The world needs all kinds of minds | Temple Grandin

Traducător: Traian Pop Corector: Laszlo Kereszturi

I think I'll start out and just talk a little bit

Cred ca voi incepe prin a vorbi un pic despre

ce inseamna autismul mai exact.

about what exactly autism is.

Autism is a very big continuum

Autismul este un continuum foarte mare

that goes from very severe -- the child remains nonverbal --

care merge de la o extrema foarte severa, in care copilul ramane non-verbal,

all the way up to brilliant scientists and engineers.

si pana la cealalta extrema, unde intalnim oameni de stiinta si ingineri stralucitori.

And I actually feel at home here,

De fapt, ma simt foarte comfortabil aici.

because there's a lot of autism genetics here.

Pentru ca exista foarte mult material genetic autistic aici.

(Laughter)

N-ati avea nici...

You wouldn't have any --

(Aplauze)

(Applause)

It's a continuum of traits.

Este un spectru continuu de trasaturi.

When does a nerd turn into Asperger, which is just mild autism?

Cand se transforma un ciudat intr-o persoana cu

Asperger, care este o forma usoara de autism?

I mean, Einstein and Mozart and Tesla would all be probably diagnosed

Vreau sa spun ca Einstein si Mozart

si Tesla, toti ar fi fost probabil diagnosticati in ziua de azi

as autistic spectrum today.

ca fiind autisti.

And one of the things that is really going to concern me

Iar unul din lucrurile care ma preocupa cu adevarat este

cum sa ii facem pe acesti copii sa fie cei care vor inventa

is getting these kids to be the ones

that are going to invent the next energy things

lucrurile legate de energia viitorului,

despre care Bill Gates a vorbit azi dimineata.

that Bill Gates talked about this morning.

OK, now, if you want to understand autism: animals.

Bun. Acum, daca vreti sa intelegeti

autismul, animalele.

I want to talk to you now about different ways of thinking.

Si vreau sa va vorbesc despre diverse moduri de gandire.

You have to get away from verbal language.

Trebuie sa va indepartati de limbajul verbal.

I think in pictures. I don't think in language.

Eu gandesc in imagini.

Eu nu gandesc in cuvinte.

Now, the thing about the autistic mind is it attends to details.

Acum, ideea cu mintea autistica

este ca se concentreaza pe detalii.

This is a test where you either have to pick out the big letters

Bun, acesta este un test unde trebuie fie sa

alegi literele mari, fie sa alegi literele mai mici.

or the little letters,

and the autistic mind picks out the little letters more quickly.

Iar mintea autistica alege

literele mai mici mult mai repede.

And the thing is, the normal brain ignores the details.

Ideea este ca un creier normal ignora detaliile.

Well, if you're building a bridge, details are pretty important

Acum, daca vrei sa construiesti un pod, detaliile sunt importante

pentru ca podul se va darama daca ignori detaliile.

because it'll fall down if you ignore the details.

Una din marile mele framantari legate de politicile din ziua astazi

And one of my big concerns with a lot of policy things today

este ca lucrurile tind sa devina prea abstracte.

is things are getting too abstract.

People are getting away from doing hands-on stuff.

Oamenii se indeparteaza de

lucrul manual.

I'm really concerned that a lot of the schools

Sunt ingrijorata ca o multime de scoli au eliminat

have taken out the hands-on classes, because art, and classes like that --

orele de lucru manual

findca orele de arta si altele similare

those are the classes where I excelled.

au fost orele la care am fost foarte buna.

In my work with cattle,

OK, in munca mea cu vitele,

I noticed a lot of little things that most people don't notice

am observat ca o multime de lucruri marunte pe care majoritatea oamenilor nu le sesizeaza.

would make the cattle balk.

le fac pe vite sa se opreasca. Cum ar fi de exemplu

For example, this flag waving right in front of the veterinary facility.

aces steag care flutura chiar in fata clinicii veterinare.

This feed yard was going to tear down their whole veterinary facility;

Ei se gandeau sa demoleze intreaga cladire veterinara,

all they needed to do was move the flag.

cand tot ce a fost nevoie sa se faca a fost sa se mute steagul.

Rapid movement, contrast.

Miscare rapida, contrast.

In the early '70s when I started, I got right down in the chutes

La inceputul anilor '70, cand am inceput, intram direct

in canalele acestea ca sa vad ce vedeau vitele.

to see what cattle were seeing.

People thought that was crazy.

Oamenii credeau ca sunt nebuna. O simpla haina pe un gard le facea pe vite sa se opreasca si sa nu mai inainteze.

A coat on a fence would make them balk, shadows would make them balk,

Umbrele le faceau sa se opreasca, un furtun pe podea.

a hose on the floor -- people weren't noticing these things.

Oamenii nu observau aceste lucruri,

A chain hanging down ...

un lant atarnand,

And that's shown very, very nicely in the movie.

si totul este prezentat foarte frumos in film.

In fact, I loved the movie, how they duplicated all my projects.

Chiar mi-a placut ca in film au

replicat toate proiectele mele. Aceea este

That's the geek side.

Schitele mele au aparut si ele in film.

My drawings got to star in the movie, too.

And, actually, it's called "Temple Grandin,"

Iar filmul se cheama de fapt "Temple Grandin",

not "Thinking in Pictures."

si nu "Gandind in imagini".

