John Searle: Our shared condition -- consciousness

Prevodilac: Maja Budišin Lukin Lektor: Ivana Korom

I'm going to talk about consciousness.

Govoriću o svesti.

Why consciousness?

Zašto o svesti?

Well, it's a curiously neglected subject,

Zato što je čudno zanemarena

both in our scientific and our philosophical culture.

i u našoj naučnoj i u filozofskoj kulturi.

Now why is that curious?

Zašto je to čudno?

Well, it is the most important aspect of our lives

Zato što je to najvažniji aspekt naših života

for a very simple, logical reason,

iz vrlo jednostavnog, logičnog razloga,

namely, it's a necessary condition on anything

naime, neophodan uslov

being important in our lives that we're conscious.

da nešto bude značajno u našim životima, je da smo svesni.

You care about science, philosophy, music, art, whatever --

Stalo vam je do nauke, filozofije, muzike, umetnosti, čega god -

it's no good if you're a zombie or in a coma, right?

a ne vredi ako ste zombi ili u komi, zar ne?

So consciousness is number one.

Tako je svest na prvom mestu.

The second reason is that when people do

Drugi razlog je da i kada se ljudi

get interested in it, as I think they should,

zaista zaineresuju za nju, kako mislim da bi trebalo,

they tend to say the most appalling things.

obično govore najgore stvari.

And then, even when they're not saying appalling things

Čak i kada ne govore najgore stvari

and they're really trying to do serious research,

i kada zaista ozbiljno istražuju pa, tada je to sporo.

Progres je spor.

well, it's been slow. Progress has been slow.

When I first got interested in this, I thought, well,

Kada sam se prvi put zainteresovao za svest, pomislio sam

it's a straightforward problem in biology.

da je to jasan problem biologije.

Let's get these brain stabbers to get busy and figure out

Hajde da uposlimo te napadače mozga da odgonetnu

how it works in the brain.

kako to funkcioniše u mozgu.

So I went over to UCSF and I talked to all

Tako sam otišao na kalifornijski fakultet i razgovarao sa svim

the heavy-duty neurobiologists there,

and they showed some impatience,

velikim neurobiolozima tamo

i bili su pomalo nestrpljivi

as scientists often do when you ask them embarrassing questions.

kao što često znaju biti naučnici kada im postavljaš nezgodna pitanja.

But the thing that struck me is, one guy said in exasperation,

Šokiralo me je šta je jedan od njih, čuven neurobiolog,

a very famous neurobiologist, he said, "Look,

u rastrojstvu rekao: "Gledaj,

in my discipline it's okay to be interested in consciousness,

u mojoj struci je u redu biti zainteresovan za svest

but get tenure first. Get tenure first."

ali prvo postani redovan profesor. To je prvo."

Now I've been working on this for a long time.

Pa sad, na ovome radim veoma dugo.

I think now you might actually get tenure

Mislim da sada možete postati redovan profesor

by working on consciousness.

radeći na svesti.

If so, that's a real step forward.

Ako je tako, to je pravi korak napred.

Okay, now why then is this curious reluctance

Dobro, a otkuda onda to čudno opiranje

and curious hostility to consciousness?

i čudna odbojnost prema svesti?

Well, I think it's a combination of two features

Pa, mislim da je to kombinacija dve osobine

of our intellectual culture

naše intelektualne kulture

that like to think they're opposing each other

koje vole da misle da oponiraju jedne drugima,

but in fact they share a common set of assumptions.

a u stvari dele isti niz pretpostavki.

One feature is the tradition of religious dualism:

Jedna osobina je tradicija religioznog dualizma:

Consciousness is not a part of the physical world.

svest nije deo fizičkog sveta.

It's a part of the spiritual world.

Ona je deo duhovnog sveta.

It belongs to the soul,

Pripada duši,

and the soul is not a part of the physical world.

a duša nije deo fizičkog sveta.

That's the tradition of God, the soul and immortality.

To je tradicija boga, duše i besmrtnosti.

