The world needs all kinds of minds | Temple Grandin

Prevoditelj: Sanjin Vukojevic Recezent: Hrvoje Vinter

I think I'll start out and just talk a little bit

Počela bih time što ću objasniti

što je točno autizam.

about what exactly autism is.

Autism is a very big continuum

Autizam je jedan vrlo veliki kontinuum

that goes from very severe -- the child remains nonverbal --

koji ide od vrlo teškog oblika, kada dijete uopće ne govori,

all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers.

pa sve do briljantnih znanstvenika i inženjera.

And I actually feel at home here,

Ovo je u biti moje područje

because there's a lot of autism genetics here.

jer ovdje ima mnogo autističke genetike.

(Laughter)

Nadam se da nemate...

You wouldn't have any --

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

It's a continuum of traits.

To je kontinuum osobina.

When does a nerd turn into Asperger, which is just mild autism?

Kada se štreber pretvara u

Asperger, koji je tek blagi autizam?

I mean, Einstein and Mozart and Tesla would all be probably diagnosed

Hoću reći, i Einsteinu i Mozartu

i Tesli danas bi vjerojatno bila postavljena

as autistic spectrum today.

dijagnoza iz autističkog spektra.

And one of the things that is really going to concern me

I jedna od stvari kojima ću se baviti je

da potaknem takve klince da oni budu ti koji će izumiti

is getting these kids to be the ones

that are going to invent the next energy things

novu energetsku tehnologiju

o čemu je govorio Bill Gates.

that Bill Gates talked about this morning.

OK, now, if you want to understand autism: animals.

U redu. Dakle, ukoliko želite razumjeti

autizam, životinje,

I want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking.

a ja vam želim govoriti o različitim načinima mišljenja,

You have to get away from verbal language.

morate se odmaknuti od verbalnog jezika.

I think in pictures. I don't think in language.

Ja razmišljam u slikama.

Ja ne razmišljam u jeziku.

Now, the thing about the autistic mind is it attends to details.

Ono što je specifično za autistički mozak

jest da on obraća pažnju na detalje.

This is a test where you either have to pick out the big letters

Ovo je test u kojem morate odabrati

ili velika ili mala slova.

or the little letters,

and the autistic mind picks out the little letters more quickly.

Autistički um izdvaja

mala slova brže.

And the thing is, the normal brain ignores the details.

To je zato što normalni mozak ignorira detalje.

Well, if you're building a bridge, details are pretty important

Ukoliko gradite most detalji su prilično bitni

jer će se most srušiti ako detalje zanemarite.

because it'll fall down if you ignore the details.

Ono što me zabrinjava u vezi mnogih stvari danas

And one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today

je da stvari postaju previše apstraktne.

is things are getting too abstract.

People are getting away from doing hands-on stuff.

Ljudi bježe

od praktičnog rada.

I'm really concerned that a lot of the schools

Uistinu me zabrinjava da su mnoge škole izbacile

have taken out the hands-on classes, because art, and classes like that --

praktičnu nastavu

jer likovni odgoj i slična nastava

those are the classes where I excelled.

je ono u čemu sam se ja isticala.

In my work with cattle,

Radeći sa stokom

I noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice

uočila sam mnoge sitnice koje većina ljudi ne primjećuje

would make the cattle balk.

koje uzrokuju da stoka zastaje. Na primjer,

For example, this flag waving right in front of the veterinary facility.

ova zastava koja se vijori ispred veterinarskog postrojenja.

This feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility;

Bilo je u planu da se cijelo postrojenje sruši,

all they needed to do was move the flag.

međutim sve što je trebalo učiniti je bilo da se makne zastava.

Rapid movement, contrast.

Brzi pokreti, kontrast.

In the early '70s when I started, I got right down in the chutes

Ranih '70-ih kada sam počela, ušla sam ravno

u vodilice kako bih vidjela točno ono što stoka vidi.

to see what cattle were seeing.

People thought that was crazy.

Ljudi su mislili da sam luda. Kaput na ogradi bi plašio stoku

A coat on a fence would make them balk, shadows would make them balk,

Zastajkivala bi zbog sjene ili cijevi na podu.

a hose on the floor -- people weren't noticing these things.

Ljudi to nisu primjećivali,

A chain hanging down ...

lanac koji visi,

And that's shown very, very nicely in the movie.

i to je vrlo lijepo prikazano u filmu.

In fact, I loved the movie, how they duplicated all my projects.

U biti mi se u film jako svidjelo kako

su replicirali sve moje projekte. To je zbog moje štreberske strane.

That's the geek side.

I moji crteži su nastupali u filmu.

My drawings got to star in the movie, too.

And, actually, it's called "Temple Grandin,"

Čak je i naslov "Temple Grandin",

not "Thinking in Pictures."

a ne "Razmišljanje u slikama".