So what is thinking in pictures?

Deci, ce inseamna sa gandesti in imagini? Pur si simplu inseamna

It's literally movies in your head.

sa ai filme in capul tau.

My mind works like Google for images.

Mintea mea functioneaza ca un Google pentru imagini.

Cand eram copil nu stiam ca modul meu de gandire este diferit-

When I was a young kid, I didn't know my thinking was different.

Credeam ca toata lumea gandeste in imagini.

I thought everybody thought in pictures.

Iar apoi cand am scris cartea, "Gandind in imagini",

Then when I did my book, "Thinking in Pictures,"

Am inceput sa iau interviuri oamenilor in legatura cu modul in care ei gandesc.

I started interviewing people about how they think.

And I was shocked to find out that my thinking was quite different.

Si am fost socata sa aflu ca modul meu de gandire

era destul de diferit. De exemplu, daca as spune,

Like if I say, "Think about a church steeple,"

"Ganditi-va la turnul unei biserici"

most people get this sort of generalized generic one.

cei mai mult oameni se gandesc la unul foarte generic.

Now, maybe that's not true in this room,

Acum, poate nu e adevarat pentru sala aceasta,

but it's going to be true in a lot of different places.

dar e adevarat pentru o gramada de alte locuri.

I see only specific pictures.

Eu vad doar imagini specifice.

They flash up into my memory, just like Google for pictures.

Imi apar din memorie, exact ca in Google pentru imagini.

And in the movie, they've got a great scene in there,

Iar in film, exista o secventa nemaipomenita,

unde cuvantul "pantof" este spus, iar eu imi imaginez

where the word "shoe" is said, and a whole bunch of '50s and '60s shoes

pop into my imagination.

o gramada de pantofi din anii '50 si '60

OK, there's my childhood church; that's specific.

OK, exista biserica mea din copilarie.

Asta e ceva specific. Inca una, Fort Collins.

There's some more, Fort Collins.

OK, how about famous ones?

OK, ce spuneti de cele faimoase?

And they just kind of come up, kind of like this.

Si pur si simplu imi apar in minte, in genul acesta.

Just really quickly, like Google for pictures.

Foarte repede, ca Google pentru imagini.

And they come up one at a time,

Si imi apar una cate una.

and then I think, "OK, well, maybe we can have it snow,

Iar apoi ma gandesc, bine, poate am putea avea niste zapada,

or we can have a thunderstorm,"

sau o furtuna cu fulgere si tunete,

and I can hold it there and turn them into videos.

si le pot mentine acolo si transforma in filme.

Now, visual thinking was a tremendous asset

Acum, gandirea vizuala a fost un lucru nemaipomenit de care am beneficiat

in my work designing cattle-handling facilities.

in munca mea de proiectare a cladirilor pentru procesarea vitelor.

And I've worked really hard on improving how cattle are treated

Si am lucrat din greu pentru a imbunatati

modul in care vitele sunt tratate in abator.

at the slaughter plant.

Nu va voi prezenta nici o imagine gretoasa de la abator.

I'm not going to go into any gucky slaughter slides.

I've got that stuff up on YouTube, if you want to look at it.

Puteti gasi pe Youtube tot ce am pus acolo daca sunteti interesati.

Dar, unul din lucrurile de care eram capabila in munca mea de proiectare

(Laughter)

But one of the things that I was able to do in my design work

era sa efectuez efectiv un test mental

is I could test-run a piece of equipment in my mind,

al unei piese de echipament,

just like a virtual reality computer system.

asa cum ar face-o un sistem computerizat de realitate virtuala.

And this is an aerial view of a recreation of one of my projects

Iar aceasta este o vedere aeriana

a unei reproduceri dupa unul din proiectele mele care a fost folosit in film.

that was used in the movie.

That was like just so super cool.

A fost pur si simplu "super cool".

And there were a lot of, kind of, Asperger types and autism types

Si erau o gramada de persoane cu Asperger,

si cu autism, care lucrau si ei acolo pe platoul de filmare.

working out there on the movie set, too.

(Rasete)

(Laughter)

But one of the things that really worries me is:

Dar unul dintre lucrurile care ma ingrijoreaza,

este directia in care se vor duce tinerii cu astfel de afectiuni in ziua de azi.

Where's the younger version of those kids going today?

They're not ending up in Silicon Valley,

Nu vor ajunge in Silicon Valley, acolo unde le este locul.

where they belong.

(Rasete)

(Laughter)

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

One of the things I learned very early on because I wasn't that social,

Acum, unul din lucrurile pe care le-am invatat foarte devreme pentru ca nu eram prea sociala

is I had to sell my work, and not myself.

a fost ca a trebuit sa imi promovez munca si nu persoana.

And the way I sold livestock jobs is I showed off my drawings,

Iar modul in care mi-am vandut proiectele pentru vite

a fost ca mi-am aratat desenele, am aratat imagini cu aceste lucruri.

I showed off pictures of things.

Another thing that helped me as a little kid

Un alt lucru ce m-a ajutat ca mic copil

is, boy, in the '50s, you were taught manners.

a fost ca in anii '50 erai invatata bunele maniere.