There's another tradition that thinks it's opposed to this

Postoji još jedna tradicija koja sebe smatra suprotnom toj

but accepts the worst assumption.

ali prihvata najgoru pretpostavku.

That tradition thinks that we are heavy-duty scientific materialists:

Ta tradicija misli da smo mi veliki naučni materijalisti:

Consciousness is not a part of the physical world.

svest nije deo fizičkog sveta.

Either it doesn't exist at all, or it's something else,

Ili uopšte ne postoji ili je nešto drugo,

a computer program or some damn fool thing,

računarski program ili neka budalaština,

but in any case it's not part of science.

ali u svakom slučaju nije deo nauke.

And I used to get in an argument that really gave me a stomachache.

I obično sam dobijao argument od kojeg me je boleo stomak.

Here's how it went.

Evo kako je glasio.

Science is objective, consciousness is subjective,

Nauka je objektivna, svest je subjektivna,

therefore there cannot be a science of consciousness.

pa zato ne može postojati nauka o svesti.

Okay, so these twin traditions are paralyzing us.

Zato nas te tradicije bliznakinje parališu.

It's very hard to get out of these twin traditions.

Veoma je teško izaći iz tih bliskih tradicija.

And I have only one real message in this lecture,

Imam samo jednu pravu poruku u ovom predavanju,

and that is, consciousness is a biological phenomenon

a to je da je svest biološki fenomen

like photosynthesis, digestion, mitosis --

kao što su fotosinteza, varenje, mitoze -

you know all the biological phenomena -- and once you accept that,

znate sve biološke fenomene - i jednom kada to prihvatite,

most, though not all, of the hard problems

većina iako ne i svi najveći problemi

about consciousness simply evaporate.

o svesti jednostavno nestanu.

And I'm going to go through some of them.

Pomenuću neke od njih.

Okay, now I promised you to tell you some

Obećao sam da ću vam reći neke

of the outrageous things said about consciousness.

od nečuvenih stvari izrečenih o svesti.

One: Consciousness does not exist.

Prva: svest ne postoji.

It's an illusion, like sunsets.

To je iluzija, kao zalasci sunca.

Science has shown sunsets and rainbows are illusions.

Nauka je dokazala da su zalasci sunca i duge iluzije.

So consciousness is an illusion.

Tako je svest iluzija.

Two: Well, maybe it exists, but it's really something else.

Druga: možda postoji, ali je stvarno nešto drugo.

It's a computer program running in the brain.

To je kompjuterski program koji se odvija u mozgu.

Three: No, the only thing that exists is really behavior.

Treće: ne, jedino što stvarno postoji je ponašanje.

It's embarrassing how influential behaviorism was,

Posramljujuće je koliko je bihejviorizam bio uticajan

but I'll get back to that.

ali na to ću se vratiti.

And four: Maybe consciousness exists,

I četvrto: možda svest postoji

but it can't make any difference to the world.

ali to i tako ne menja ništa na svetu.

Kako bi duhovnost mogla da pokrene bilo šta?

How could spirituality move anything?

Now, whenever somebody tells me that, I think,

Kad god mi neko to kaže, pomislim:

you want to see spirituality move something?

"Želite li da vidite kako duhovnost nešto pokreće?

Gledajte. Svesno sam odlučio da podignem svoju ruku

Watch. I decide consciously to raise my arm,

and the damn thing goes up. (Laughter)

i ta prokleta stvar se podiže." (Smeh)

Furthermore, notice this:

Osim toga, оbratite pažnju na ovo:

We do not say, "Well, it's a bit like the weather in Geneva.

ne kažemo: "To je kao vreme u Ženevi.

Some days it goes up and some days it doesn't go up."

Nekim danima se diže, a nekim ne."

No. It goes up whenever I damn well want it to.

Ne. Podiže se kad god ja to prokleto zaželim.

Okay. I'm going to tell you how that's possible.

U redu. Reći ću vam kako je to moguće.

