggal atau bahagian stereng di ekor rosak.

It's tails, pure and simple.

Ekor. Ia sangat mudah.

And when the pilots walk around the plane, guess what?

Semasa juruterbang berjalan di sekitar kapal terbang, dia tidak dapat lihat

They can't see that stuff inside the tail.

bahagian dalam ekor.

Now as I think about that,

Sekarang, semasa saya fikirkan semua itu,

I'm pulling up all of that specific information.

saya fikirkan maklumat yang khusus.

It's specific.

Ia khusus. Ia pemikiran bawah-atas.

See, my thinking's bottom-up.

I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together like a puzzle.

Saya ambil cebisan maklumat dan kumpulkannya.

Now, here is a horse that was deathly afraid of black cowboy hats.

Ini seekor kuda yang sangat takutkan topi koboi hitam.

Ini seekor kuda yang sangat takutkan topi koboi hitam.

He'd been abused by somebody with a black cowboy hat.

Kuda ini pernah didera seseorang yang memakai topi begini.

White cowboy hats, that was absolutely fine.

Tapi, topi koboi putih adalah okey.

Now, the thing is, the world is going to need

Dunia ini perlukan

all of the different kinds of minds to work together.

semua minda yang berbeza

untuk bekerjasama.

We've got to work on developing all these different kinds of minds.

Kita perlu mengembangkan semua minda yang berbeza ini.

And one of the things that is driving me really crazy

Salah satu perkara yang buat saya sakit hati ialah,

as I travel around and I do autism meetings,

semasa saya mengembara dan adakan perjumpaan autisme,

is I'm seeing a lot of smart, geeky, nerdy kids,

saya temui anak-anak yang pintar,

and they just aren't very social,

tapi tidak pandai bersosial.

and nobody's working on developing their interest

Tapi, tiada orang yang mengembangkan minat mereka

dalam sesuatu seperti sains.

in something like science.

And this brings up the whole thing of my science teacher.

Ini membawa kepada guru sains saya.

My science teacher is shown absolutely beautifully in the movie.

Dia digambarkan dengan baik dalam filem itu.

I was a goofball student when I was in high school.

Semasa di sekolah menengah,

saya tidak hiraukan pembelajaran saya

I just didn't care at all about studying,

until I had Mr. Carlock's science class.

sehinggalah kelas sains En. Carlock.

He was now Dr. Carlock in the movie.

Dia ialah Dr. Carlock dalam filem itu.

And he got me challenged to figure out an optical illusion room.

Dia mencabar saya

untuk mengkaji sebuah bilik ilusi optik.

This brings up the whole thing of you've got to show kids

Maksudnya, anda perlu tunjukkan sesuatu yang menarik

interesting stuff.

kepada anak-anak.

You know, one of the things that I think maybe TED ought to do

Mungkin salah satu perkara yang harus dilakukan TED ialah,

is tell all the schools about all the great lectures that are on TED,

maklumkan kepada sekolah tentang ucapan yang diberikan di TED.

Terdapat juga banyak bahan yang baik di Internet

and there's all kinds of great stuff on the Internet

yang dapat merangsang anak-anak ini.

to get these kids turned on.

Saya banyak menemui anak-anak ini

Because I'm seeing a lot of these geeky, nerdy kids,

and the teachers out in the Midwest and other parts of the country

dan guru-guru di luar bandar Midwest. Bagi tempat lain,

when you get away from these tech areas,

jika anda berada di luar kawasan teknologi,

they don't know what to do with these kids.

mereka tidak tahu apa yang perlu dilakukan terhadap anak-anak ini.

And they're not going down the right path.

Mereka juga tidak melakukan sesuatu dengan betul.

The thing is, you can make a mind

Anda boleh jadikan sesebuah minda

to be more of a thinking and cognitive mind,

minda yang lebih banyak berfikir dan kognitif,

or your mind can be wired to be more social.

atau jadikan seseorang itu lebih bersosial.

And what some of the research now has shown in autism

Sesetengah kajian autisme telah menunjukkan

is there may by extra wiring back here in the really brilliant mind,

mungkin terdapat lebih banyak saraf di sini;

bagi mereka yang pintar, mereka kekurangan saraf sosial tertentu.

and we lose a few social circuits here.