You were taught you can't pull the merchandise off the shelves

Erai invatata ca nu puteai sa iei marfa depe rafturi

din magazin si sa o arunci in jur.

in the store and throw it around.

Acum, cand copiii ajung in clasa a 3-a sau a 4-a,

When kids get to be in third or fourth grade,

you might see that this kid's going to be a visual thinker,

probabil vei observa ca acel copil va deveni un ganditor vizual,

drawing in perspective.

desenand in perspectiva. Acum, doresc sa

Now, I want to emphasize

subliniez ca nu orice copil autistic

that not every autistic kid is going to be a visual thinker.

va deveni un ganditor vizual.

Now, I had this brain scan done several years ago,

Acum, am avut aceasta tomografie a creierului in urma cu cativa ani,

and I used to joke around about having a gigantic Internet trunk line

si obisnuiam sa glumesc ca aveam

o linie gigantica de internet

going deep into my visual cortex.

conectata adanc in cortexul meu vizual.

This is tensor imaging.

Aceasta este imagine vectoriala.

And my great big Internet trunk line is twice as big as the control's.

Iar linia mea mareata de internet

este de doua ori mai mare decat cea a persoanei de referinta.

The red lines there are me,

Liniile rosii sunt ale mele,

and the blue lines are the sex and age-matched control.

iar cele albastre sunt pentru comparatii cu subiecti de aceeasi varsta si sex.

And there I got a gigantic one,

Iar aici am avut una gigantica,

and the control over there, the blue one, has got a really small one.

iar persoana de referinta, cea albastra,

are una foarte mica.

And some of the research now is showing

Si exista studii care arata

that people on the spectrum actually think with the primary visual cortex.

ca persoanele din spectul autismului gandesc de fapt cu cotexul vizual primar.

Now, the thing is, the visual thinker is just one kind of mind.

Acum insa, ganditorul vizual reprezinta doar unul din tipurile mentale.

You see, the autistic mind tends to be a specialist mind --

Vedeti dumneavoastra, mintea autistica tinde sa fie o minte specializata.

good at one thing, bad at something else.

Buna la ceva, rea la altceva.

And where I was bad was algebra.

Iar eu am stat foarte prost la algebra. Si nu am fost niciodata

And I was never allowed to take geometry or trig.

lasata sa invat geometrie sau trigonometrie.

Gigantic mistake.

Greseala gigantica. Descopar o gramada de copii care au nevoie sa sara peste algebra

I'm finding a lot of kids who need to skip algebra,

go right to geometry and trig.

si sa treaca direct la geometrie si trigonometrie.

Now, another kind of mind is the pattern thinker.

Acum, un alt tip mental este ganditorul in tipare.

More abstract.

Mult mai abstract. Acestia sunt inginerii dumneavoastra,

These are your engineers, your computer programmers.

programatorii dumneavoastra pe calculator.

This is pattern thinking.

Acum, aceasta este gandirea in tipare. Acea calugarita

That praying mantis is made from a single sheet of paper --

este creata dintr-o singura foaie de hartie.

no scotch tape, no cuts.

fara banda adeziva, fara taieturi.

And there in the background is the pattern for folding it.

Iar in fundal se afla tiparul pentru obtinerea ei.

Here are the types of thinking:

Iata tipurile de gandire,

photo-realistic visual thinkers, like me;

ganditori vizuali, ca si mine.

pattern thinkers, music and math minds.

Ganditori in tipare, minti de muzicieni si matematicieni.

Some of these oftentimes have problems with reading.

Unii dintre acestia au probleme cu cititul.

You also will see these kind of problems with kids that are dyslexic.

Puteti gasi astfel de probleme si la

copii care sunt dislexici.

You'll see these different kinds of minds.

Puteti gasi toate aceste tipuri diferite de gandire.

And then there's a verbal mind, they know every fact about everything.

Iar apoi exista si gandirea verbal. Acestia stiu orice detaliu despre tot.

Acum, un alt lucru sunt aspectele senzoriale.

Now, another thing is the sensory issues.

Am fost foarte ingrijorata cand a trebuit sa port microfonul acesta pe fata.

I was really concerned about having to wear this gadget on my face.

And I came in half an hour beforehand

Si am sosit cu jumatate de ora inainte

so I could have it put on and kind of get used to it,

ca sa il port si sa ma obisnuiesc cu el.

and they got it bent so it's not hitting my chin.

Si l-au indoit ca sa nu ma loveasca in barbie.

But sensory is an issue.

Dar senzorii sunt o problema. Unii copii sunt deranjati de lampi fluorescente;

Some kids are bothered by fluorescent lights;

others have problems with sound sensitivity.

altii au probleme cu senzitivitatea la sunete.

You know, it's going to be variable.

Stiti, variaza de la caz la caz.

Now, visual thinking gave me a whole lot of insight

Acum, gandirea vizuala mi-a oferit destula perspectiva

into the animal mind.

in modul de gandire al animalelor.

Because think about it: an animal is a sensory-based thinker,

Si iata de ce. Un animal gandeste pe baza senzatiilor,

not verbal -- thinks in pictures, thinks in sounds, thinks in smells.

nu este verbal. Gandeste in imagini.

Gandeste in sunete. Gandeste in mirosuri.

Think about how much information there is on the local fire hydrant.

