Teach girls bravery, not perfection | Reshma Saujani

譯者: Wil Huang 審譯者: Yidi Deng

So a few years ago,

幾年前

I did something really brave,

我做了件非常勇敢事

or some would say really stupid.

或者有些人會說是蠢事

I ran for Congress.

我去參選了議員

For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics

多年來我一直安穩地 躲在政治活動的幕後

as a fundraiser, as an organizer,

當募款人、活動發起人

but in my heart, I always wanted to run.

但我心裡總是想出來參選的

The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992.

我那個選區的現任女議員 從1992年就任後

She had never lost a race,

從沒敗選過 一直連任至今

and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary.

在民主黨的初選中 也根本沒人能望其項背

But in my mind, this was my way

但我想這正是我要的

to make a difference,

讓改變發生

to disrupt the status quo.

去打破現狀

The polls, however, told a very different story.

可是民調結果卻完全是另外一回事

My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run,

我的民調分析師說我是瘋了才會參選

that there was no way that I could win.

我根本毫無勝算

But I ran anyway,

但我還是参選了

and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race.

2012年我成為紐約市 議員選戰中的新星

I swore I was going to win.

當時我真心覺得自己會贏

I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News,

紐約日報看好我

the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day,

華爾街日報選舉日當天放的是我的照片

and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country.

連CNBC都說這是全國最激烈的一場選戰

I raised money from everyone I knew,

我窮盡人脈募集資金

including Indian aunties

包括我的印度阿姨們

that were just so happy an Indian girl was running.

她們多開心看見一個 印度女孩出來參選

But on election day, the polls were right,

但到了選舉日當天，民調是對的

and I only got 19 percent of the vote,

我只得到19%的票數

and the same papers that said I was a rising political star

而先前稱我為政壇明日之星的報紙

now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars

現在卻說我白白花費130萬美元

on 6,321 votes.

去換6321票

Don't do the math.

請不要去精算一票到底多貴

It was humiliating.

真是丟臉丟到家了

Now, before you get the wrong idea,

好了，避免誤會，我要先說

this is not a talk about the importance of failure.

今天的演講沒並有要談失敗的重要性

Nor is it about leaning in.

也跟全力以赴無關

I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress

我之所以描述參選議員的過程

because I was 33 years old

是因為當時我已經33歲

and it was the first time in my entire life

而這卻是我此生第一次

that I had done something that was truly brave,

做了件稱得上勇敢的事情

where I didn't worry about being perfect.

同時不用擔心怎樣才能做得完美

And I'm not alone:

我可不是唯一如此的人

so many women I talk to tell me

我訪談過的許多女性都告訴我

that they gravitate towards careers and professions

她們選擇那些工作和專業領域

that they know they're going to be great in,

是因為早就知道自己可以做得很好

that they know they're going to be perfect in,

她們知道自己可以做得盡善盡美

and it's no wonder why.

這一點也不奇怪

Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure.

大多數的女生被教導 要避免冒險與失敗

We're taught to smile pretty,

要笑得端莊

play it safe, get all A's.

不冒險、求安穩、各科拿甲分

Boys, on the other hand,

男生卻截然不同

are taught to play rough, swing high,

他們被教導要玩得粗魯點、盪得高一些

crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst.

爬上單槓頂端 然後頭下腳上地跳下來

And by the time they're adults,

等到長大成人之後

whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date,

不管在要求升遷或是開口邀約時

they're habituated to take risk after risk.

他們習慣一次又一次地去冒險

They're rewarded for it.

他們是被鼓勵這麼做的

It's often said in Silicon Valley,

在矽谷有一句話是這樣的

no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups.

不會有人把你當一回事 除非你已經歷過兩次創業失敗

In other words,

換句話說

we're raising our girls to be perfect,

我們教女孩要追求完美

and we're raising our boys to be brave.

但是教男孩要勇敢無畏

Some people worry about our federal deficit,

有些人為我們的政府赤字擔憂

but I, I worry about our bravery deficit.

但我則擔心我們的勇氣匱乏

Our economy, our society, we're just losing out

我們的經濟、社會都正在走下坡

because we're not raising our girls to be brave.

因為我們不把女孩養育成勇敢的人

The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM,

勇氣匱乏正是

為什麼在理工科教育計畫中

in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress,

在高階主管群、董事會、國會裡

and pretty much everywhere you look.

幾乎所有舉目所及的地方 女性代表的人數不足的原因

In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck

在1980年代，心理學家凱蘿．德威克

looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment

觀察了學業優異的五年級生

是如何應對太難的作業

that was too difficult for them.

She found that bright girls were quick to give up.

她發現聰明的女孩很快就放棄了

The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up.

她們的智商愈高，就愈容易放棄

Bright boys, on the other hand,

而聰明的男孩則相反

found the difficult material to be a challenge.

他們把困難點當做一個挑戰

They found it energizing.

精神都來了

They were more likely to redouble their efforts.

因此可能會加倍努力

What's going on?

問題出在哪

Well, at the fifth grade level,

其實在五年級的階段

girls routinely outperform boys in every subject,

女生每一科的表現通常都勝過男生

including math and science,

包括數學和科學

so it's not a question of ability.