So what is thinking in pictures?

Dakle, što je razmišljanje u slikama? Doslovno,

It's literally movies in your head.

to su filmovi u vašoj glavi.

My mind works like Google for images.

Moj um funkcionira kao pretraga slika na Google-u.

Dok sam bila malo dijete nisam znala da razmišljam drugačije.

When I was a young kid, I didn't know my thinking was different.

Mislila sam da svi razmišljaju u slikama.

I thought everybody thought in pictures.

I dok sam pisala svoju knjigu "Razmišljanje u slikama"

Then when I did my book, "Thinking in Pictures,"

počela sam intervjuirati ljude o načinu njihovog mišljenja.

I started interviewing people about how they think.

And I was shocked to find out that my thinking was quite different.

Bila sam šokirana kada sam shvatila da je

moje način mišljenja bio potpuno različit.

Like if I say, "Think about a church steeple,"

Na primjer kada kažem, "pomisli na crkveni zvonik"

most people get this sort of generalized generic one.

većina ljudi ima nekakvu uopćenu sliku.

Now, maybe that's not true in this room,

možda to ne vrijedi za sve u ovoj prostoriji,

but it's going to be true in a lot of different places.

međutim to je tako na mnogim mjestima.

I see only specific pictures.

Ja vidim samo vrlo određene slike.

They flash up into my memory, just like Google for pictures.

One se pojavljuju u mom pamćenju, baš kao u Google pretraživaču.

And in the movie, they've got a great scene in there,

A u filmu ima jedan odličan prizor,

u kojemu se izgovara riječ "cipela", i zatim cijela hrpa cipela

where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole bunch of '50s and '60s shoes

pop into my imagination.

iz '50-ih i '60-ih iskače iz moje mašte.

OK, there's my childhood church; that's specific.

Ovo je crkva koju pamtim iz djetinjstva.

Vrlo određeno. Ima još, Fort Collins.

There's some more, Fort Collins.

OK, how about famous ones?

A što je sa onim slavnima?

And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.

I one samo izranjaju, nekako baš ovako.

Just really quickly, like Google for pictures.

Samo zaista brzo, kao pretraga slika u Google-u.

And they come up one at a time,

I dolaze jedna po jedna.

and then I think, "OK, well, maybe we can have it snow,

I onda pomislim, hajde da možda stavimo snijeg,

or we can have a thunderstorm,"

ili oluju s gromovima,

and I can hold it there and turn them into videos.

i ja mogu takve slike zadržati i pretvoriti u video.

Now, visual thinking was a tremendous asset

Vizualno razmišljanje je bilo ogromna prednost

in my work designing cattle-handling facilities.

u mom radu sa postrojenjima za rad sa stokom.

And I've worked really hard on improving how cattle are treated

naporno sam radila na tome da unaprijedim

tretman stoke u klaonicama.

at the slaughter plant.

Neću vam prikazivati neugodne detalje iz klaonice.

I'm not going to go into any gucky slaughter slides.

I've got that stuff up on YouTube, if you want to look at it.

To imam na Youtube-u ako vas zanima.

Međutim, jedna od stvari koje sam mogla učiniti prilikom

(Laughter)

But one of the things that I was able to do in my design work

dizajniranja postrojenja je da sam mogla testirati

is I could test-run a piece of equipment in my mind,

pojedini dio opreme u mislima,

just like a virtual reality computer system.

baš kao kompjuterski sustav za virtualnu stvarnost.

And this is an aerial view of a recreation of one of my projects

Ovo je pogled iz zraka

na model jednog od mojih projekata koji je korišten u filmu.

that was used in the movie.

That was like just so super cool.

To je bilo baš super.

And there were a lot of, kind of, Asperger types and autism types

A bilo je mnogo Asperger tipova

i autističkih tipova koji su radili na filmskom setu.

working out there on the movie set, too.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

But one of the things that really worries me is:

Ali jedna od stvari koja me uistinu zabrinjava

je u kojem se smjeru danas kreću mladi takve vrste.

Where's the younger version of those kids going today?

They're not ending up in Silicon Valley,

Ne završavaju u Silikonskoj dolini, gdje im je mjesto,

where they belong.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

One of the things I learned very early on because I wasn't that social,

Jedna od stvari koje sam naučila vrlo rano jer nisam bila baš društvena,

is I had to sell my work, and not myself.

je da moram prodavati svoj rad, a ne sebe.

And the way I sold livestock jobs is I showed off my drawings,

A način na koji sam prodavala poslove sa stokom

je bio da pokazujem svoje crteže i slike stvari.

I showed off pictures of things.

Another thing that helped me as a little kid

Još mi je nešto pomoglo dok sam bila dijete,

is, boy, in the '50s, you were taught manners.

a to je da su nas u '50-ima dobrano naučili ponašanju.