Imaginati-va cata informatie se afla pe hidrantul de pe strada.

He knows who's been there --

Stie cine a fost acolo, cand a fost acolo,

(Laughter)

When they were there.

daca este prieten sau dusman, daca este cineva cu care se va imperechea.

Are they friend or foe? Is there anybody he can go mate with?

There's a ton of information on that fire hydrant.

Exista o tona de informatii pe acel hidrant.

It's all very detailed information.

Si este o informatie foarte detaliata.

And looking at these kind of details gave me a lot of insight into animals.

Iar, uitandu-ma la toate aceste feluri de detalii

am obtinut foarte multa intelegere in lumea animalelor.

Now, the animal mind, and also my mind,

Acum, mintea unui animal, ca si mintea mea

puts sensory-based information into categories.

aseaza informatia senzoriala

in categorii.

Man on a horse,

Om calare pe un cal,

and a man on the ground --

si om la pamant,

that is viewed as two totally different things.

aceste situatii sunt plasate in categorii diferite.

You could have a horse that's been abused by a rider.

Ai putea avea un cal care a fost abuzat de un calaret.

They'll be absolutely fine with the veterinarian

Astfel de cai nu ar avea absolut nimic cu un doctor veterinar,

and with the horseshoer, but you can't ride him.

sau cu un potcovar, insa nimeni nu l-ar putea calari.

You have another horse, where maybe the horseshoer beat him up,

Ai putea avea un cal pe care probabil potcovarul l-a batut,

and he'll be terrible for anything on the ground with the veterinarian,

si ar avea mari probleme cu oricine aflat pe pamant,

cu un veterinar de exemplu, dar o persoana l-ar putea calari.

but a person can ride him.

Vitele sunt la fel.

Cattle are the same way.

Man on a horse, a man on foot -- they're two different things.

Om calare pe un cal,

un om mergand pe jos, doua lucruri diferite.

You see, it's a different picture.

Intelegeti, este o imagine diferita.

See, I want you to think about just how specific this is.

Intelegeti, vreau sa va ganditi cat de specifice sunt aceste detalii.

Now, this ability to put information into categories,

Acum, aceasta abilitate de a pune informatia in categorii,

I find a lot of people are not very good at this.

aflu ca o gramada de oameni nu sunt prea buni la asa ceva.

When I'm out troubleshooting equipment

Cand merg pe teren sa diagnostichez utilaje

or problems with something in a plant,

sau probleme cu ceva in vreo fabrica,

they don't seem to be able to figure out:

oamenii se pare ca nu isi dau seama: "Avem probleme cu personalul, cu oamenii?

"Do I have a training-people issue?

Or do I have something wrong with the equipment?"

Sau avem probleme cu utilajul?"

In other words, categorize equipment problem from a people problem.

Cu alte cuvinte, trebuie distins intre probleme de utilaj

si probleme cu oamenii care il folosesc.

I find a lot of people have difficulty doing that.

Si aflu ca multi oameni au mari greutati sa faca asa ceva.

Now, let's say I figure out it's an equipment problem.

Acum, sa presupunem ca aflu ca este o problema cu utilajul.

Is it a minor problem, with something simple I can fix?

Este o problema minora, cu ceva simplu pe care il pot repara?

Sau este o problema cu intregul proiect al sistemului?

Or is the whole design of the system wrong?

People have a hard time figuring that out.

Oamenii au mari probleme sa inteleaga asa ceva.

Let's just look at something like, you know,

Haideti sa ne uitam la ceva gen, stiti,

solving problems with making airlines safer.

cum sa facem liniile aeriene mai sigure.

Yeah, I'm a million-mile flier.

Da, am zburat mai mult de 1 milion de mile.

I do lots and lots of flying,

Zbor foarte mult,

and if I was at the FAA,

si daca as fi fost in FAA,

what would I be doing a lot of direct observation of?

pe ce mi-as concentra majoritatea observatiilor?

It would be their airplane tails.

Pe cozile avioanelor.

You know, five fatal wrecks in the last 20 years,

Stiti, 5 accidente fatale in ultimii 20 de ani,

the tail either came off,

fie coada s-a rupt, sau mecanismul de control din interior s-a rupt

or steering stuff inside the tail broke in some way.

in vreun fel.

It's tails, pure and simple.

Pur si simplu, sunt cozile de vina.

And when the pilots walk around the plane, guess what?

Iar cand pilotii inspecteaza avionul, ghiciti ce? Ei nu pot sa vada

They can't see that stuff inside the tail.

ce este in interiorul cozii.

Now as I think about that,

Stiti, cum stau acum si ma gandesc,

I'm pulling up all of that specific information.

extrag toata acea informatia specifica din memorie.

It's specific.

Este specifica. Asa ca intelegeti, gandirea mea este de jos in sus.

See, my thinking's bottom-up.

I take all the little pieces and I put the pieces together like a puzzle.

Iau toate aceste piese mici si le pun impreuna ca intr-un puzzle.

Now, here is a horse that was deathly afraid of black cowboy hats.

Acum, iata un cal caruia ii era frica de moarte

de palarii negre de cowbow.

He'd been abused by somebody with a black cowboy hat.

Fusese maltratat de cineva cu o palarie neagra de cowbow.

White cowboy hats, that was absolutely fine.

