Teach girls bravery, not perfection | Reshma Saujani

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

So a few years ago,

Dakle, prije nekoliko godina

I did something really brave,

učinila sam nešto uistinu hrabro,

or some would say really stupid.

ili, neki bi rekli, uistinu glupo.

I ran for Congress.

Kandidirala sam se za Kongres.

For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics

Godinama sam živjela sigurno, u političkoj pozadini,

as a fundraiser, as an organizer,

prikupljala novčana sredstva, bila organizatorica,

but in my heart, I always wanted to run.

no, duboko u sebi, oduvijek sam se željela kandidirati.

The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992.

Trenutna zastupnica u Kongresu zastupa moj okrug od 1992.

She had never lost a race,

Nikada nije izgubila utrku

and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary.

i nitko joj uistinu nije bio protukandidat na predizborima Demokratske stranke.

But in my mind, this was my way

Ali, u mojoj svijesti, ovo je bio moj način

to make a difference,

da promijenim nešto,

to disrupt the status quo.

kako bi se prekinulo postojeće stanje.

The polls, however, told a very different story.

Ankete su, međutim, govorile nešto drugo.

My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run,

Moji anketari su mi rekli da sam luda što se kandidiram,

that there was no way that I could win.

kako nema šanse da pobijedim.

But I ran anyway,

Svejedno sam se kandidirala

and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race.

i 2012. bila sam nova nada na njujorškim izborima za Kongres.

I swore I was going to win.

Zaklela sam se sebi da ću pobijediti.

I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News,

Imala sam podršku njujorškog Daily Newsa,

the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day,

Wall Street Journal fotografirao me na dan izbora,

and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country.

a CNBC je nazvao ove izbore jednima od najzanimljivijih u zemlji.

I raised money from everyone I knew,

Prikupila sam sredstva od svih koje sam poznavala,

including Indian aunties

uključujući i moje indijanske tete,

that were just so happy an Indian girl was running.

koje su bile presretne što se jedna Indijanka kandidirala.

But on election day, the polls were right,

No, na dan izbora, ankete su bile u pravu,

and I only got 19 percent of the vote,

dobila sam svega 19 posto glasova,

and the same papers that said I was a rising political star

a iste one novine koje su tvrdile da sam politička zvijezda u usponu,

now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars

sada su govorile da sam protratila 1,3 milijuna dolara

on 6,321 votes.

na 6,321 glas.

Don't do the math.

Ne morate izračunavati.

It was humiliating.

Bilo je ponižavajuće.

Now, before you get the wrong idea,

Prije nego što steknete pogrešan dojam,

this is not a talk about the importance of failure.

ovo nije govor o značaju neuspjeha.

Nor is it about leaning in.

Niti o ustrajnosti.

I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress

Pričam vam priču o tome kako sam se kandidirala za Kongres

because I was 33 years old

jer su mi tada bile 33 godine

and it was the first time in my entire life

i bilo je to prvi put u mom životu

that I had done something that was truly brave,

da sam učinila nešto uistinu hrabro,

where I didn't worry about being perfect.

gdje nisam brinula o tome jesam li savršena.

And I'm not alone:

I nisam sama u tome:

so many women I talk to tell me

toliko žena mi govori

that they gravitate towards careers and professions

da teže karijerama i profesijama

that they know they're going to be great in,

u kojima znaju da će biti sjajne,

that they know they're going to be perfect in,

u kojima znaju da će biti savršene,

and it's no wonder why.

i to nije neobično.

Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure.

Djevojke većinom uče da izbjegavaju rizike i neuspjeh.

We're taught to smile pretty,

Uče nas da se lijepo smješkamo,

play it safe, get all A's.

igramo na sigurno, dobivamo same petice.

Boys, on the other hand,

Dječake se, s druge strane,

are taught to play rough, swing high,

uči da igraju grubo, da ciljaju visoko,

crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst.

da se popnu na vrh penjalice u parku, a onda samo strmoglave.

And by the time they're adults,

I dok odrastu,

whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date,

bilo da raspravljaju o povišici ili pozivaju nekoga na spoj,

they're habituated to take risk after risk.

već su naviknuti preuzimati rizik za rizikom.

They're rewarded for it.

Nagrađeni su za to.

It's often said in Silicon Valley,

Često se u Silicijskoj dolini govori

no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups.

da vas nitko ne uzima za ozbiljno, ako iza sebe niste imali dvije propale tvrtke.