Ia keseimbangan antara pemikiran dengan sosial.

It's kind of a trade-off between thinking and social.

And then you can get to the point where it's so severe,

Bagi kes yang serius,

you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal.

seseorang itu tiada interaksi verbal.

In the normal human mind,

Dalam minda manusia yang normal,

language covers up the visual thinking we share with animals.

bahasa meliputi pemikiran visual; haiwan juga begitu.

This is the work of Dr. Bruce Miller.

Ini hasil kerja Dr. Bruce Miller.

Dia mengkaji pesakit Alzheimer

He studied Alzheimer's patients that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.

yang menderitai demensia di lobus temporal depan.

And the dementia ate out the language parts of the brain.

Demensia menjejaskan bahagian otak yang mengawal bahasa.

And then this artwork came out of somebody

Ini hasil seni seseorang yang dahulunya pemasang stereo kereta.

who used to install stereos in cars.

Now, Van Gogh doesn't know anything about physics,

Van Gogh tidak tahu apa-apa tentang fizik.

but I think it's very interesting that there was some work done

Tapi, ia sangat menarik kerana

terdapat hasil kerja yang menunjukkan bahawa

to show that this eddy pattern in this painting

corak pusaran dalam lukisan ini

followed a statistical model of turbulence,

mengikuti sebuah model statistik pergolakan.

which brings up the whole interesting idea

Ini membawa kepada idea yang menarik bahawa

of maybe some of this mathematical patterns is in our own head.

mungkin sesetengah corak matematik ini

terdapat di dalam otak kita.

And the Wolfram stuff --

Dan tentang Wolfram --

I was taking notes and writing down all the search words I could use,

Saya tuliskan semua perkataan

yang saya gunakan

because I think that's going to go on in my autism lectures.

kerana ia akan digunakan dalam ucapan autisme saya.

We've got to show these kids interesting stuff.

Kita perlu tunjukkan perkara yang menarik kepada anak-anak ini.

And they've taken out the auto-shop class

Kelas automotif, kelas melukis dan kelas seni telah dihentikan.

and the drafting class and the art class.

Kelas automotif, kelas melukis dan kelas seni telah dihentikan.

I mean, art was my best subject in school.

Seni ialah subjek terbaik saya di sekolah.

We've got to think about all these different kinds of minds,

Kita perlu berfikir tentang semua minda yang berbeza ini

dan bekerjasama dengan mereka

and we've got to absolutely work with these kind of minds,

because we absolutely are going to need

kerana kita perlukan mereka

these kinds of people in the future.

pada masa depan.

And let's talk about jobs.

Mari kita melihat pekerjaan.

OK, my science teacher got me studying,

Guru sains saya menyebabkan saya belajar

because I was a goofball that didn't want to study.

kerana saya tidak mahu belajar.

But you know what? I was getting work experience.

Tapi anda tahu? Saya mendapat pengalaman kerja.

I'm seeing too many of these smart kids who haven't learned basic things,

Banyak budak yang pintar ini tidak belajar perkara asas,

contohnya menepati masa.

like how to be on time -- I was taught that when I was eight years old.

Saya diajar tentangnya semasa berusia 8 tahun.

Saya perlu jaga tatatertib meja makan semasa jamuan hari Ahad di rumah nenek saya.

How to have table manners at granny's Sunday party.

Saya diajar tentangnya semasa saya sangat kecil.

I was taught that when I was very, very young.

And when I was 13, I had a job at a dressmaker's shop sewing clothes.

Semasa berusia 13 tahun, saya menjahit baju

di kedai seorang tukang jahit.

I did internships in college,

Saya menjalankan latihan amali di kolej,

I was building things,

saya membina sesuatu,

and I also had to learn how to do assignments.

dan saya juga belajar membuat tugasan.

You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures of horses when I was little.

Semasa kecil, saya cuma mahu melukis kuda.

My mother said, "Well let's do a picture of something else."

Emak saya kata, "Mari kita lukis sesuatu yang berbeza."

Mereka perlu belajar membuat sesuatu yang berbeza.