Palarii albe de cowboy, cu ele nu avea nimic.

Now, the thing is, the world is going to need

Acum, chestia este, lumea va avea nevoie

all of the different kinds of minds to work together.

de toate tipurile de gandire

sa lucreze impreuna.

We've got to work on developing all these different kinds of minds.

Va trebui sa lucram sa dezvoltam toate aceste tipuri de gandire.

And one of the things that is driving me really crazy

Iar unul dintre lucrurile ce pur si simplu ma scoate din sarite,

as I travel around and I do autism meetings,

in timp ce calatoresc si merg la prezentari de autism,

is I'm seeing a lot of smart, geeky, nerdy kids,

este ca vad o gramada de copii destepti si ciudati.

and they just aren't very social,

Iar singura lor problema este ca nu sunt prea sociali.

and nobody's working on developing their interest

Si nimeni nu lucreaza sa le dezvolte interesul

in ceva cum ar fi stiinta.

in something like science.

And this brings up the whole thing of my science teacher.

Iar asta imi aminteste toata povestea cu profesorul meu de stiinte naturale.

My science teacher is shown absolutely beautifully in the movie.

Profesorul meu de stiinte naturale este prezentat nemaipomenit de frumos in film.

I was a goofball student when I was in high school.

Eram o eleva aiurita. Cand eram in liceu

nu imi pasa deloc sa invat,

I just didn't care at all about studying,

until I had Mr. Carlock's science class.

pana cand am avut ore de stiinte naturale cu domnul Carlock.

He was now Dr. Carlock in the movie.

El care este acum Dr. Carlock in film.

And he got me challenged to figure out an optical illusion room.

El a fost cel care m-a provocat

sa inteleg o camera de iluzii optice.

This brings up the whole thing of you've got to show kids

Asta aduce in prim plan faptul ca trebuie sa le arati copiilor

interesting stuff.

lucruri interesante.

You know, one of the things that I think maybe TED ought to do

Stiti, unul din lucrurile pe care TED ar trebui sa le faca

is tell all the schools about all the great lectures that are on TED,

este sa spuna tuturor scolilor despre prezentarile nemaipomenite care sunt la TED,

si exista o multime de lucruri nemaipomenite pe internet

and there's all kinds of great stuff on the Internet

care sa le trezeasca interesul acestor copiilor.

to get these kids turned on.

Pentru ca vad o multime de astfel de copii inteligenti

Because I'm seeing a lot of these geeky, nerdy kids,

and the teachers out in the Midwest and other parts of the country

iar profesorii in alte parti ale tarii

when you get away from these tech areas,

departe de aceste zone tehnologice

they don't know what to do with these kids.

ei nu stiu ce sa faca cu acesti copii.

And they're not going down the right path.

Si nu merg pe calea care trebuie.

The thing is, you can make a mind

Ideea este, poti face o minte

to be more of a thinking and cognitive mind,

sa fie mai ganditoare sau mai cognitiva.

or your mind can be wired to be more social.

Sau mintea ta poate fi facuta sa fie mai sociala.

And what some of the research now has shown in autism

Iar ceea ce ne arata acum niste studii despre autism,

is there may by extra wiring back here in the really brilliant mind,

este ca avem o gramada de circuite extra aici,

in mintea super stralucitoare, si ca avem mai putine circuite sociale aici.

and we lose a few social circuits here.

Este un fel de compromis intre gandire si partea sociala.

It's kind of a trade-off between thinking and social.

And then you can get to the point where it's so severe,

Si poti ajunge la punctul in care totul este atat de sever

you're going to have a person that's going to be non-verbal.

incat vei avea parte de o persoana care va fi non-verbala.

In the normal human mind,

In mintea umana normala

language covers up the visual thinking we share with animals.

limbajul acopera gandirea vizuala pe care o avem in comun cu animalele.

This is the work of Dr. Bruce Miller.

Aceasta este munca doctorului Bruce Miller.

El a studiat pacienti cu Alzheimer

He studied Alzheimer's patients that had frontal temporal lobe dementia.

care au suferit de dementa lobului frontal temporal.

And the dementia ate out the language parts of the brain.

Iar dementa le-a mancat din partile de limbaj ale creierului,

And then this artwork came out of somebody

iar aceasta opera de arta a fost produsa de cineva care obisnuia sa instaleze sisteme stereo in autoturisme.

who used to install stereos in cars.

Now, Van Gogh doesn't know anything about physics,

Acum, Van Gogh nu stia nimic despre fizica.

but I think it's very interesting that there was some work done

Dar este foarte interesant

ca exista niste studii ce arata ca

to show that this eddy pattern in this painting

acest vartej in pictura sa

followed a statistical model of turbulence,

respecta un model statistic de turbulenta.

which brings up the whole interesting idea

Ceea ce ne duce la toata aceasta idee interesanta

of maybe some of this mathematical patterns is in our own head.

ca poate o parte din aceste tipare matematice

exista in propriul tau cap.

And the Wolfram stuff --

Si lucrurile despre Wolfram pentru care luam

I was taking notes and writing down all the search words I could use,

notite si scriam toate

cuvintele cheie de cautare pe care le-as putea folosi

because I think that's going to go on in my autism lectures.

deoarece cred ca vor fi puse in prezentarile mele despre autism.