所以這不是能力問題

The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge.

差別在於男女生 如何處理所面臨的挑戰

And it doesn't just end in fifth grade.

而且這不僅止於五年級的孩子

An HP report found that men will apply for a job

惠普公司的一份報告顯示 男性找工作時

if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications,

只要符合六成的門檻 他們就去應徵了

but women, women will apply

但是女性只會去應徵

only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications.

她們完全符合了門檻的工作

100 percent.

百分之百的符合

This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well,

這項研究通常被拿來佐證

women need a little more confidence.

女性需要多一點點的自信

But I think it's evidence

但我認為它證明了

that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection,

女性是被社會教化成要追求完美

and they're overly cautious.

而且謹慎過頭了

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And even when we're ambitious,

甚至當我們有野心

even when we're leaning in,

當我們想傾注心力的時候

that socialization of perfection

那個社會化的完美性格

has caused us to take less risks in our careers.

會造成我們在職業生涯上

選擇風險較少的路走

And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now

所以有60萬個正在虛位以待的

in computing and tech,

電腦和科技產業的工作

women are being left behind,

可是女性卻被遺忘了

and it means our economy is being left behind

而這意味著我們也忽略了所有經濟上

on all the innovation and problems women would solve

女性的創新以及 她們可能可以解決的問題

if they were socialized to be brave

前提是假如社會能教她們勇敢

instead of socialized to be perfect.

而不是追求完美的話

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code,

因此2012年我創立了一間公司 來教女孩寫程式

and what I found is that by teaching them to code

我發現到，透過教程式編寫

I had socialized them to be brave.

其實我是在培養她們變得勇敢

Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error,

程式編寫是一個「不斷檢測 與發現錯誤」的無止境過程

of trying to get the right command in the right place,

要設法在對的地方，輸入正確的指令

with sometimes just a semicolon

有時候只是差一個分號

making the difference between success and failure.

就足以決定成敗

Code breaks and then it falls apart,

程式碼錯了，就全盤皆錯

and it often takes many, many tries

時常要嘗試很多很多次

until that magical moment

奇蹟才會出現

when what you're trying to build comes to life.

你試著建構的東西總算活了起來

It requires perseverance.

這項工作需要毅力

It requires imperfection.

需要不完美

We immediately see in our program

我們馬上就發現

our girls' fear of not getting it right,

參與學程的女孩都害怕犯錯

of not being perfect.

害怕不完美

Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story.

「寫程式的女孩」計畫的每個老師 都告訴我一樣的故事

During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code,

第一週，女孩們還在學 怎麼編寫程式碼時

a student will call her over and she'll say,

學生會請她過去跟她說

"I don't know what code to write."

「我不知道要寫什麼程式碼」

The teacher will look at her screen,

老師看了看她的螢幕

and she'll see a blank text editor.

只會看到一片空白

If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student

假如她不夠瞭解，她會覺得她的學生

spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.

花了20分鐘，只是盯著螢幕發呆

But if she presses undo a few times,

但如果她多按幾下復原鍵

she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it.

她會看見學生其實 寫下程式碼又刪除了

She tried, she came close,

她試過，她逼近了

but she didn't get it exactly right.

可是還沒做到完全正確

Instead of showing the progress that she made,

她不呈現編寫的進展

she'd rather show nothing at all.

卻寧願給人看一片空白

Perfection or bust.

寧缺勿濫

It turns out that our girls are really good at coding,

後來事實證明 女孩們非常擅長程式編寫

but it's not enough just to teach them to code.

但只教她們寫程式還不夠

My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia

我的朋友雷浮．布里教授 在哥倫比亞大學

and teaches intro to Java

教 Java語言的入門課

tells me about his office hours with computer science students.

他曾跟我分享他和主修 電腦科學的學生會談經驗

When the guys are struggling with an assignment,

當男生在作業上遇到困難時

他們會走進辦公室說

they'll come in and they'll say,

「教授，我的程式出了一點問題」

"Professor, there's something wrong with my code."

The girls will come in and say,

女生走進來之後則會說

"Professor, there's something wrong with me."

「教授，我有一些問題」

We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection,

我們要開始修正這種 社會化的完美主義

but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood

而且必須跟建立姐妹情誼一起做

that lets girls know that they are not alone.

這樣才能讓女孩們知道她們並不孤單

Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system.

因為更多的努力 並無法修補一個損壞的系統

I can't tell you how many women tell me,

我沒有辦法告訴你 有多少女性跟我說過

"I'm afraid to raise my hand,

「我害怕舉手

I'm afraid to ask a question,

我害怕問問題

because I don't want to be the only one

因為我不想當那唯一一個

who doesn't understand,

聽不懂的人

the only one who is struggling.

唯一困惑不已的人」

When we teach girls to be brave

我們在教女孩如何勇敢的時候

and we have a supportive network cheering them on,

還有一個支持網絡來鼓舞她們

they will build incredible things,

於是她們就能創造出很棒的東西

and I see this every day.

