Teach girls bravery, not perfection | Reshma Saujani

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

So a few years ago,

Dakle, pre nekoliko godina

I did something really brave,

sam uradila nešto uistinu hrabro

or some would say really stupid.

ili neki bi rekli uistinu glupo.

I ran for Congress.

Kandidovala sam se za kongres.

For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics

Godinama sam živela u bezbednoj političkoj pozadini

as a fundraiser, as an organizer,

kao blagajnica, organizatorka,

but in my heart, I always wanted to run.

ali duboko u sebi sam oduvek želela da se kandidujem.

The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992.

Postojeća kongreskinja zastupa moj okrug od 1992.

She had never lost a race,

Nikad nije izgubila izbore

and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary.

i niko joj zaista nije bio protivkandidat na predizborima Demokratske stranke.

But in my mind, this was my way

Ali u mojoj svesti je ovo bio moj vid

to make a difference,

uticaja na promene,

to disrupt the status quo.

poremećaja statusa kvo.

The polls, however, told a very different story.

Ankete su međutim govorile nešto drugo.

My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run,

Moji anketari su mi rekli da sam luda jer se kandidujem,

that there was no way that I could win.

da ne postoji način da mogu da pobedim.

But I ran anyway,

Ali sam se svejedno kandidovala

and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race.

i 2012. sam bila nova nada na njujorškim izborima za kongres.

I swore I was going to win.

Zaklela sam se sebi da ću da pobedim.

I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News,

Imala sam podršku njujorškog "Dejli Njuza",

the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day,

žurnal "Vol Strit" me je fotografisao na dan izbora,

and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country.

a CNBC je proglasio ove izbore najzanimljivijim u zemlji.

I raised money from everyone I knew,

Sakupila sam novac od svih koje sam poznavala,

including Indian aunties

uključujući i indijanske tetke

that were just so happy an Indian girl was running.

koje su prosto bile srećne jer se jedna Indijanka kandidovala.

But on election day, the polls were right,

No na dan izbora, ankete su bile u pravu,

and I only got 19 percent of the vote,

ja sam dobila svega 19 procenata glasova,

and the same papers that said I was a rising political star

a iste one novine koje su tvrdile da sam politička zvezda u usponu,

now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars

sada su govorile da sam protraćila 1,3 miliona dolara

on 6,321 votes.

na 6,321 glas.

Don't do the math.

Ne računajte to.

It was humiliating.

Bilo je ponižavajuće.

Now, before you get the wrong idea,

Sad, pre nego što steknete pogrešan utisak,

this is not a talk about the importance of failure.

ovo nije govor o značaju neuspeha.

Nor is it about leaning in.

Niti je o zapinjanju.

I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress

Pričam vam priču o tome kako sam se kandidovala za kongres

because I was 33 years old

kad su mi bile 33 godine

and it was the first time in my entire life

i bilo je to prvi put u mom životu

that I had done something that was truly brave,

da sam učinila nešto što je uistinu hrabro,

where I didn't worry about being perfect.

gde nisam brinula o tome da li sam savršena.

And I'm not alone:

I nisam usamljena:

so many women I talk to tell me

toliko žena mi kaže

that they gravitate towards careers and professions

da teže karijerama i profesijama

that they know they're going to be great in,

u kojima znaju da će da budu sjajne,

that they know they're going to be perfect in,

u kojima znaju da će da budu savršene

and it's no wonder why.

i to nije neobično.

Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure.

Devojke većinom uče da izbegavaju rizike i neuspeh.

We're taught to smile pretty,

Uče nas da se lepo smeškamo,

play it safe, get all A's.

idemo na sigurno, dobijamo čiste petice.

Boys, on the other hand,

Dečaci, s druge strane,

are taught to play rough, swing high,

uče da igraju grubo, da ciljaju visoko,

crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst.

da se uspuzaju do vrha lestvi u parkiću i da se prosto strmoglave.

And by the time they're adults,

I dok porastu,

whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date,

bilo da raspravljaju o povišici ili pitaju nekoga za izlazak,

they're habituated to take risk after risk.

već su naviknuti na preuzimanje rizika za rizikom.

They're rewarded for it.

Nagrađuju ih za to.

It's often said in Silicon Valley,

Često čujemo u Silikonskoj dolini

no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups.

da vas niko ne uzima za ozbiljno, ukoliko nemate dve neuspele firme.

In other words,

Drugim rečima,

we're raising our girls to be perfect,

vaspitavamo devojke da budu savršene,

and we're raising our boys to be brave.

a dečake vaspitavamo da budu hrabri.