We've got to show these kids interesting stuff.

Trebuie sa le aratam acestor copii lucruri interesante.

And they've taken out the auto-shop class

Iar ei au eliminat orele de mecanica auto

and the drafting class and the art class.

si de lucru manual, si de arte.

I mean, art was my best subject in school.

Vreau sa spun ca artele erau subiectul meu preferat la scoala.

We've got to think about all these different kinds of minds,

Trebuie sa ne gandim la toate aceste feluri diferite de gandire.

Si trebuie sa lucram neaparat cu aceste feluri de gandire,

and we've got to absolutely work with these kind of minds,

because we absolutely are going to need

pentru ca inevitabil vom avea nevoie

these kinds of people in the future.

de astfel de oameni in viitor.

And let's talk about jobs.

Si haideti sa vorbim despre slujbe.

OK, my science teacher got me studying,

OK, profesorul meu de stiinte naturale m-a facut sa invat

because I was a goofball that didn't want to study.

pentru ca eram aiurita si nu voiam sa invat.

But you know what? I was getting work experience.

Dar stiti ce? Am obtinut experienta de munca.

I'm seeing too many of these smart kids who haven't learned basic things,

Vad mult prea multi dintre acesti copii destepti care nu au invatat lucruri elementare,

gen cum sa fii punctual.

like how to be on time -- I was taught that when I was eight years old.

Eu am fost invatata asa ceva cand aveam opt ani.

Sau stiti, cum sa ai bune maniere la masa la petrecerea de duminica a bunicii.

How to have table manners at granny's Sunday party.

Am fost invatata asa ceva cand eram foarte foarte tanara

I was taught that when I was very, very young.

And when I was 13, I had a job at a dressmaker's shop sewing clothes.

Iar cand aveam 13 ani, am avut o slujba la un croitor de rochii

unde vindeam haine.

I did internships in college,

Am lucrat in practica in timpul facultatii.

I was building things,

Construiam lucruri.

and I also had to learn how to do assignments.

Si am fost nevoita sa invat cum sa imi fac temele.

You know, all I wanted to do was draw pictures of horses when I was little.

Stiti, cand eram mica, tot ce imi doream era sa desenez cai.

My mother said, "Well let's do a picture of something else."

Iar mama imi spunea: "Hai sa desenam si altceva"

Ei trebuie sa invete cum sa faca si altceva.

They've got to learn how to do something else.

Sa presupunem ca un copil este fixat pe jocul de Lego.

Let's say the kid is fixated on Legos.

Haideti sa il facem interesat sa lucreze la constructia unor diverse lucruri.

Let's get him working on building different things.

The thing about the autistic mind is it tends to be fixated.

Unul din aspectele mintii autiste

este ca tinde sa se fixeze pe anumite lucruri.

Like if the kid loves race cars, let's use race cars for math.

Asa ca daca un copil iubeste masinile de curse

haideti sa folosim masini de curse ca sa il invatam matematica.

Let's figure out how long it takes a race car to go a certain distance.

Sa calculam cat ii ia unei masini de curse pentru a strabate o anumita distanta.

In other words, use that fixation

Cu alte cuvinte, folositi acea fixatie

in order to motivate that kid, that's one of the things we need to do.

ca sa va motivati copilul, asta este unul din lucrurile pe care trebuie sa le facem.

I really get fed up when the teachers,

Sunt pur si simplu exasperata cand ei, stiti, profesorii,

especially when you get away from this part of the country,

in special cand te duci departe de partea asta a tarii,

they don't know what to do with these smart kids.

ei nu stiu ce sa faca in legatura cu acesti copii inteligenti.

Pur si simplu ma innebuneste.

It just drives me crazy.

What can visual thinkers do when they grow up?

Ce pot face ganditorii vizuali cand vor creste?

They can do graphic design, all kinds of stuff with computers,

Pot face design grafic, tot felul de lucruri pe calculator,

photography, industrial design.

fotografie, design industrial.

The pattern thinkers -- they're the ones that are going to be your mathematicians,

Ganditorii in tipare, ei sunt cei ce vor deveni

pentru dumneavoastra matematicieni, ingineri software,

your software engineers, your computer programmers,

programatori pe calculator, tot felul de astfel de profesii.

all of those kinds of jobs.

And then you've got the word minds; they make great journalists,

Iar apoi avem mintile verbale. Ei vor deveni foarte buni jurnalisti.

and they also make really, really good stage actors.

Si tot ei pot deveni actori de scena extrem de buni.

Because the thing about being autistic is,

Pentru ca unul din aspectele legate de autism este ca

I had to learn social skills like being in a play.

a trebuit sa invat deprinderi sociale ca si cum as fi intr-o piesa de teatru.

You just kind of ... you just have to learn it.

Pur si simplu, a trebuit sa le invat.

And we need to be working with these students.

Si va trebui sa lucram cu acesti studenti.

And this brings up mentors.

Iar asta ne duce sa discutam despre mentori.

You know, my science teacher was not an accredited teacher.

Stiti, profesorul meu de stiinte naturale nu era un profesor acreditat.

He was a NASA space scientist.

Era un cercetator de la NASA.