Još vam nisam dao definiciju.

Now, I haven't yet given you a definition.

You can't do this if you don't give a definition.

Ne možete to raditi bez definicije.

People always say consciousness is very hard to define.

Ljudi uvek kažu kako je svest vrlo teško definisati.

I think it's rather easy to define

Mislim da je prilično lako definisati

if you're not trying to give a scientific definition.

ako ne pokušavate da date naučnu definiciju.

We're not ready for a scientific definition,

Nismo spremni za naučnu definiciju,

but here's a common-sense definition.

ali evo vam definicije zdravog razuma.

Consciousness consists of all those states of feeling

Svest se sastoji od svih stanja osećanja

or sentience or awareness.

ili oseta ili budnosti.

It begins in the morning when you wake up from a dreamless sleep,

Počinje ujutru kada se probudite iz sna bez snova,

and it goes on all day until you fall asleep

i odvija se tokom celog dana sve dok ne zaspite,

or die or otherwise become unconscious.

ne umrete ili na drugi način ne ostanete bez svesti.

Dreams are a form of consciousness on this definition.

Snovi su deo svesti tako definisane.

Now, that's the common-sense definition. That's our target.

To je sad definicija zdravog razuma. To je naš cilj.

If you're not talking about that, you're not talking about consciousness.

Ako ne govorite o tome, ne govorite o svesti.

But they think, "Well, if that's it, that's an awful problem.

Ali oni misle: "Ako je tako, to je strašan problem.

How can such a thing exist as part of the real world?"

Kako tako nešto postoji kao deo stvarnog sveta?"

And this, if you've ever had a philosophy course,

Ako ste ikad učili filozofiju,

this is known as the famous mind-body problem.

ovo je poznato kao problem uma i tela.

I think that has a simple solution too. I'm going to give it to you.

Mislim da i to ima jednostavno rešenje. Izneću vam ga.

And here it is: All of our conscious states, without exception,

Evo ga: sva naša svesna stanja, bez izuzetka

are caused by lower-level neurobiological processes in the brain,

su izazvana nižim neurobiološkim procesima u mozgu

and they are realized in the brain

i ostvaruju se u mozgu

as higher-level or system features.

kao višem nivou ili svojstvima sistema.

It's about as mysterious as the liquidity of water.

To je mistično skoro kao i tečno stanje vode.

Right? The liquidity is not an extra juice squirted out

Je l' tako? Tečnost nije neki poseban sok

by the H2O molecules.

koji molekuli H2O cede.

It's a condition that the system is in.

To je stanje u kojem je sistem.

And just as the jar full of water can go from liquid to solid

Kao što bokal vode može preći iz tečnog u čvrsto stanje

depending on the behavior of the molecules,

u zavisnosti od ponašanja molekula,

tako i vaš mozak može preći iz stanja svesti

so your brain can go from a state of being conscious

to a state of being unconscious,

u stanje bez svesti

depending on the behavior of the molecules.

u zavisnosti od ponašanja molekula.

The famous mind-body problem is that simple.

Poznati problem uma i tela je jednostavan.

All right? But now we get into some harder questions.

Je l' da? Ali sada stižemo do težih pitanja.

Let's specify the exact features of consciousness,

Navedimo tačne karakteristike svesti,

so that we can then answer those four objections

pa da možemo odgovoriti na ona četiri prigovora

that I made to it.

koje sam naveo.

Well, the first feature is, it's real and irreducible.

Prva karakteristika je da je stvarna i neizbežna.

You can't get rid of it.

Ne možete da je se oslobodite.

You see, the distinction between reality and illusion

Vidite, razlika između stvarnosti i iluzije

is the distinction between how things

je u tome kako nam se stvari

consciously seem to us and how they really are.

svesno čine i kakve su one u stvarnosti.