You were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves

Učili su nas da se ne smije rušiti roba sa polica

u dućanu i bacati je naokolo.

in the store and throw it around.

Kada su djeca u trećem ili četvrtom razredu

When kids get to be in third or fourth grade,

you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker,

može se vidjeti da će dijete biti vizualni mislilac

drawing in perspective.

ukoliko crta u perspektivi. Ono što želim

Now, I want to emphasize

naglasiti je da neće svako autistično dijete

that not every autistic kid is going to be a visual thinker.

biti vizualni mislilac.

Now, I had this brain scan done several years ago,

Prije nekoliko godina napravili su mi snimku mozga

and I used to joke around about having a gigantic Internet trunk line

i šalila sam se da imam

poput debla divovsku internetsku vezu

going deep into my visual cortex.

koja zadire duboko u moj vizualni korteks.

This is tensor imaging.

Ovo je tenzorni prikaz.

And my great big Internet trunk line is twice as big as the control's.

I moja divovska internetska veza

je dvostruko veća od uobičajene.

The red lines there are me,

Crvene linije su moje,

and the blue lines are the sex and age-matched control.

a plave pripadaju osobi iste dobi i spola.

And there I got a gigantic one,

Evo, tu je moja divovska,

and the control over there, the blue one, has got a really small one.

a ovdje prosječna, plava

koja je zaista mala.

And some of the research now is showing

Neka nova istraživanja pokazuju da ljudi

that people on the spectrum actually think with the primary visual cortex.

koji pripadaju spektru razmišljaju primarnim vizualnim korteksom.

Now, the thing is, the visual thinker is just one kind of mind.

Stvar je u tome da su vizualni mislioci samo jedna vrsta uma.

You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind --

Vidite, autistički um naginje ka tome da bude specijaliziran.

good at one thing, bad at something else.

Dobar u nečemu, loš u nečemu drugom.

And where I was bad was algebra.

Ja sam bila loša u algebri. I nikad mi nisu dozvolili

And I was never allowed to take geometry or trig.

da pohađam geometriju ili trigonometriju.

Gigantic mistake.

Ogromna greška. Nailazim na mnogo djece koja bi trebala preskočiti

I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,

go right to geometry and trig.

algebru, i ići ravno na geometriju i trigonometriju.

Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.

Druga vrsta mislioca su uzorak-mislioci.

More abstract.

Apstraktniji. To su vaši inžinjeri,

These are your engineers, your computer programmers.

kompjuterski programeri.

This is pattern thinking.

Ovo je primjer uzorak mišljenja. Ova bogomoljka

That praying mantis is made from a single sheet of paper --

je napravljena od jednoj jedinog lista papira,

no scotch tape, no cuts.

bez lijepljenja, bez rezanja.

And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.

A u pozadini je uzorak za preklapanje.

Here are the types of thinking:

Imate tipove mišljenja,

photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me;

foto-realistične vizualne mislioce poput mene,

pattern thinkers, music and math minds.

uzorak mislioce, glazbene i matematičke umove.

Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.

Neki od njih često imaju poteškoća s čitanjem.

You also will see these kind of problems with kids that are dyslexic.

Takve probleme vidjet ćete i

kod djece s disleksijom.

You'll see these different kinds of minds.

Susresti ćete se sa svim tim različitim tipovima umova.

And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.

Zatim imate verbalni um. Oni znaju svaku činjenicu o svemu.

E sada, pitanje osjetila je nešto drugo.

Now, another thing is the sensory issues.

Ja sam bila stvarno zabrinuta što moram nositi ovaj uređaj na licu.

I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget on my face.

And I came in half an hour beforehand

Došla sam pola sata ranije

so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,

kako bi mi ga stavili i da imam vremena da se naviknem.

and they got it bent so it's not hitting my chin.

Savili su ga tako da mi ne udara u bradu.

But sensory is an issue.

Ali osjetilnost je problem. Nekoj djeci smetaju fluorescentna svjetla;

Some kids are bothered by fluorescent lights;

others have problems with sound sensitivity.

druga imaju poteškoća s osjetljivošću na zvuk.

You know, it's going to be variable.

Znate, to će uvijek biti varijabla.

Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight

Vizualno mišljenje mi je dalo dubok uvid

into the animal mind.

u životinjski um.

Because think about it: an animal is a sensory-based thinker,

Jer razmislite - životinja razmišlja na temelju osjeta,

not verbal -- thinks in pictures, thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.

a ne verbalno. Razmišlja u slikama.

Razmišlja u zvukovima. Razmišlja u mirisima.

Think about how much information there is on the local fire hydrant.

Pomislite samo koliko je informacija na jednom uličnom hidrantu.

He knows who's been there --

On zna tko je bio tamo, kada je bio,

(Laughter)

When they were there.

jesu li prijatelji ili suparnici, ima li ikoga za parenje.