Some states now are getting it to where, if you have a degree in biology

Acum, unele state au ajuns la punctul in care

daca ai o diploma in biologie sau o diploma in chimie

or in chemistry,

you can come into the school and teach biology or chemistry.

poti veni la scoala sa predai biologie sau chimie.

We need to be doing that.

Trebuie sa facem asa ceva.

Because what I'm observing is,

Pentru ca ce observ eu este ca

the good teachers, for a lot of these kids,

profesorii buni, pentru multi din acesti copii,

are out in the community colleges.

sunt cei care ies de pe bancile universitatilor de stat.

But we need to be getting some of these good teachers

Trebuie sa aducem in licee pe unii dintre acesti buni profesori.

into the high schools.

Un alt lucru, ce poate fi de foarte-foarte mare succes este ca

Another thing that can be very, very, very successful is:

multi oameni s-au pensionat

there's a lot of people that may have retired

from working in the software industry,

nu mai lucreaza in industria software, iar ei iti pot invata copilul.

and they can teach your kid.

Si nu conteaza ca ceea ce ii invata este invechit,

And it doesn't matter if what they teach them is old,

because what you're doing is you're lighting the spark.

pentru ca ce faceti este sa aprindeti o scanteie.

You're getting that kid turned on.

Aduceti copilul sa fie interesat.

And you get him turned on, then you'll learn all the new stuff.

Iar cand il faceti interesat, va invata toate lucrurile noi.

Mentors are just essential.

Mentorii sunt pur si simplu esentiali.

I cannot emphasize enough what my science teacher did for me.

Nu pot sublinia indeajuns

ce a facut profesorul meu de stiinte naturale pentru mine.

And we've got to mentor them, hire them.

Si trebuie sa le oferim mentori, sa ii angajam.

And if you bring them in for internships in your companies,

Iar daca ii aduceti pentru practica in companiile dumneavoastra,

ideea despre autism, tipul mental gen Asperger,

the thing about the autism, Asperger-y kind of mind,

you've got to give them a specific task.

trebuie sa le dati sarcini specifice. Nu le spuneti doar "Proiecteaza software nou".

Don't just say, "Design new software."

Trebuie sa fiti mult mai specifici.

You've got to tell them something more specific:

"Ei bine, noi cream software pentru un telefon

"We're designing software for a phone

and it has to do some specific thing,

si trebuie sa faca un lucru anume.

and it can only use so much memory."

Si poate folosi doar atata memorie".

That's the kind of specificity you need.

Asta este nivelul de detaliu de care au ei nevoie.

Well, that's the end of my talk.

Ei bine, acesta este sfarsitul prezentarii mele.

And I just want to thank everybody for coming.

Si doresc sa multumesc tuturor celor prezenti.

It was great to be here.

A fost minunat sa ma aflu aici.

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

(Applause ends)

Aveti intrebari pentru mine? Ok.

Oh -- you have a question for me? OK.

(Applause)

(Aplauze)

Chris Anderson: Multumim mult pentru tot.

Chris Anderson: Thank you so much for that.

You know, you once wrote -- I like this quote:

Stiti, ati scris odata, imi place citatul acesta:

"If by some magic, autism had been eradicated from the face of the Earth,

"Daca printr-o minune, autismul ar fi

eradicat de pe fata pamantului,

then men would still be socializing in front of a wood fire

atunci oamenii inca s-ar socializa in fata unui foc de lemne

at the entrance to a cave."

la gura unei pesteri".

(Laughter)

Temple Grandin: Because who do you think made the first stone spear?

Temple Grandin: Pai cine credeti ca a facut prima lance cu varf de piatra?

Tipul cu Asperger. Iar daca ati elimina toate genele autismului

It was the Asperger guy,

and if you were to get rid of all the autism genetics,

nu ar mai exista Silicon Valley,

there'd be no more Silicon Valley, and the energy crisis would not be solved.

iar criza energetica nu ar mai fi rezolvata.

(Aplauze)

(Applause)

CA: I want to ask you a couple other questions,

CA: Asa, doream sa va pun inca vreo doua intrebari.

si daca simtiti ca unele sunt stanjenitoare

and if any of these feel inappropriate, it's OK just to say, "Next question."

puteti spune pur si simplu "Intrebarea urmatoare".

But if there is someone here who has an autistic child,

Dar daca exista cineva aici

care are un copil autistic,

or knows an autistic child and feels kind of cut off from them,

sau care cunoaste un copil cu autism

si se simte cumva ignorat de acesti copii,

what advice would you give them?

ce sfat le-ati da?

TG: Well, first of all, we've got to look at age.

TG: Pentru inceput, trebuie sa va uitati la varsta.

Daca aveti un copil de doi, trei sau patru ani

If you have a two, three or four-year-old, no speech, no social interaction,

stiti, care nu vorbeste, care nu interactioneaza social,

I can't emphasize enough: Don't wait.

nu pot sublinia cu destula tarie

nu asteptati, aveti nevoie de minim 20 de ore saptamanal de antrenament unu-la-unu.

You need at least 20 hours a week of one-to-one teaching.

The thing is, autism comes in different degrees.

Stiti, ideea este ca autismul are diverse grade de afectiune.

About half of the people on the spectrum are not going to learn to talk,

Vor fi probabil in jur de jumatate din oamenii din spectru

care nu vor invata sa vorbeasca, si nu vor putea munci

and they won't be working in Silicon Valley.

in Silicon Valley, pentru ca nu ar fi un lucru adecvat pentru ei.