It consciously seems like there's --

Svesno izgleda kao da je -

I like the French "arc-en-ciel" —

sviđa mi se francuski izraz za dugu "arc-en-ciel"-

it seems like there's an arch in the sky,

čini se kao da je luk na nebu,

or it seems like the sun is setting over the mountains.

ili izgleda kao da sunce zalazi iza planina.

It consciously seems to us, but that's not really happening.

Svesno nam se čini, ali to se u stvari ne dešava.

But for that distinction between

Ali s tom razlikom

how things consciously seem and how they really are,

kako se stvari svesno čine i kakve stvarno jesu,

you can't make that distinction for the very existence of consciousness,

ne možete dati razliku u vezi sa postojanjem same svesti,

because where the very existence of consciousness is concerned,

jer kada je postojanje svesti u pitanju

if it consciously seems to you that you are conscious,

ako vam se svesno čini da ste svesni,

you are conscious.

tada jeste svesni.

I mean, if a bunch of experts come to me and say,

Mislim, ako mi gomila stručnjaka kaže:

"We are heavy-duty neurobiologists and we've done a study

"Mi smo veliki neurobiolozi i napravili smo studiju

o vama, Serl, i ubeđeni smo da niste svesni

of you, Searle, and we're convinced you are not conscious,

you are a very cleverly constructed robot,"

već da ste vrlo pametno konstruisan robot",

ja ne pomislim: "Možda su ovi ljudi u pravu, razumete?"

I don't think, "Well, maybe these guys are right, you know?"

I don't think that for a moment, because, I mean,

Ne pomislim to ni za sekundu,

Descartes may have made a lot of mistakes, but he was right about this.

jer Dekart je možda mnogo grešio, ali je bio u pravu o tome.

You cannot doubt the existence of your own consciousness.

Ne možete sumnjati u postojanje sopstvene svesti.

Okay, that's the first feature of consciousness.

Dobro, to je prva karakteristika svesti.

Ona je realna i neizbežna.

It's real and irreducible.

You cannot get rid of it by showing that it's an illusion

Ne možete da je se oslobodite prikazujući je iluzijom

in a way that you can with other standard illusions.

na način na koji to činite sa drugim iluzijama.

Okay, the second feature is this one

Dobro, druga karakteristika nam je

that has been such a source of trouble to us,

pravila tolike probleme,

and that is, all of our conscious states

a to je da sva naša svesna stanja

have this qualitative character to them.

imaju svoj kvalitativni karakter.

There's something that it feels like to drink beer

Postoji nešto što se oseća kao da pijete pivo

which is not what it feels like to do your income tax

što nije isti osećaj kao pri plaćanju poreza

or listen to music, and this qualitative feel

ili pri slušanju muzike i taj kvalitativni osećaj

automatically generates a third feature,

automatski proizvodi treću karakteristiku

namely, conscious states are by definition subjective

naime, svesna stanja su po definiciji subjektivna

in the sense that they only exist as experienced

u smislu da postoje jedino kroz iskustvo

by some human or animal subject,

koje je doživeo neki čovek ili životinja,

some self that experiences them.

neko biće koje ih je doživelo.

Maybe we'll be able to build a conscious machine.

Možda ćemo moći da napravimo svesnu mašinu.

Since we don't know how our brains do it,

S obzirom da ne znamo kako naš mozak to radi,

we're not in a position, so far, to build a conscious machine.

nismo još u poziciji da napravimo svesnu mašinu.

Okay. Another feature of consciousness

Dobro, sledeća karakteristika svesti

is that it comes in unified conscious fields.

jeste njeno pojavljivanje u objedinjenim svesnim poljima.

So I don't just have the sight of the people in front of me

Tako ja nemam samo uvid u ljude ispred mene

and the sound of my voice and the weight of my shoes

i u zvuk svog glasa i u težinu mojih cipela

against the floor, but they occur to me

u odnosu na pod, već mi se to pojavljuje

as part of one single great conscious field

kao deo jedinstvenog velikog svesnog polja

that stretches forward and backward.

koje se proteže napred i nazad.