Are they friend or foe? Is there anybody he can go mate with?

There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.

Na tom je hidrantu masa informacija.

It's all very detailed information.

Sve su to vrlo detaljne informacije.

And looking at these kind of details gave me a lot of insight into animals.

I promatrajući te detalje

stekla sam puno uvida u životinje.

Now, the animal mind, and also my mind,

Životinjski um, a i moj um,

puts sensory-based information into categories.

stavlja osjetilne informacije

u kategorije.

Man on a horse,

Čovjek na konju,

and a man on the ground --

i čovjek na tlu,

that is viewed as two totally different things.

to se promatra kao dvije potpuno različite stvari.

You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.

Možete imati konja kojeg je zlostavljao jahač.

They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian

Oni će biti sasvim dobro s veterinarom

and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him.

i sa potkivačem, ali ih ne možete jahati.

You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up,

Imate drugog konja, kojeg je možda tukao potkivač,

and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground with the veterinarian,

i taj će konj biti grozan za bilo kakav rad na tlu,

pa i sa veterinarom - ali može ga se jahati.

but a person can ride him.

Za stoku vrijedi isto.

Cattle are the same way.

Man on a horse, a man on foot -- they're two different things.

Čovjek na konju,

čovjek na nogama - to su dvije različite stvari.

You see, it's a different picture.

Vidite, to je drugačija slika.

See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.

Želim da razmislite o tome koliko je to određeno.

Now, this ability to put information into categories,

Dakle, ova sposobnost da se informacije stave u kategorije,

I find a lot of people are not very good at this.

nalazim da mnogi ljudi nisu baš dobri u tome.

When I'm out troubleshooting equipment

Kada radim na popravcima opreme

or problems with something in a plant,

ili problemima s nečim u postrojenju,

they don't seem to be able to figure out:

takvi ljudi izgleda da ne mogu razlučiti: "Imam li problema s obukom radnika?

"Do I have a training-people issue?

Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"

Ili nešto nije u redu s opremom?"

In other words, categorize equipment problem from a people problem.

Drugim riječima, kategorizirati problem s opremom

od problema s ljudima.

I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.

Nailazim na mnoge koji imaju poteškoće s time.

Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.

Recimo da sam utvrdila da je problem u opremi.

Is it a minor problem, with something simple I can fix?

Je li to manji kvar, nešto jednostavno što mogu popraviti?

Ili se radi o tome da je cijeli sustav pogrešan?

Or is the whole design of the system wrong?

People have a hard time figuring that out.

Ljudi se u tome teško snalaze.

Let's just look at something like, you know,

Pogledajmo nešto drugo, recimo

solving problems with making airlines safer.

rješavanje problema sigurnosti kod avio-prijevoznika.

Yeah, I'm a million-mile flier.

Da, ja sam od onih koji skupili milijun milja.

I do lots and lots of flying,

Jako puno letim avionom

and if I was at the FAA,

i da sam ja u Federalnoj upravi za avio prijevoz

what would I be doing a lot of direct observation of?

što bih pažljivo i puno posmatrala?

It would be their airplane tails.

To bi bili repovi aviona.

You know, five fatal wrecks in the last 20 years,

Znate, u pet kobnih nesreća u posljednjih 20 godina,

the tail either came off,

rep je ili otpao ili se pokvario sustav upravljanja u repu

or steering stuff inside the tail broke in some way.

na neki način.

It's tails, pure and simple.

Problem su repovi, jasno i glasno.

And when the pilots walk around the plane, guess what?

I kada piloti šetaju avionom, znate što?

They can't see that stuff inside the tail.

Ne mogu vidjeti što je u repu.

Now as I think about that,

Znate, kada razmislim o tome,

I'm pulling up all of that specific information.

ja prikupljam sve te specifične informacije.

It's specific.

One su određene. Moje mišljenje je od dna prema vrhu.

See, my thinking's bottom-up.

I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together like a puzzle.

Uzimam sve te male djeliće i sastavljam ih kao puzzle.

Now, here is a horse that was deathly afraid of black cowboy hats.

Imamo konja koji se smrtno bojao

crnih kaubojskih šešira.

He'd been abused by somebody with a black cowboy hat.

Zlostavljao ga je netko sa crnim šeširom

White cowboy hats, that was absolutely fine.

Bijeli kaubojski šeširi, oni su sasvim u redu.

Now, the thing is, the world is going to need

Stvar je u tome da će svijetu biti potrebni

all of the different kinds of minds to work together.

svi ti različiti tipovi umova

kako bi zajedno surađivali.

We've got to work on developing all these different kinds of minds.

Moramo se baviti razvijanjem svih tih vrsta umova.