That would not be a reasonable thing for them to do.

Dar mai sunt si copiii destepti

But then you get these smart, geeky kids with a touch of autism,

care au doar o urma de autism,

and that's where you've got to get them turned on

si pe ei trebuie sa te concentrezi ca sa ii faci preocupati

with doing interesting things.

de lucruri interesante.

I got social interaction through shared interests --

Am avut parte de interactiune sociala prin interese in comun.

I rode horses with other kids, I made model rockets with other kids,

Am calarit cai cu alti copii. Am facut rachetomodele cu alti copii,

did electronics lab with other kids.

am facut laborator de electronica impreuna cu alti copii,

And in the '60s, it was gluing mirrors onto a rubber membrane on a speaker

iar asta in anii '60 insemna sa lipesti oglinzi

pe o membrana de cauciuc pe un difuzor ca sa obtii un spectacol de lumini.

to make a light show.

That was, like, we considered that super cool.

Aia era ce consideram noi atunci "super cool".

(Laughter)

CA: Este cumva nerealist pentru ei

CA: Is it unrealistic for them

to hope or think that that child loves them, as some might, as most, wish?

sa spere sau sa creada ca acel copil

ii iubeste, asa cum poate, asa cum cei mai multi isi doresc?

TG: Well, I tell you, that child will be loyal,

TG: Lasati-ma sa va spun ca acel copil va fi loial.

and if your house is burning down, they're going to get you out of it.

Iar daca va arde casa ei o sa va scoata afara din ea.

CA: Incredibil. Cei mai multi oameni, daca ii intrebi,

CA: Wow. So most people, if you ask them what they're most passionate about,

ce ii pasioneaza cel mai mult, vor raspunde cu lucruri de genul

they'd say things like, "My kids" or "My lover."

"Copiii mei" sau "Iubita mea".

Ce va pasioneaza pe dumneavoastra cel mai mult?

What are you most passionate about?

TG: I'm passionate about that the things I do

TG: Ma pasioneaza ca lucrurile pe care le fac

vor face ca lumea sa devina un loc mai bun.

are going to make the world a better place.

Cand o mama de copil autistic imi spune

When I have a mother of an autistic child say,

"Copilul meu a mers la facultate din cauza cartii dumneavoastra,

"My kid went to college because of your book

sau din cauza uneia din prezentarile dumneavoastra", lucrul acela ma face fericita.

or one of your lectures,"

that makes me happy.

Stiti, abatoarele, am lucrat cu ele

You know, the slaughter plants I worked with in the '80s;

in anii '80; erau pur si simplu ingrozitoare.

they were absolutely awful.

I developed a really simple scoring system for slaughter plants,

Am dezvoltat un sistem de puncte foarte simplu pentru abatoare

where you just measure outcomes:

unde se masurau doar rezultatele: cate vite cadeau,

How many cattle fell down?

cate vite erau impunse cu batul electric,

How many got poked with the prodder?

How many cattle are mooing their heads off?

cate vite mugeau in nestire.

Si e foarte simplu.

And it's very, very simple.

You directly observe a few simple things.

Observi direct cateva lucruri foarte simple.

It's worked really well.

A functionat foarte bine. Primesc o gramada de satisfactii

I get satisfaction out of seeing stuff

vazand lucruri care pot face diferente majore

that makes real change in the real world.

in viata reala.

We need a lot more of that, and a lot less abstract stuff.

si mult mai putina de lucruri abstracte.

CA: Totally.

(Aplauze)

(Applause)

CA: When we were talking on the phone, one of the things you said

CA: Cand am vorbit la telefon, unul dintre lucrurile pe care le-ati spus

si care m-au uimit a fost ca ati spus un lucru

that really astonished me

was that one thing you were passionate about was server farms.

cat de pasionata sunteti in legatura cu fermele de servere. Spuneti-mi despre asta.

Tell me about that.

TG: Motivul pentru care am devenit foarte interesata cand am citit despre asa ceva

TG: Well, the reason why I got really excited when I read about that,

este deoarece contine informatii.

it contains knowledge.

It's libraries.

Sunt biblioteci.

And to me, knowledge is something that is extremely valuable.

Iar pentru mine asta inseamna

ceva extrem de valoros. Si, poate, in urma cu 10 ani

So, maybe over 10 years ago now, our library got flooded.

biblioteca noastra a fost inundata.

This is before the Internet got really big.

Iar asta s-a intamplat inainte ca internetul sa devina atat de mare.

And I was really upset about all the books being wrecked,

Iar eu am fost foarte suparata pentru toate cartile care au fost stricate,

pentru ca o gramada de informatii au fost distruse.

because it was knowledge being destroyed.

Iar fermele de servere, sau centrele de date

And server farms, or data centers, are great libraries of knowledge.

sunt biblioteci imense de informatii.

CA: Temple, can I just say,

CA: Temple, pot sa spun ca a fost o placere absoluta sa te avem aici la TED.

it's an absolute delight to have you at TED.

TG: Ei bine, multumesc foarte mult. Va multumesc.

Thank you so much.

TG: Well, thank you so much. Thank you.

(Aplauze)

(Applause)