Some people worry about our federal deficit,

Neki brinu zbog našeg federalnog deficita,

but I, I worry about our bravery deficit.

ali ja brinem zbog deficita u hrabrosti.

Our economy, our society, we're just losing out

Naša ekonomija, naše društvo, prosto je na gubitku

because we're not raising our girls to be brave.

jer ne vaspitavamo naše devojke da budu hrabre.

The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM,

Deficit u hrabrosti je razlog zašto nema dovoljno žena u STEM-u,

in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress,

direktorki, žena u komisijama, u kongresu

and pretty much everywhere you look.

i skoro nigde na vidiku.

In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck

Psihološkinja Kerol Dvek je 1980-ih

looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment

je posmatrala kako se bistri petaci bave zadatkom

that was too difficult for them.

koji je bio suviše težak za njih.

She found that bright girls were quick to give up.

Otkrila je da bistre devojčice brzo odustaju.

The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up.

Što im je viši koeficijent inteligencije, to će pre da odustanu.

Bright boys, on the other hand,

Bistri dečaci, s druge strane,

found the difficult material to be a challenge.

gledali su na teški materijal kao na izazov.

They found it energizing.

Ispunjavao ih je energijom.

They were more likely to redouble their efforts.

Bili su skloniji da se dvostruko više trude.

What's going on?

Šta se ovde dešava?

Well, at the fifth grade level,

Pa, na nivou petog razreda,

girls routinely outperform boys in every subject,

devojčice su rutinski bolje od dečaka, iz svih predmeta,

including math and science,

uključujući matematiku i nauku,

so it's not a question of ability.

dakle ne radi se o sposobnostima.

The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge.

Razlika je u tome kako dečaci i devojčice prilaze izazovu.

And it doesn't just end in fifth grade.

I ne završava se to prosto u petom razredu.

An HP report found that men will apply for a job

Izveštaj o ljudskim potencijalima je otkrio da muškarci apliciraju za posao

if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications,

ukoliko zadovoljavaju svega 60 procenata traženih kvalifikacija,

but women, women will apply

ali žene, žene se prijavljuju

only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications.

samo ako zadovoljavaju 100 procenata traženih kvalifikacija.

100 percent.

100 procenata.

This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well,

Obično se pozivaju na ovo istraživanje kao na dokaz da, pa dobro,

women need a little more confidence.

ženama je potrebno malo više samopuzdanja.

But I think it's evidence

Međutim, ja smatram da je dokaz

that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection,

da su žene socijalizovane da teže savršenstvu

and they're overly cautious.

i preterano su oprezne.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And even when we're ambitious,

Pa čak i kad smo ambiciozne,

even when we're leaning in,

čak i kada zapinjemo,

that socialization of perfection

ova socijalizacija savršenstva

has caused us to take less risks in our careers.

uzrokuje da preuzimamo manje rizika u našim karijerama.

And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now

Pa je na tih 600,000 trenutno otvorenih mesta za posao

in computing and tech,

u informatici i tehnologiji,

women are being left behind,

žene su izostavljene,

and it means our economy is being left behind

a to znači da je naša ekonomija u zaostatku

on all the innovation and problems women would solve

kad su u pitanju sve te inovacije i problemi koje bi žene rešile

if they were socialized to be brave

kad bismo ih socijalizovali da budu hrabre,

instead of socialized to be perfect.

umesto što ih socijalizujemo da budu savršene.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code,

Pa sam 2012. pokrenula firmu da bih naučila devojke programiranju,

and what I found is that by teaching them to code

a otkrila sam da obučavajući ih programiranju,

I had socialized them to be brave.

socijalizovala sam ih da budu hrabre.

Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error,

Programiranje je beskrajni postupak pokušaja i grešaka,

of trying to get the right command in the right place,

pokušaja da se dođe do prave komande na pravom mestu,

with sometimes just a semicolon

gde ponekad tačka-zarez

making the difference between success and failure.

može da bude ono što stoji između uspeha i neuspeha.

Code breaks and then it falls apart,

Kod zakazuje i potom se raspada,

and it often takes many, many tries

a često je potrebno mnogo, mnogo pokušaja

until that magical moment

do tog magičnog trena

when what you're trying to build comes to life.

kad oživi ono što pokušavate da sagradite.

It requires perseverance.

Potrebna je istrajnost.

It requires imperfection.

Potrebna je nesavršenost.