And one of the things that is driving me really crazy

I jedna od stvari koja me izluđuje

as I travel around and I do autism meetings,

je da na mojim putovanjima na susrete s autistima

is I'm seeing a lot of smart, geeky, nerdy kids,

viđam mnogo pametne, čudne, štreberske djece.

and they just aren't very social,

Oni jednostavno nisu jako društveni,

and nobody's working on developing their interest

a nitko ne radi na tome da se njima razvije interes

prema nečemu poput znanosti.

in something like science.

And this brings up the whole thing of my science teacher.

Ovo nas dovodi do stvari sa mojim učiteljem znanosti.

My science teacher is shown absolutely beautifully in the movie.

On je u filmu prikazan apsolutno prekrasno.

I was a goofball student when I was in high school.

U srednjoj školi sam bila zabušant.

Učenje me uopće nije zanimalo,

I just didn't care at all about studying,

until I had Mr. Carlock's science class.

sve dok nisam krenula na satove znanosti kod g. Carlocka.

He was now Dr. Carlock in the movie.

On je u filmu predstavljen kao dr. Carlock.

And he got me challenged to figure out an optical illusion room.

On me izazvao da protumačim

sobu sa optičkom iluzijom.

This brings up the whole thing of you've got to show kids

Djeci treba pokazivati

interesting stuff.

zanimljive stvari.

You know, one of the things that I think maybe TED ought to do

Znate, TED bi možda trebao

is tell all the schools about all the great lectures that are on TED,

svim školama reći o zanimljivim predavanjima ovdje,

a na Internetu ima svakojakih zanimljivih stvari,

and there's all kinds of great stuff on the Internet

koje mogu pokrenuti te klince.

to get these kids turned on.

Viđam mnoga takve čudne, neprilagođene djece,

Because I'm seeing a lot of these geeky, nerdy kids,

and the teachers out in the Midwest and other parts of the country

a nastavnici na srednjem zapadu i u drugim dijelovima zemlje

when you get away from these tech areas,

izvan tehnoloških centara

they don't know what to do with these kids.

ne znaju što bi s takvom djecom.

And they're not going down the right path.

I oni ne idu ispravnim putem.

The thing is, you can make a mind

Radi se o tome da je um moguće

to be more of a thinking and cognitive mind,

uvježbati da bude misaoniji i kognitivniji,

or your mind can be wired to be more social.

ili ga se može "prespojiti" da bude društveniji.

And what some of the research now has shown in autism

Ono što su pokazala nova istraživanja o autizmu

is there may by extra wiring back here in the really brilliant mind,

je da možda postoje nekakvo dodatno ožičenje ovdje iza,

a da gubimo nekoliko društvenjačkih sklopova.

and we lose a few social circuits here.

To je kao neka "trgovina" između mišljenja i društvenosti.

It's kind of a trade-off between thinking and social.

And then you can get to the point where it's so severe,

Tako je moguće doći do točke gdje je stanje toliko teško

you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal.

da imate osobu koja neće govoriti.

In the normal human mind,

U normalnom ljudskom umu jezik

language covers up the visual thinking we share with animals.

pokriva vizualno mišljenje koje dijelimo sa životinjskim svijetom.

This is the work of Dr. Bruce Miller.

Ovo je rad dr. Brucea Millera.

On je proučavao pacijente s Alzheimerovom bolešću

He studied Alzheimer's patients that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.

koji su imali demenciju čeonog režnja.

And the dementia ate out the language parts of the brain.

Demencija je "pojela" jezične dijelove mozga,

And then this artwork came out of somebody

a ovo je umjetnički rad osobe koja je bila instalater audio opreme u automobile.

who used to install stereos in cars.

Now, Van Gogh doesn't know anything about physics,

Van Gogh nije znao ništa o fizici

but I think it's very interesting that there was some work done

Ali mislim da je vrlo zanimljivo

da su rađena istraživanja koja pokazuju

to show that this eddy pattern in this painting

da ovaj uzorak vrtložnih struja na slici

followed a statistical model of turbulence,

slijedi statistički model turbulencije.

which brings up the whole interesting idea

Tako dolazimo do vrlo zanimljive ideje

of maybe some of this mathematical patterns is in our own head.

da su možda neki od ovih matematičkih uzoraka

u biti u našim glavama.

And the Wolfram stuff --

A za Wolfram Alpha internetsku tražilicu

I was taking notes and writing down all the search words I could use,

bilježila sam i zapisivala sve moguće

riječi za pretragu jer mislim da

because I think that's going to go on in my autism lectures.

ću to koristiti za moja predavanja o autizmu.

We've got to show these kids interesting stuff.

Takvoj djeci moramo pokazivati zanimljive stvari.

And they've taken out the auto-shop class

A izbacuju nastavu automobilskih popravaka

and the drafting class and the art class.

i modelarstvo, i umjetničke predmete.