That is the key to understanding

To je ključ razumevanja

the enormous power of consciousness.

ogromne snage svesnog stanja.

And we have not been able to do that in a robot.

I to nismo u mogućnosti da stvorimo u robotu.

The disappointment of robotics derives from the fact

Razočarenje u robote proizlazi iz činjenice

that we don't know how to make a conscious robot,

da ne znamo kako da napravimo svesnog robota,

so we don't have a machine that can do this kind of thing.

pa nemamo mašinu koja bi to mogla da uradi.

Okay, the next feature of consciousness,

Sledeća osobina svesti

after this marvelous unified conscious field,

posle ovog veličanstvenog objedinjenog polja svesti,

is that it functions causally in our behavior.

jeste njena uzročna funkcija u našem ponašanju.

I gave you a scientific demonstration by raising my hand,

Dao sam vam naučnu demonstraciju dizanjem ruke,

but how is that possible?

ali kako je to moguće?

How can it be that this thought in my brain

Kako je moguće da ta pomisao u mom mozgu

can move material objects?

može da pomera materijalne objekte?

Well, I'll tell you the answer.

Odgovoriću vam.

I mean, we don't know the detailed answer,

Ne znamo detaljno da odgovorimo

but we know the basic part of the answer, and that is,

ali znamo osnovni deo odgovora, a to je

there is a sequence of neuron firings,

postoji niz neuronskih nadražaja

and they terminate where the acetylcholine

koji završavaju tamo gde se acetilholin

is secreted at the axon end-plates of the motor neurons.

luči na neuromotornoj ploči.

Sorry to use philosophical terminology here,

Oprostite što se koristim filozofskom terminologijom ovde,

but when it's secreted at the axon end-plates of the motor neurons,

ali kada se izlučuje na neuromotornoj ploči,

a whole lot of wonderful things happen in the ion channels

mnogo lepih stvari se dešava u jonskim kanalima

and the damned arm goes up.

i prokleta ruka se diže.

Now, think of what I told you.

Razmislite o tome što sam rekao.

One and the same event,

Jedan isti događaj,

my conscious decision to raise my arm

moja svesna odluka da podignem ruku

has a level of description where it has all of these

ima nivo opisa pri kojem ima sve ove

touchy-feely spiritual qualities.

osećajne duhovne kvalitete.

It's a thought in my brain, but at the same time,

To je misao u mom mozgu, ali u isto vreme

it's busy secreting acetylcholine

je on zauzet izlučivanjem acetilholina

and doing all sorts of other things

i radi razne druge stvari

probijajući se iz motornog korteksa

as it makes its way from the motor cortex

down through the nerve fibers in the arm.

dole preko nervnih vlakana u ruci.

Now, what that tells us is that our traditional vocabularies

To nam govori da je naš tradicionalni rečnik

for discussing these issues are totally obsolete.

pri raspravi o tim temama sasvim zastareo.

One and the same event has a level of description

Jedan isti događaj ima nivo opisa

where it's neurobiological, and another level of description

koji je neurobiološki i drugi nivo opisa

where it's mental, and that's a single event,

koji je mentalni, a radi se o istom događaju

and that's how nature works. That's how it's possible

i tako priroda funkcioniše.

Tako je moguće da svest funkcioniše uzročno.

for consciousness to function causally.

Okay, now with that in mind,

Imajući to na umu

with going through these various features of consciousness,

i prolazeći kroz sve različite karakteristike svesti,

let's go back and answer some of those early objections.

vratimo se da bismo odgovorili na neke od ranijih prigovora.

Well, the first one I said was, consciousness doesn't exist,

Pa, prvo sam rekao da svest ne postoji, da je to iluzija.

it's an illusion. Well, I've already answered that.

Na to sam već odgovorio.

I don't think we need to worry about that.

Mislim da to ne bi trebalo da nas zabrinjava.

But the second one had an incredible influence,

Ali drugi prigovor ima neverovatan uticaj,

and may still be around, and that is,

i možda još postoji, a to je:

"Well, if consciousness exists, it's really something else.