They've got to learn how to do something else.

Katakan, seorang budak mempunyai obsesi terhadap Lego.

Let's say the kid is fixated on Legos.

Biarkannya membina sesuatu yang berbeza.

Let's get him working on building different things.

The thing about the autistic mind is it tends to be fixated.

Minda autistik mempunyai obsesi terhadap sesuatu.

Minda autistik mempunyai obsesi terhadap sesuatu.

Like if the kid loves race cars, let's use race cars for math.

Jika seorang budak suka kereta lumba,

gunakanlah kereta lumba untuk matematik.

Let's figure out how long it takes a race car to go a certain distance.

Kaji masa yang digunakan kereta lumba untuk sampai ke jarak tertentu.

In other words, use that fixation

Gunakan obsesi tersebut

in order to motivate that kid, that's one of the things we need to do.

untuk memotivasikan budak itu.

I really get fed up when the teachers,

Saya jengkel apabila guru-guru, khasnya di tempat lain,

especially when you get away from this part of the country,

Saya jengkel apabila guru-guru, khasnya di tempat lain,

they don't know what to do with these smart kids.

tidak tahu apa yang perlu dilakukan terhadap anak-anak ini.

Ia buat saya sakit hati.

It just drives me crazy.

What can visual thinkers do when they grow up?

Setelah dewasa, apa yang boleh dilakukan mereka yang berfikiran visual?

They can do graphic design, all kinds of stuff with computers,

Reka bentuk grafik, perkara yang berkaitan dengan komputer,

photography, industrial design.

fotografi, reka bentuk industri.

The pattern thinkers -- they're the ones that are going to be your mathematicians,

Mereka yang berfikir menggunakan corak akan menjadi

ahli matematik, jurutera perisian,

your software engineers, your computer programmers,

pengatur cara komputer; kerja-kerja sebegitu.

all of those kinds of jobs.

And then you've got the word minds; they make great journalists,

Mereka yang berminda perkataan ialah wartawan yang baik;

and they also make really, really good stage actors.

mereka juga ialah pelakon yang baik.

Because the thing about being autistic is,

Kerana saya autistik,

I had to learn social skills like being in a play.

saya perlu belajar kemahiran sosial seperti dalam lakonan.

You just kind of ... you just have to learn it.

Mereka perlu mempelajarinya.

And we need to be working with these students.

Kita perlu bekerjasama dengan pelajar-pelajar ini.

And this brings up mentors.

Ini membawa kepada mentor.

You know, my science teacher was not an accredited teacher.

Guru sains saya bukan cikgu yang bertauliah.

He was a NASA space scientist.

Dulu, dia bekerja sebagai ahli sains angkasa NASA.

Some states now are getting it to where, if you have a degree in biology

Kini, di beberapa buah negeri,

jika anda mempunyai ijazah dalam biologi atau kimia,

or in chemistry,

you can come into the school and teach biology or chemistry.

anda boleh mengajar biologi atau kimia di sekolah.

We need to be doing that.

Kita perlu laksanakannya.

Because what I'm observing is,

Apa yang saya perhatikan ialah,

the good teachers, for a lot of these kids,

banyak guru yang baik

are out in the community colleges.

berkhidmat di kolej komuniti,

But we need to be getting some of these good teachers

tapi kita perlukan sesetengah guru ini di sekolah menengah.

into the high schools.

Cara lain yang mungkin berjaya ialah,

Another thing that can be very, very, very successful is:

terdapat banyak orang yang telah bersara

there's a lot of people that may have retired

from working in the software industry,

daripada bidang perisian, mereka boleh mengajar anak-anak anda.

and they can teach your kid.

Tidak apa jika apa yang diajar telah lapuk

And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,

because what you're doing is you're lighting the spark.

kerana anda mahu memberikan rangsangan.

You're getting that kid turned on.

Anda mahu merangsang anak itu.

And you get him turned on, then you'll learn all the new stuff.

Setelah terangsang, dia akan belajar benda baru.

Mentors are just essential.

Mentor adalah penting.

I cannot emphasize enough what my science teacher did for me.

Apa yang guru sains saya lakukan untuk saya

adalah sangat penting.