I mean, art was my best subject in school.

Hoću reći, umjetnost mi je bila najbolji predmet u školi.

We've got to think about all these different kinds of minds,

Moramo razmišljati o svim tim različitim vrstama umova.

Sa njima se apsolutno mora raditi,

and we've got to absolutely work with these kind of minds,

because we absolutely are going to need

jer će nam nesumnjivo biti potrebni

these kinds of people in the future.

ljudi takve vrste u budućnosti.

And let's talk about jobs.

Razgovarajmo o radnim mjestima.

OK, my science teacher got me studying,

Moj me učitelj znanosti motivirao na učenje

because I was a goofball that didn't want to study.

jer sam bila zabušant koji nije htio učiti.

But you know what? I was getting work experience.

Ali znate što? Stjecala sam radno iskustvo.

I'm seeing too many of these smart kids who haven't learned basic things,

Viđam previše te pametne djece koja nisu naučila najosnovnije stvari,

kao što je dolaženje na vrijeme.

like how to be on time -- I was taught that when I was eight years old.

Mene su tome naučili kada sam imala osam godina.

Znate ono, ponašati se pristojno za stolom na bakinoj nedjeljnoj zabavi.

How to have table manners at granny's Sunday party.

To sam naučila kada sam bila vrlo, vrlo mlada.

I was taught that when I was very, very young.

And when I was 13, I had a job at a dressmaker's shop sewing clothes.

A sa 13 godina imala sam posao u krojačnici

šivajući odjeću.

I did internships in college,

Dok sam bila na koledžu sam stažirala.

I was building things,

Gradila sam stvari.

and I also had to learn how to do assignments.

I naučila kako da obavljam zaduženja.

You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures of horses when I was little.

Znate, sve što me zanimalo je bilo crtanje konja dok sam bila mala.

My mother said, "Well let's do a picture of something else."

Majka mi je rekla: "Nacrtajmo nešto drugo."

Mora ih se naučiti da naprave nešto drugo.

They've got to learn how to do something else.

Recimo da je dijete fiksirano na Lego kocke.

Let's say the kid is fixated on Legos.

Učinimo da gradi različite stvari.

Let's get him working on building different things.

The thing about the autistic mind is it tends to be fixated.

Ono što je karakteristično za autistički um

je da ima tendenciju ka fiksaciji.

Like if the kid loves race cars, let's use race cars for math.

Kao kad klinac voli trkaće aute,

upotrijebimo trkaće aute za matematiku.

Let's figure out how long it takes a race car to go a certain distance.

Izračunajmo koliko trkaćem autu treba da prijeđe neku udaljenost.

In other words, use that fixation

Drugim riječima, iskoristimo tu fiksaciju kako bismo

in order to motivate that kid, that's one of the things we need to do.

motivirali dijete, to je jedna od stvari koje moramo učiniti.

I really get fed up when the teachers,

Zaista mi je već dosta toga da učitelji,

especially when you get away from this part of the country,

posebno kad odete odavde u druge dijelove zemlje,

they don't know what to do with these smart kids.

ne znaju što bi s takvom bistrom djecom.

To me izluđuje.

It just drives me crazy.

What can visual thinkers do when they grow up?

Što mogu vizualni mislioci raditi kad odrastu?

They can do graphic design, all kinds of stuff with computers,

Grafički dizajn, baviti se kompjuterima,

photography, industrial design.

fotografijom, industrijskim dizajnom.

The pattern thinkers -- they're the ones that are going to be your mathematicians,

Uzorak mislioci, to su oni koji će biti vaši

matematičari, softverski inžinjeri,

your software engineers, your computer programmers,

kompjuterski programeri, i sva zanimanja takve vrste.

all of those kinds of jobs.

And then you've got the word minds; they make great journalists,

Pa zatim imate verbalne umove. Oni su odlični novinari.

and they also make really, really good stage actors.

I vrlo dobri kazališni glumci.

Because the thing about being autistic is,

Ono što je problem sa autizmom je

I had to learn social skills like being in a play.

da sam morala naučiti društvene vještine kao da glumim.

You just kind of ... you just have to learn it.

To se naprosto mora naučiti.

And we need to be working with these students.

Moramo raditi sa takvim đacima.

And this brings up mentors.

Tako dolazimo do pitanja mentora.

You know, my science teacher was not an accredited teacher.

Znate, moj učitelj znanosti nije bio pedagog po struci.

He was a NASA space scientist.

On je bio NASA-in znanstvenik.

Some states now are getting it to where, if you have a degree in biology

U novije vrijeme neke od država dolaze do toga da

ukoliko imate diplomu iz biologije ili kemije

or in chemistry,

you can come into the school and teach biology or chemistry.

možete u školama predavati biologiju i kemiju.

We need to be doing that.

Trebali bismo tako raditi.