"Ako svest postoji, to je nešto drugo.

It's really a digital computer program running in your brain

To je zaista digitalni kompjuterski program koji se odvija u vašem mozgu

and that's what we need to do to create consciousness

i da bismo kreirali svest

is get the right program.

treba da imamo pravi program.

Yeah, forget about the hardware. Any hardware will do

I da, zaboravite na hardver.

Bilo koji hardver će poslužiti

provided it's rich enough and stable enough to carry the program."

pod uslovom da je dovoljno bogat i stabilan da izvodi program."

Now, we know that that's wrong.

Znamo da je to pogrešno.

I mean, anybody who's thought about computers at all

Svako ko je razmišljao o kompjuterima uopšte

can see that that's wrong, because computation

može videti da je pogrešno, jer komputacija

is defined as symbol manipulation,

je definisana kao manipulacija simbolima

usually thought of as zeros as ones, but any symbols will do.

o kojoj se obično razmišlja kao o nulama i jedinicama, ali može svaki simbol.

You get an algorithm that you can program

Dobijate algoritam koji možete programirati

in a binary code, and that's the defining trait

u binarnom kodu, a to je definišuća osobina

of the computer program.

kompjuterskog programa.

But we know that that's purely syntactical. That's symbolic.

Ali znamo da je to čisto sintaktičko. To je simbolično.

We know that actual human consciousness has something more than that.

Znamo da prava ljudska svest ima nešto više od toga.

It's got a content in addition to the syntax.

Ima sadržaj osim sintakse.

It's got a semantics.

Ima semantiku.

Now that argument, I made that argument 30 --

To sam tvrdio 30 -

oh my God, I don't want to think about it —

o bože, ne želim da razmišljam o tome -

more than 30 years ago,

but there's a deeper argument implicit in what I've told you,

pre više od 30 godina,

ali postoji dublji argument u tome što sam vam rekao,

and I want to tell you that argument briefly, and that is,

i ukratko ću vam ga reći,

consciousness creates an observer-independent reality.

to je da svest stvara od posmatrača nezavisnu stvarnost.

It creates a reality of money, property, government,

Ona stvara stvarnost novca, vlasništva, vlade,

marriage, CERN conferences,

braka, CERN konferencija,

cocktail parties and summer vacations,

koktel prijema i letnjih odmora

and all of those are creations of consciousness.

i to su sve tvorevine svesti.

Their existence is observer-relative.

Njihovo postojanje je zavisno od posmatrača.

It's only relative to conscious agents that a piece of paper

Samo od činilaca svesti zavisi da je parče papira

is money or that a bunch of buildings is a university.

novac ili gomila zgrada univerzitet.

Now, ask yourself about computation.

Zapitajte se o komputaciji.

Is that absolute, like force and mass and gravitational attraction?

Da li je to apsolutno, kao što je sila i masa i gravitacijska privlačnost?

Or is it observer-relative?

Ili da li je relativno zavisno od posmatrača?

Well, some computations are intrinsic.

Pa, neke komputacije su unutarnje.

I add two plus two to get four.

Saberem 2 plus 2 da dobijem 4.

That's going on no matter what anybody thinks.

To se dešava bez obzira na to šta ko misli.

But when I haul out my pocket calculator

Ali kada izvučem svoj džepni kalkulator

and do the calculation, the only intrinsic phenomenon

koji obavi kalkulaciju, jedini unutarnji fenomen

is the electronic circuit and its behavior.

je električno kolo i njegovo ponašanje.

That's the only absolute phenomenon.

To je jedini apsolutni fenomen.

All the rest is interpreted by us.

Sve ostalo sami tumačimo.

Computation only exists relative to consciousness.

Komputacija postoji samo u odnosu prema svesti.

Either a conscious agent is carrying out the computation,

Ili činilac svesti izvodi komputaciju

or he's got a piece of machinery that admits of a computational interpretation.

ili ima deo mašinerije koja dopušta matematičku interpretaciju.