We immediately see in our program

Odmah zapažamo na našem programu

our girls' fear of not getting it right,

strah kod naših devojaka da neće uspeti,

of not being perfect.

da neće biti savršene.

Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story.

Svi nastavnici iz Girls Who Code-a mi pričaju istu priču.

During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code,

Tokom prve nedelje, kad devojke uče da programiraju,

a student will call her over and she'll say,

učenica će da pozove nastavnicu i reći će:

"I don't know what code to write."

"Ne znam koji kod da pišem."

The teacher will look at her screen,

Nastavnica će da pogleda u njen ekran

and she'll see a blank text editor.

i videće prazan program za obradu teksta.

If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student

Da ne zna bolje, pomislila bi da je njena učenica

spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.

provela poslednjih 20 minuta prosto zureći u ekran.

But if she presses undo a few times,

Ali, ako pritisne "undo" nekoliko puta,

she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it.

videće da je njena učenica ispisala kod, a potom ga je izbrisala.

She tried, she came close,

Pokušala je, primakla se,

but she didn't get it exactly right.

ali nije u potpunosti pogodila.

Instead of showing the progress that she made,

Umesto da pokaže svoj ostvareni napredak,

she'd rather show nothing at all.

radije neće ništa pokazati.

Perfection or bust.

Savršenstvo ili ništa.

It turns out that our girls are really good at coding,

Ispostavilo se da su naše devojke zaista dobre u programiranju,

but it's not enough just to teach them to code.

ali nije ih dovoljno samo podučavati programiranju.

My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia

Moj prijatelj Lev Bri, profesor na univerzitetu Kolumbija

and teaches intro to Java

koji je profesor uvoda u Javaskript

tells me about his office hours with computer science students.

mi priča o konsultacijama sa studentima kompjuterskih nauka.

When the guys are struggling with an assignment,

Kad se muškarci muče sa zadatkom,

they'll come in and they'll say,

doći će i reći:

"Professor, there's something wrong with my code."

"Profesore, nešto nije u redu s mojim kodom."

The girls will come in and say,

Devojke će da dođu i kažu:

"Professor, there's something wrong with me."

"Profesore, nešto nije u redu sa mnom."

We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection,

Moramo početi da zaboravljamo socijalizaciju savršenstva,

but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood

ali moramo to da kombinujemo sa izgradnjom sestrinstva

that lets girls know that they are not alone.

koje bi davalo do znanja devojkama da nisu usamljene.

Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system.

Jer više vrednog rada neće popraviti nefunkcionalan sistem.

I can't tell you how many women tell me,

Ne mogu da vam opišem koliko žena mi kaže:

"I'm afraid to raise my hand,

"Strah me je da podignem ruku,

I'm afraid to ask a question,

strah me je da postavim pitanje

because I don't want to be the only one

jer ne želim da budem jedina

who doesn't understand,

koja ne razume,

the only one who is struggling.

jedina koja se muči."

When we teach girls to be brave

Učeći devojke da budu hrabre,

and we have a supportive network cheering them on,

uz mrežu podrške koja ih bodri,

they will build incredible things,

one će da sagrade neverovatne stvari

and I see this every day.

i ja sam svedok tome svakodnevno.

Take, for instance, two of our high school students

Uzmite, na primer, dve naše srednjoškolke

who built a game called Tampon Run --

koje su napravile igru Trka tampona -

yes, Tampon Run --

da, Trka tampona -

to fight against the menstruation taboo

kako bi se borile protiv tabua o menstruaciji

and sexism in gaming.

i seksizma u industriji igara.

Or the Syrian refugee

Ili sirijsku izbeglicu

who dared show her love for her new country

koja se odvažila da pokaže ljubav prema novoj zemlji,

by building an app to help Americans get to the polls.

praveći aplikaciju koja pomaže Amerikancima da stignu do izbornih mesta.

Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm

Ili 16-ogodišnjakinju koja je napravila algoritam

to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant

koji pomaže u otkrivanju da li je rak benigan ili maligan

in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life

pokušavajući tako da spasi život svom ocu

because he has cancer.

koji ima rak.

These are just three examples of thousands,

Ovo su samo tri primera od na hiljadu,

thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect,

na hiljadu devojaka koje su socijalizovane da budu nesavršene,

who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance.

koje su naučile da se trude, koje su načile da istrajavaju.

And whether they become coders

I bilo da će da postanu programerke

or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé,

ili buduće Hilari Klinton ili Bijonse,

they will not defer their dreams.

neće se odreći svojih snova.