Because what I'm observing is,

Primjećujem da su

the good teachers, for a lot of these kids,

dobri učitelji, za mnoge od te djece,

are out in the community colleges.

nedostupni jer rade u koledžima.

But we need to be getting some of these good teachers

Trebali bismo neke od tih učitelja dovesti u srednje škole.

into the high schools.

Ima još jedna stvar koja se može pokazati vrlo uspješnom,

Another thing that can be very, very, very successful is:

ima mnogo onih koji su se povukli iz, možda

there's a lot of people that may have retired

from working in the software industry,

softverske industrije - a mogli bi podučavati vaše dijete.

and they can teach your kid.

I nije važno ukoliko je materija kojoj podučavaju zastarjela,

And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,

because what you're doing is you're lighting the spark.

jer ono što činimo je da palimo iskru.

You're getting that kid turned on.

Činimo da se to dijete probudi.

And you get him turned on, then you'll learn all the new stuff.

A kada se probudi, onda će naučiti sve te nove stvari.

Mentors are just essential.

Mentori su nužni.

I cannot emphasize enough what my science teacher did for me.

Ne mogu dovoljno naglasiti

ono što je moj učitelj znanosti napravio za mene.

And we've got to mentor them, hire them.

A treba raditi sa njima, zaposliti nih.

And if you bring them in for internships in your companies,

kada dolaze stažirati u vaše kompanije,

ono što je bitno za autizam, za umove Aspergerskog tipa,

the thing about the autism, Asperger-y kind of mind,

you've got to give them a specific task.

trebate im dati određene zadatke. Nemojte reći samo: "Napravi novi program."

Don't just say, "Design new software."

Morate im reći nešto puno određenije.

You've got to tell them something more specific:

"Mi kreiramo softver za telefon

"We're designing software for a phone

and it has to do some specific thing,

i on mora raditi jednu vrlo određenu stvar.

and it can only use so much memory."

I smije koristiti samo toliko memorije."

That's the kind of specificity you need.

Takva vrsta određenosti vam je potrebna.

Well, that's the end of my talk.

Ovo je kraj mog govora.

And I just want to thank everybody for coming.

Hvala svima što ste došli.

It was great to be here.

Bilo je divno biti ovdje.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Applause ends)

Imate pitanje za mene?

Oh -- you have a question for me? OK.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Chris Anderson: Hvala vam na ovome.

Chris Anderson: Thank you so much for that.

You know, you once wrote -- I like this quote:

Znate, jednom ste napisali, sviđa mi se taj navod,

"If by some magic, autism had been eradicated from the face of the Earth,

"Kada bi nekim čudom autizam bio

izbrisan sa lica Zemlje,

then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire

ljudi bi se još uvijek družili oko ognjišta

at the entrance to a cave."

na ulazu u pećinu."

(Laughter)

Temple Grandin: Because who do you think made the first stone spear?

Temple Grandin: Jer što mislite tko je izradio prvo kameno koplje?

Tip s Aspergerom. I kada biste se riješili sve autističke genetike

It was the Asperger guy,

and if you were to get rid of all the autism genetics,

ne bi više bilo Silicijske doline,

there'd be no more Silicon Valley, and the energy crisis would not be solved.

ni energetska kriza ne bi bila riješena.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

CA: I want to ask you a couple other questions,

CA: Htio sam vas pitati još par pitanja.

I ukoliko vam se bilo što čini neprimjerenim

and if any of these feel inappropriate, it's OK just to say, "Next question."

u redu je da kažete "Sljedeće pitanje."

But if there is someone here who has an autistic child,

Ali ako ovdje ima nekoga

tko ima autistično dijete

or knows an autistic child and feels kind of cut off from them,

ili poznaje autistično dijete

i osjeća se na neki način "odrezanim" od njega,

what advice would you give them?

kakav biste mu savjet dali?

TG: Well, first of all, we've got to look at age.

TG: Pa, najprije morate pogledati o kojoj se dobi radi.

Ako imate dvo- ili tro- ili četverogodišnjaka

If you have a two, three or four-year-old, no speech, no social interaction,

koji ne govori i nema društvene interakcije,

I can't emphasize enough: Don't wait.

ono što ne mogu dovoljno naglasiti je, ne čekajte,

potrebno vam je barem 20 sati tjedno podučavanja "jedan na jedan".

You need at least 20 hours a week of one-to-one teaching.

The thing is, autism comes in different degrees.

Znate, stvar je u tome što autizam dolazi u različitim stupnjevima.

About half of the people on the spectrum are not going to learn to talk,

Ima otprilike polovica ljudi na autističkom spektru

koji neće naučiti govoriti, i oni neće raditi

and they won't be working in Silicon Valley.

u Silicijskoj dolini, to ne bi bilo razumno za njih.

That would not be a reasonable thing for them to do.