這是我每天親眼目睹的

Take, for instance, two of our high school students

例如我們有兩個高中生

who built a game called Tampon Run --

建置了一款遊戲叫「衛生棉條大進擊」

yes, Tampon Run --

是的，就是「衛生棉條大進擊」

to fight against the menstruation taboo

她們想透過遊戲的方式來反抗

and sexism in gaming.

談論月經的禁忌以及性別歧視

Or the Syrian refugee

或是有一名敘利亞難民

who dared show her love for her new country

她勇於表現對新國家的熱愛

by building an app to help Americans get to the polls.

而開發出一款幫助美國人 瞭解選舉的應用程式

Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm

另外還有一個16歲的女孩 開發出一套演算法

to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant

能協助檢測出病患的癌症 是良性或惡性的

in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life

希望藉此可以拯救她爸爸的生命

because he has cancer.

因為他罹患了癌症

These are just three examples of thousands,

這僅僅是數千個例子中的三個

thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect,

有上千名女孩已經 被培養得能夠接受缺陷

who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance.

她們學會不斷的嘗試 學會了不屈不撓

And whether they become coders

無論她們未來是否成為寫程式的人

or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé,

還是下一個希拉蕊或碧昂絲

they will not defer their dreams.

她們都不會再延宕自己的夢想了

And those dreams have never been more important for our country.

而那些夢想對我們的國家無比重要

For the American economy, for any economy to grow,

如果美國的經濟 或任何一個國家的經濟要成長

to truly innovate,

要真正的創新

we cannot leave behind half our population.

就不能忽略我們一半的人口

We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection,

我們得要教女孩們接納缺點

and we've got to do it now.

而且現在就要開始行動

We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did

我們不能等著她們像我一樣

when I was 33 years old.

33歲才來學著勇敢

We have to teach them to be brave in schools

我們必須在學校裡就教她們勇敢

and early in their careers,

當她們還是職場新人的時候

when it has the most potential to impact their lives

這是最能夠影響她們的一生

and the lives of others,

以及相關人等的生命的時候

and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted

我們要讓她們知道 她們終將被愛、被接受

not for being perfect

並非因為她們完美無缺

but for being courageous.

而是因為她們勇往直前

And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know --

所以我需要你們去告訴 每一個你認識的年輕女性

your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague --

你的姐妹、外甥女、員工、同事...

to be comfortable with imperfection,

要接納缺點

because when we teach girls to be imperfect,

因為當我們教會她們接受不完美

and we help them leverage it,

並且幫助她們去運用它

we will build a movement of young women who are brave

我們將能創造出一股 勇敢年輕女性的力量

and who will build a better world for themselves

而她們又會為自己

and for each and every one of us.

也為我們每個人創建一個更好的世界

Thank you.

謝謝大家

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝大家

Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you.

克里斯．安德森(CA)： 謝謝妳，瑞絲瑪

It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision.

妳的願景多麼美好遠大啊 妳真有遠見

Tell me how it's going.

跟我談談現在的狀況吧

How many girls are involved now in your program?

有多少女性正在參與妳的學程呢？

Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls.

瑞絲瑪．索佳妮： 好的，2012年我們收了20個女孩

This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.

今年我們則會教導遍佈50洲 總共4萬名的學生

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And that number is really powerful,

這個數量非常驚人

because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science.

因為去年我們在電腦科學方面 只有7500位女性畢業

Like, the problem is so bad

你看這狀況有多糟

that we can make that type of change quickly.

所以我們才能讓改變發生得這麼快

CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even,

CA：而且妳正在跟一些在場的公司合作

who are welcoming graduates from your program?

他們很歡迎妳學程的畢業生是嗎?

RS：是的，我們大概 有80間合作的公司

RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners,

from Twitter to Facebook

從推特到臉書

to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney,

到Adobe、IBM、微軟 皮克斯，還有迪士尼

I mean, every single company out there.

基本上就是你喊得出名字的公司都有

And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you,

假如你還沒和我們合作 我會去找你的

because we need every single tech company

因為我們要每一間科技公司

to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.

在他們的辦公室裡都設置 一間「寫程式的女孩」教室

CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies

CA：妳好像有些故事跟某幾間公司有關

that when you mix in more gender balance

當妳平衡了工程研發團隊的 性別差異之後

in the engineering teams, good things happen.

就有好事發生了?

RS: Great things happen.

RS：美好的事情發生了

I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact

我是說，我想到這件事就覺得很瘋狂

that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women.

現在消費者買的東西 居然有85%是女人做的

Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men.

女人使用社群媒體的頻率 是男人的6倍

We own the Internet,

我們佔據了網際網路

and we should be building the companies of tomorrow.

所以我們應該要建構一個未來企業

And I think when companies have diverse teams,

我認為當公司有多元化的團隊

and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams,

而其中又有傑出的女性 參與工程研發小組

they build awesome things, and we see it every day.

他們會創造出令人讚嘆的東西 這我們每天都親眼見證

CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work.

CA: 瑞絲瑪，妳看到台下的反應了 妳正在做一件非同小可的事情

This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.

全場的觀眾都在鼓勵妳 願妳力上加力，謝謝妳

RS: Thank you.

RS：謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）