Now that doesn't mean computation is arbitrary.

To ne znači da je komputacija proizvoljna.

I spent a lot of money on this hardware.

Potrošio sam dosta novca na taj hardver.

But we have this persistent confusion

Ali imamo ovu stalnu zabunu

between objectivity and subjectivity as features of reality

između objektivnosti i subjektivnosti kao svojstava stvarnosti

and objectivity and subjectivity as features of claims.

i objektivnosti i subjektivnosti kao svojstava tvrdnji.

And the bottom line of this part of my talk is this:

I suština ovog dela mog izlaganja je ovo:

You can have a completely objective science,

možete imati potpuno objektivnu nauku,

a science where you make objectively true claims,

nauku s objektivnim tvrdnjama,

about a domain whose existence is subjective,

o domenu čije je postojanje subjektivno,

whose existence is in the human brain

čije postojanje je u ljudskom mozgu

consisting of subjective states of sentience

sastavljeno od subjektivnih stanja oseta

or feeling or awareness.

ili osećanja ili budnosti.

So the objection that you can't have an objective science of consciousness

Zato prigovor da ne možete imati objektivnu nauku o svesti

because it's subjective and science is objective, that's a pun.

jer je ona subjektivna, a nauka je objektivna, jeste igra reči.

That's a bad pun on objectivity and subjectivity.

To je loša igra reči o objektivnosti i subjektivnosti.

You can make objective claims

Možete objektivno tvrditi

about a domain that is subjective in its mode of existence,

o domenu koji je po prirodi subjektivan

and indeed that's what neurologists do.

i to je ono što rade neurobiolozi.

I mean, you have patients that actually suffer pains,

Imate pacijente koji imaju bolove,

and you try to get an objective science of that.

i pokušavate da dobijete objektivnu nauku o tome.

Okay, I promised to refute all these guys,

Obećao sam da ću opovrgnuti tvrdnje tih ljudi,

and I don't have an awful lot of time left,

i nemam previše vremena

but let me refute a couple more of them.

ali dozvolite mi da opovrgnem još par.

I said that behaviorism ought to be

Rekao sam da bi bihejviorizam trebalo da bude

one of the great embarrassments of our intellectual culture,

jedna od velikih sramota naše intelektualne kulture,

because it's refuted the moment you think about it.

jer je odbačen u momentu čim o tome razmišljamo.

Your mental states are identical with your behavior?

Vaša mentalna stanja su identična sa vašim ponašanjem?

Well, think about the distinction between feeling a pain

Pa razmislite o razlici između osećaja bola

and engaging in pain behavior.

i angažovanja u bolnom ponašanju.

I won't demonstrate pain behavior, but I can tell you

Neću demonstrirati bolno ponašanje, ali mogu vam reći

I'm not having any pains right now.

da nemam nikakve bolove sada.

So it's an obvious mistake. Why did they make the mistake?

Dakle to je očigledna greška. Zašto su tako pogrešili?

The mistake was — and you can go back and read

Greška je u tome - i možete se vratiti i pročitati

the literature on this, you can see this over and over —

literaturu o tome, možete to videti svaki put iznova -

they think if you accept the irreducible existence

oni misle da ako prihvatite neizbežno postojanje

of consciousness, you're giving up on science.

svesti, odustajete od nauke.

You're giving up on 300 years of human progress

Odustajete od 300 godina ljudskog progresa

and human hope and all the rest of it.

i ljudske nade i svega ostalog.

And the message I want to leave you with is,

A poruka s kojom vas želim ostaviti

consciousness has to become accepted

je da svest mora postati prihvaćena

as a genuine biological phenomenon,

kao izvorni biološki fenomen

as much subject to scientific analysis

i utoliko predmet naučnih analiza

as any other phenomenon in biology,

kao i bilo koji drugi fenomen u biologiji

or, for that matter, the rest of science.

ili što se toga tiče, u ostatku nauke.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)