Ali imate pametnu, čudnu djecu

But then you get these smart, geeky kids with a touch of autism,

sa mrvicom autizma,

and that's where you've got to get them turned on

i to je ono u čemu ih morate razbuditi

with doing interesting things.

radeći zanimljive stvari.

I got social interaction through shared interests --

Ja sam do društvene interakcije došla putem zajedničkih interesa.

I rode horses with other kids, I made model rockets with other kids,

Jahala sam konje s drugom djecom. Izrađivala modele raketa s drugima,

did electronics lab with other kids.

pohađala laboratorij elektronike s drugom djecom

And in the '60s, it was gluing mirrors onto a rubber membrane on a speaker

i u '60-ima sam lijepila komadiće ogledala

na gumenu membranu zvučnika kako bih dobila light show.

to make a light show.

That was, like, we considered that super cool.

To smo smatrali super forom.

(Laughter)

CA: Je li nerealno da se roditelji

CA: Is it unrealistic for them

to hope or think that that child loves them, as some might, as most, wish?

nadaju ili misle da ih takvo dijete voli,

jer neki od njih se to usude samo priželjkivati.

TG: Well, I tell you, that child will be loyal,

TG: Pa reći ću vam - to je dijete biti odano.

and if your house is burning down, they're going to get you out of it.

I ako vam kuća gori, oni će vas iz nje izbaviti.

CA: Pa, većina ljudi, ako ih pitate

CA: Wow. So most people, if you ask them what they're most passionate about,

što je njihova najveća strast, navesti će stvari poput

they'd say things like, "My kids" or "My lover."

"Moja djeca" ili "Moj partner".

Što je vaša najveća strast?

What are you most passionate about?

TG: I'm passionate about that the things I do

TG: Ja sam strastvena u namjeri da stvari koje radim

učine svijet boljim mjestom.

are going to make the world a better place.

Kada mi majka autističnog djeteta kaže:

When I have a mother of an autistic child say,

"Moje dijete je otišlo u koledž zbog vaše knjige,

"My kid went to college because of your book

ili jednog vašeg predavanja." To me usrećuje.

or one of your lectures,"

that makes me happy.

Znate, klaonice, radila sam sa njima

You know, the slaughter plants I worked with in the '80s;

u '80-ima; one su nešto apsolutno užasno.

they were absolutely awful.

I developed a really simple scoring system for slaughter plants,

Razvila sam zaista jednostavan sustav ocjenjivanja za klaonice

where you just measure outcomes:

u kojem se mjere ishodi, koliko je stoke palo,

How many cattle fell down?

koliko ih je podbodeno,

How many got poked with the prodder?

How many cattle are mooing their heads off?

koliko ih se glasa do iznemoglosti.

I to je sve vrlo jednostavno.

And it's very, very simple.

You directly observe a few simple things.

Direktno promatrate nekoliko jednostavnih stvari.

It's worked really well.

To je funkcioniralo stvarno dobro. Zadovoljstvo mi je

I get satisfaction out of seeing stuff

vidjeti stvari koje čine istinsku promjenu

that makes real change in the real world.

u stvarnom svijetu. Svima nam je potrebno više toga,

We need a lot more of that, and a lot less abstract stuff.

i mnogo manje apstraktnih stvari.

CA: Totally.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)

CA: When we were talking on the phone, one of the things you said

CA: Kada smo razgovarali telefonom, jedna od stvari koje ste rekli

zaista me zapanjila. Rekli ste da

that really astonished me

was that one thing you were passionate about was server farms.

ste strastveni zagovaratelj serverskih farmi. Recite mi nešto o tome.

Tell me about that.

TG: Pa razlog zbog kojeg se uzbuđujem kada čitam o tome

TG: Well, the reason why I got really excited when I read about that,

je što one sadrže znanje.

it contains knowledge.

It's libraries.

To su knjižnice.

And to me, knowledge is something that is extremely valuable.

A za mene znanje je nešto

što je iznimno vrijedno. Prije desetak godina

So, maybe over 10 years ago now, our library got flooded.

naša je knjižnica bila poplavljena.

This is before the Internet got really big.

To je bilo u vrijeme prije no što je Internet postao hit.

And I was really upset about all the books being wrecked,

Ja sam se jako naljutila zbog svih tih uništenih knjiga,

jer to je bilo uništenje znanja.

because it was knowledge being destroyed.

A serverske farme, ili podatkovni centri,

And server farms, or data centers, are great libraries of knowledge.

su ogromne knjižnice znanja.

CA: Temple, can I just say,

CA: Temple, mogu li reći da je bilo apsolutno veselje imati vas na TED-u.

it's an absolute delight to have you at TED.

TG: Hvala vam najljepša. Hvala.

Thank you so much.

TG: Well, thank you so much. Thank you.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)