And we've got to mentor them, hire them.

Kita perlu berikan bimbangan dan upah mereka.

And if you bring them in for internships in your companies,

Jika anda terima mereka sebagai pelatih amali di syarikat anda,

tentang autisme, minda Asperger,

the thing about the autism, Asperger-y kind of mind,

you've got to give them a specific task.

berikan tugas yang khusus. Jangan kata, "Reka perisian baru."

Don't just say, "Design new software."

Arahan anda perlu khusus:

You've got to tell them something more specific:

"Kita akan mereka perisian telefon,

"We're designing software for a phone

and it has to do some specific thing,

ia perlu lakukan sesuatu yang khusus.

and it can only use so much memory."

Ia hanya boleh gunakan sebanyak mana memori."

That's the kind of specificity you need.

Itulah kekhususan yang diperlukan.

Well, that's the end of my talk.

Sampai sini sajalah ucapan saya.

And I just want to thank everybody for coming.

Saya mahu berterima kasih kepada semua kerana hadir.

It was great to be here.

Saya gembira berada di sini.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)

(Applause ends)

Ada soalan untuk saya? OK.

Oh -- you have a question for me? OK.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)

Chris Anderson: Terima kasih atas ucapan tadi.

Chris Anderson: Thank you so much for that.

You know, you once wrote -- I like this quote:

Anda pernah tulis ini, saya sukainya:

"If by some magic, autism had been eradicated from the face of the Earth,

"Jika berlakunya keajaiban dan autisme telah tersingkir dari Bumi,

"Jika berlakunya keajaiban dan autisme telah tersingkir dari Bumi,

then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire

maka manusia masih akan bersosial di depan kayu api

at the entrance to a cave."

di jalan masuk ke gua."

(Laughter)

Temple Grandin: Because who do you think made the first stone spear?

Temple Grandin: Siapa yang hasilkan lembing batu yang pertama?

Orang Asperger. Jika tanpa genetik autisme,

It was the Asperger guy,

and if you were to get rid of all the autism genetics,

Silicon Valley tidak akan wujud

there'd be no more Silicon Valley, and the energy crisis would not be solved.

dan krisis tenaga tidak akan diselesaikan.

(Tepukan)

(Applause)

CA: I want to ask you a couple other questions,

CA: Saya ada beberapa soalan lagi,

jika anda berasa tidak sesuai,

and if any of these feel inappropriate, it's OK just to say, "Next question."

anda boleh kata, "Soalan seterusnya."

But if there is someone here who has an autistic child,

Jika seseorang di sini

mempunyai seorang anak autistik

or knows an autistic child and feels kind of cut off from them,

atau kenal seorang anak autistik

dan berasa terasing daripada anak itu,

what advice would you give them?

apa nasihat anda?

TG: Well, first of all, we've got to look at age.

TG: Pertama, dari segi usia.

Jika anak itu berusia 2, 3, atau 4 tahun,

If you have a two, three or four-year-old, no speech, no social interaction,

tiada pertuturan, tiada interaksi sosial,

I can't emphasize enough: Don't wait.

Ini sangat penting:

Jangan tunggu. Berikan pengajaran satu ke satu sekurang-kurangnya 20 jam seminggu.

You need at least 20 hours a week of one-to-one teaching.

The thing is, autism comes in different degrees.

Terdapat pelbagai tahap autisme.

About half of the people on the spectrum are not going to learn to talk,

Separuh daripada mereka yang berada di spektrum

tidak akan belajar bertutur dan bekerja

and they won't be working in Silicon Valley.

di Silicon Valley, mereka tidak sesuai melakukannya.

That would not be a reasonable thing for them to do.

Bagi yang pintar, tidak tahu bersosial

But then you get these smart, geeky kids with a touch of autism,

dan menderitai autisme,

and that's where you've got to get them turned on

anda perlu merangsang mereka

with doing interesting things.

dengan perkara yang menarik.

I got social interaction through shared interests --

Saya mempunyai interaksi sosial melalui minat yang sama.

I rode horses with other kids, I made model rockets with other kids,

Saya tunggang kuda, hasilkan model roket

did electronics lab with other kids.

dan makmal elektronik bersama budak-budak lain.