And those dreams have never been more important for our country.

A ti snovi nikad pre nisu bili ovoliko važni za našu državu.

For the American economy, for any economy to grow,

Za američku ekonomiju, za ekonomski rast,

to truly innovate,

za istinske inovacije,

we cannot leave behind half our population.

ne možemo da izostavimo polovinu naše populacije.

We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection,

Moramo da socijalizujemo naše devojke da im bude ugodno u nesavršenosti,

and we've got to do it now.

i moramo to da učinimo odmah.

We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did

Ne možemo da čekamo da nauče da budu hrabre, poput mene

when I was 33 years old.

u 33. godini.

We have to teach them to be brave in schools

Moramo da ih naučimo da budu hrabre u školama

and early in their careers,

i na početku svojih karijera,

when it has the most potential to impact their lives

kada je najizglednije da im to može uticati na živote

and the lives of others,

i živote drugih,

and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted

i moramo da im pokažemo da će da budu voljene i prihvaćene,

not for being perfect

ne zato što su savršene,

but for being courageous.

već zato što su hrabre.

And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know --

Zato želim da svako od vas kaže svakoj mladoj ženi koju poznaje -

your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague --

vašoj sestri, vašoj nećaci, vašoj radnici, vašoj koleginici -

to be comfortable with imperfection,

da se oseća udobno u nesavršenosti,

because when we teach girls to be imperfect,

jer kad učimo devojke da budu nesavršene,

and we help them leverage it,

i pomognemo im da to koriste kao prednost,

we will build a movement of young women who are brave

napravićemo pokret mladih žena koje su hrabre

and who will build a better world for themselves

i koje će da grade bolji svet za sebe

and for each and every one of us.

i za svakog od nas.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you.

Kris Anderson: Rešma, hvala ti.

It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision.

Imaš tako moćnu viziju. Ti si žena s vizijom.

Tell me how it's going.

Reci mi, kako ti ide.

How many girls are involved now in your program?

Koliko je devojaka uključeno u tvoj program?

Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls.

Rešma Saudžani: Da. Dakle, 2012. podučavali smo 20 devojaka.

This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.

Ove godine ćemo podučavati 40,000 u svih 50 država.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And that number is really powerful,

A ta brojka je uistinu moćna

because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science.

jer je prošle godine svega 7,500 žena diplomiralo iz kompjuterskih nauka.

Like, the problem is so bad

Znate, problem je toliko velik

that we can make that type of change quickly.

da može brzo da dođe do tog vida promene.

CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even,

KA: A ti sarađuješ s nekim firmama koje su čak i u ovoj prostoriji,

who are welcoming graduates from your program?

koje spremno dočekuju diplomke s tvog programa?

RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners,

RS: Da, imamo oko 80 partnera,

from Twitter to Facebook

od Tvitera do Fejsbuka,

to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney,

od Adoba do IBM-a, Majkrosofta, Piksara, Diznija.

I mean, every single company out there.

Mislim, svih mogućih firmi.

And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you,

A ako niste upisani, pronaći ću vas

jer nam je potrebno da svaka tehnološka firma

because we need every single tech company

to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.

uključi Girls Who Code učionicu u svoju kancelariju.

CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies

KA: Ti imaš i neke priče iz ovih firmi

that when you mix in more gender balance

da kada dodate više rodne ravnoteže

in the engineering teams, good things happen.

u inženjerskim ekipama, dešavaju se dobre stvari.

RS: Great things happen.

RS: Sjajne se stvari dešavaju.

I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact

Mislim, smatram da je to nenormalno kad razmislite o činjenici

that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women.

da su trenutno 85 procenata svih potrošačkih kupovina obavile žene.

Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men.

Žene koriste društvene medije 600 puta češće od muškaraca.

We own the Internet,

Mi posedujemo internet

and we should be building the companies of tomorrow.

i trebalo bi da gradimo firme budućnosti.

And I think when companies have diverse teams,

I smatram da kad firme imaju raznolike ekipe,

and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams,

i kad imaju neverovatne žene kao deo svojih inženjerskih ekipa,

they build awesome things, and we see it every day.

prave izuzetne stvari i tome smo svedoci svakodnevno.

CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work.

KA: Rešma, videla si reakciju ovde. Radiš izuzetno važan posao.

This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.

Čitava ova zajednica navija za tebe. Daje ti snagu. Hvala ti.

RS: Thank you.

RS: Hvala vama.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)