In other words,

Drugim riječima,

we're raising our girls to be perfect,

odgajamo djevojke da budu savršene,

and we're raising our boys to be brave.

a dječake da budu hrabri.

Some people worry about our federal deficit,

Neki brinu zbog našeg federalnog deficita,

but I, I worry about our bravery deficit.

ali ja brinem zbog deficita hrabrosti.

Our economy, our society, we're just losing out

Naša ekonomija, naše društvo, jednostavno smo na gubitku

because we're not raising our girls to be brave.

jer ne odgajamo naše djevojke da budu hrabre.

The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM,

Deficit hrabrosti je razlog zašto nema dovoljno žena u STEM-u,

in C-suites, in boardrooms, in Congress,

više šefica, žena u odborima, u Kongresu,

and pretty much everywhere you look.

zapravo, gdjegod pogledate.

In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck

80-ih godina, psihologinja Carol Dweck

looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment

promatrala je kako bistri petaši rješavaju zadatak

that was too difficult for them.

koji je bio pretežak za njih.

She found that bright girls were quick to give up.

Otkrila je da bistre djevojčice brzo odustaju.

The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up.

Što im je viši IQ, to će prije odustati.

Bright boys, on the other hand,

Bistri dječaci, s druge strane,

found the difficult material to be a challenge.

gledali su na teške zadatke kao na izazov.

They found it energizing.

Ispunjavao ih je energijom.

They were more likely to redouble their efforts.

Bili su skloniji dvostruko većem trudu.

What's going on?

Što se ovdje događa?

Well, at the fifth grade level,

Pa, na razini petog razreda,

girls routinely outperform boys in every subject,

djevojčice su rutinski bolje od dječaka, iz svih predmeta,

including math and science,

uključujući matematiku i prirodne predmete,

so it's not a question of ability.

dakle, ne radi se o sposobnostima.

The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge.

Razlika je u tome kako dječaci i djevojčice prilaze izazovu.

And it doesn't just end in fifth grade.

I to ne završava u petom razredu.

An HP report found that men will apply for a job

Izvještaj Hewlett Packarda otkriva da se muškarci prijavljuju za posao

if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications,

ukoliko zadovoljavaju svega 60 posto traženih kvalifikacija,

but women, women will apply

dok se žene prijavljuju

only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications.

samo ako zadovoljavaju 100 posto traženih kvalifikacija.

100 percent.

100 posto.

This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well,

Obično se pozivaju na ovo istraživanje kao na dokaz

women need a little more confidence.

da žene trebaju malo više samopouzdanja.

But I think it's evidence

No, mislim da ovo dokazuje

that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection,

kako su žene društveno određene da teže savršenstvu

and they're overly cautious.

i pretjerano su oprezne.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And even when we're ambitious,

Pa čak i kad smo ambiciozne,

even when we're leaning in,

kada smo ustrajne,

that socialization of perfection

društveno nametanje savršenosti

has caused us to take less risks in our careers.

uzrokuje da preuzimamo manje rizika u našim karijerama.

And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now

Pa na tih 600,000 trenutno otvorenih radnih mjesta

in computing and tech,

u informatici i tehnologiji,

women are being left behind,

žene su zapostavljene,

and it means our economy is being left behind

što znači da je naša ekonomija u zaostatku

on all the innovation and problems women would solve

kad su u pitanju sve te inovacije i problemi koje bi žene riješile,

if they were socialized to be brave

kad bismo ih poticali da budu hrabre,

instead of socialized to be perfect.

umjesto što ih potičemo da budu savršene.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code,

2012. pokrenula sam tvrtku kako bih naučila djevojke programiranju,

and what I found is that by teaching them to code

a otkrila sam da, obučavajući ih programiranju,

I had socialized them to be brave.

potaknula sam ih da budu hrabre.

Coding, it's an endless process of trial and error,

Programiranje je beskrajni proces pokušaja i pogrešaka,

of trying to get the right command in the right place,

pokušaja da se dođe do prave naredbe na pravom mjestu,

with sometimes just a semicolon

gdje ponekad točka-zarez

making the difference between success and failure.

može biti ono što stoji između uspjeha i neuspjeha.

Code breaks and then it falls apart,

Kôd se prekida, potom se i raspada

and it often takes many, many tries

i često je potrebno mnogo pokušaja

until that magical moment

do tog čarobnog trenutka,

when what you're trying to build comes to life.

kada ono na čemu radite, napokon oživi.

It requires perseverance.

Potrebna je ustrajnost.

It requires imperfection.