And in the '60s, it was gluing mirrors onto a rubber membrane on a speaker

Pada tahun 60-an, kami rekatkan cermin pada

membran getah di pembesar suara dan mulakan pertunjukan cahaya.

to make a light show.

That was, like, we considered that super cool.

Kami menganggapnya sangat hebat.

(Laughter)

CA: Adakah ia tidak realistik

CA: Is it unrealistic for them

to hope or think that that child loves them, as some might, as most, wish?

jika mereka harap atau fikir bahawa anak itu sayang mereka?

TG: Well, I tell you, that child will be loyal,

TA: Anak itu sangat setia,

and if your house is burning down, they're going to get you out of it.

jika rumah anda terbakar, dia akan selamatkan anda.

CA: Jika soalan ini ditanya:

CA: Wow. So most people, if you ask them what they're most passionate about,

"apa yang paling menarik minat anda?" Kebanyakan orang akan kata,

they'd say things like, "My kids" or "My lover."

"Anak-anak saya" atau "Kekasih saya."

Apa yang paling menarik minat anda?

What are you most passionate about?

TG: I'm passionate about that the things I do

TA: Perkara yang saya lakukan

akan jadikan dunia ini lebih baik.

are going to make the world a better place.

Apabila si emak kepada seorang anak autistik kata,

When I have a mother of an autistic child say,

"Anak saya belajar di kolej kerana buku anda

"My kid went to college because of your book

atau salah satu ucapan anda," saya rasa gembira.

or one of your lectures,"

that makes me happy.

Saya bekerja dengan pihak yang sembelih lembu

You know, the slaughter plants I worked with in the '80s;

pada tahun 80-an; tempat itu sangat dahsyat.

they were absolutely awful.

I developed a really simple scoring system for slaughter plants,

Saya bangunkan sistem markah yang mudah untuk tempat sembelih

where you just measure outcomes:

dan mereka cuma mengukur hasil: berapa ekor lembu jatuh?

How many cattle fell down?

Berapa ekor lembu ditujah penujah lembu?

How many got poked with the prodder?

How many cattle are mooing their heads off?

Berapa ekor lembu yang mengembu?

Ia sangat mudah.

And it's very, very simple.

You directly observe a few simple things.

Hanya perlu perhatikan beberapa perkara.

It's worked really well.

Ia berfungsi dengan baik. Saya berpuas hati

I get satisfaction out of seeing stuff

melihat perubahan sebenar di dunia ini.

that makes real change in the real world.

We need a lot more of that, and a lot less abstract stuff.

Kita perlukan lebih banyak perkara yang mudah

dan lebih kurang perkara yang abstrak.

CA: Totally.

(Applause)

(Tepukan)

CA: When we were talking on the phone, one of the things you said

CA: Semasa berhubung melalui telefon, anda bercakap sesuatu.

that really astonished me

was that one thing you were passionate about was server farms.

Anda amat berminat pada ladang server. Cakap tentangnya.

Tell me about that.

TG: Saya sangat gembira apabila saya membaca tentangnya.

TG: Well, the reason why I got really excited when I read about that,

Ia mengandungi maklumat.

it contains knowledge.

It's libraries.

Ia merupakan perpustakaan.

And to me, knowledge is something that is extremely valuable.

Bagi saya, pengetahuan sangat bernilai.

So, maybe over 10 years ago now, our library got flooded.

Sepuluh tahun lalu, perpustakaan kami kebanjiran.

This is before the Internet got really big.

Ia berlaku sebelum Internet berleluasa.

And I was really upset about all the books being wrecked,

Saya sedih kerana semua buku telah rosak.

Pengetahuan telah musnah.

because it was knowledge being destroyed.

Ladang server, atau pusat data,

And server farms, or data centers, are great libraries of knowledge.

ialah perpustakaan yang menyimpan pengetahuan.

CA: Temple, can I just say,

CA: Kami sangat gembira kerana anda datang ke TED.

it's an absolute delight to have you at TED.

TA: Terima kasih.

Thank you so much.

TG: Well, thank you so much. Thank you.

(Tepukan)

(Applause)