Potrebna je nesavršenost.

We immediately see in our program

Odmah zapažamo na našem programu

our girls' fear of not getting it right,

strah kod naših djevojaka da neće uspjeti,

of not being perfect.

da neće biti savršene.

Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story.

Svi nastavnici iz Girls Who Code mi pričaju istu priču.

During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code,

Tijekom prvog tjedna, kad djevojke uče programiranje,

a student will call her over and she'll say,

učenica zove nastavnicu i kaže:

"I don't know what code to write."

"Ne znam koji kôd napisati."

The teacher will look at her screen,

Nastavnica će pogledati njezin ekran

i vidjeti praznu stranicu programa za uređivanje teksta.

and she'll see a blank text editor.

If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student

Da je ne poznaje, pomislila bi da je njena učenica

spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen.

provela zadnjih 20 minuta samo zureći u ekran.

But if she presses undo a few times,

Ali, ako pritisne "Undo" nekoliko puta,

she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it.

vidjet će da je njena učenica ispisala kôd, a potom ga izbrisala.

She tried, she came close,

Pokušala je, bila je blizu,

but she didn't get it exactly right.

ali nije u potpunosti sve izvela kako treba.

Instead of showing the progress that she made,

Umjesto da pokaže svoj ostvareni napredak,

she'd rather show nothing at all.

radije neće ništa pokazati.

Perfection or bust.

Savršenstvo ili ništa.

It turns out that our girls are really good at coding,

Ispostavilo se da su naše djevojke zaista dobre u programiranju,

but it's not enough just to teach them to code.

ali nije dovoljno samo ih tome podučavati.

My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia

Moj prijatelj Lev Brie, profesor na sveučilištu Columbia,

and teaches intro to Java

koji predaje uvod u Javascipt,

tells me about his office hours with computer science students.

priča mi o svojim studentima računalnih znanosti.

When the guys are struggling with an assignment,

Kad se dečki muče sa zadatkom,

doći će i reći:

they'll come in and they'll say,

"Profesore, nešto nije u redu s mojim kôdom."

"Professor, there's something wrong with my code."

The girls will come in and say,

Djevojke će doći i reći:

"Professor, there's something wrong with me."

"Profesore, nešto nije u redu sa mnom."

We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection,

Moramo se početi rješavati društvenog nametanja savršenstva,

but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood

ali moramo to kombinirati s izgradnjom sestrinstva,

that lets girls know that they are not alone.

koje bi djevojkama dalo do znanja da nisu same.

Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system.

Jer više vrijednog rada neće popraviti nefunkcionalan sustav.

I can't tell you how many women tell me,

Ne mogu vam opisati koliko žena mi kaže:

"I'm afraid to raise my hand,

"Strah me je podići ruku,

I'm afraid to ask a question,

strah me je postaviti pitanje,

because I don't want to be the only one

jer ne želim biti jedina

who doesn't understand,

koja ne razumije,

the only one who is struggling.

jedina koja se muči."

When we teach girls to be brave

Učeći djevojke da budu hrabre,

and we have a supportive network cheering them on,

uz mrežu podrške koja ih bodri,

they will build incredible things,

one će izgraditi nevjerojatne stvari

and I see this every day.

i ja sam svjedok tome svakodnevno.

Take, for instance, two of our high school students

Na primjer, dvije naše srednjoškolke

who built a game called Tampon Run --

napravile su igricu Utrka tampona,

yes, Tampon Run --

da, Utrka tampona,

to fight against the menstruation taboo

kako bi se borile protiv tabua o menstruaciji

and sexism in gaming.

i seksizma u industriji video igara.

Or the Syrian refugee

Ili sirijsku izbjeglicu,

who dared show her love for her new country

koja se odvažila pokazati ljubav prema svojoj novoj zemlji,

by building an app to help Americans get to the polls.

napravivši aplikaciju koja pomaže Amerikancima da stignu do izbornih mjesta.

Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm

Ili 16-ogodišnjakinja koja je napravila algoritam

to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant

koji pomaže u otkrivanju je li rak benigni ili maligni,

in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life

pokušavajući tako spasiti život svom ocu,

because he has cancer.

jer on boluje od raka.

These are just three examples of thousands,

Ovo su samo tri primjera od njih tisuće,

thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect,

na tisuće djevojaka koje prihvaćaju svoju nesavršenost,

who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance.

koje su naučile truditi se, koje su naučile ustrajati.

And whether they become coders

I bilo da će postati programerke,

or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé,

sljedeća Hillary Clinton ili Beyoncé,

they will not defer their dreams.

neće se odreći svojih snova.

And those dreams have never been more important for our country.

A ti snovi nikad prije nisu bili ovoliko važni za našu zemlju.

For the American economy, for any economy to grow,

Za američku ekonomiju, za ekonomski rast,

to truly innovate,

za istinske inovacije,

we cannot leave behind half our population.

ne možemo izostaviti polovinu naše populacije.

We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection,

Moramo socijalizirati naše djevojke da prihvate svoju nesavršenost,

and we've got to do it now.

i moramo to učiniti odmah.

We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did

Ne možemo čekati da nauče biti hrabre, poput mene

when I was 33 years old.

u 33. godini.

We have to teach them to be brave in schools

Moramo ih naučiti da budu hrabre u školama

and early in their careers,

i na početku svojih karijera,

when it has the most potential to impact their lives

kada to najviše može utjecati na njihov život

and the lives of others,

i živote drugih,

and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted

te im moramo pokazati da će biti voljene i prihvaćene,

not for being perfect

ne zato što su savršene,

but for being courageous.

već zato što su hrabre.

And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know --

Zato želim da svatko od vas kaže svakoj mladoj ženi koju poznaje -

your sister, your niece, your employee, your colleague --

vašoj sestri, vašoj nećakinji, vašoj radnici, vašoj kolegici -

to be comfortable with imperfection,

da prihvati svoju nesavršenost,

because when we teach girls to be imperfect,

jer kad učimo djevojke da budu nesavršene,

and we help them leverage it,

i pomognemo im da to koriste kao prednost,

we will build a movement of young women who are brave

napravit ćemo pokret mladih žena koje su hrabre

and who will build a better world for themselves

i koje će graditi bolji svijet za sebe

and for each and every one of us.

i za svakog od nas.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you.

Hvala.

Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you.

Chris Anderson: Reshma, hvala ti.

It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision.

Imaš tako moćnu viziju. Ti imaš viziju.

Tell me how it's going.

Reci mi, kako ti ide.

How many girls are involved now in your program?

Koliko je djevojaka sada u tvom programu?

Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls.

Reshma Saujani: Da. 2012. podučavali smo 20 djevojaka.

This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states.

Ove godine ćemo podučavati njih 40,000 u svih 50 država.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And that number is really powerful,

A ta brojka je uistinu moćna,

because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science.

jer je prošle godine svega 7,500 žena diplomiralo računalne znanosti.

Like, the problem is so bad

Znate, problem je toliko velik

that we can make that type of change quickly.

da tu brzo možemo nešto promijeniti.

CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even,

CA: Ti i surađuješ s nekim kompanijama koje su danas ovdje,

who are welcoming graduates from your program?

koje očekuju diplomantice s tvog programa?

RS: Da, imamo oko 80 partnera,

RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners,

from Twitter to Facebook

od Twittera do Facebooka,

to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney,

Adobea, IBM-a, Microsofta, Pixara, Disneya,

I mean, every single company out there.

mislim, skoro svaka kompanija.

And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you,

A ako niste prijavljeni, pronaći ću vas,

jer želimo da svaka tehnološka kompanija

because we need every single tech company

to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office.

uključi Girls Who Code u svoj ured.

CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies

CA: Imaš i neke priče iz ovih kompanija,

da kada su podjednako zastupljeni svi spolovi

that when you mix in more gender balance

in the engineering teams, good things happen.

u inženjerskim timovima, dešavaju se dobre stvari.

RS: Great things happen.

RS: Dešavaju se odlične stvari.

I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact

Smatram da je suludo kada razmislite o činjenici

that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women.

da trenutno 85 posto svih potrošačkih kupovina obavljaju žene.

Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men.

Žene koriste društvene medije 600 posto češće od muškaraca.

We own the Internet,

Mi posjedujemo internet

and we should be building the companies of tomorrow.

i trebale bismo graditi tvrtke budućnosti.

And I think when companies have diverse teams,

I smatram da kada tvrtke imaju raznolike timove

and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams,

i kad imaju nevjerojatne žene kao dio svojih inženjerskih timova,

they build awesome things, and we see it every day.

stvaraju odlične stvari, čemu svjedočimo svakodnevno.

CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work.

CA: Reshma, vidjela si reakciju ovdje. Radiš neizmjerno važan posao.

This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you.

Cijela ova zajednica navija za tebe. Daje ti snagu. Hvala ti.

RS: Thank you.

RS: Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)