Neil MacGregor: 2600 years of history in one object

Prevodilac: Goran Repac Lektor: Mateja Nenadovic

The things we make

Stvari koje pravimo

have one supreme quality --

savršenije su od nas;

they live longer than us.

žive duže od nas.

We perish, they survive;

Mi nestajemo, one opstaju;

we have one life, they have many lives,

mi imamo jedan život, one više njih,

and in each life they can mean different things.

i u svakoj inkarnaciji mogu imati drugačiji značaj.

Which means that, while we all have one biography,

Dakle, dok mi imamo jednu biografiju,

they have many.

one ih imaju više.

I want this morning to talk

Želeo bih ovog jutra da vam

about the story, the biography -- or rather the biographies --

ispričam priču, biografiju, odnosno biografije,

of one particular object,

jednog posebnog objekta,

one remarkable thing.

jedne izvanredne stvari.

It doesn't, I agree,

Složićemo se,

look very much.

ne liči baš na nešto.

It's about the size of a rugby ball.

Veličine je lopte za ragbi.

It's made of clay,

Napravljen je od gline,

and it's been fashioned

Izvajan je

into a cylinder shape,

kao valjak,

covered with close writing

ispisan je gustim tekstom

and then baked dry in the sun.

i onda ispečen na suncu.

And as you can see,

I kao što možete videti,

it's been knocked about a bit,

prilično se ofucao,

which is not surprising

što baš i ne iznenađuje

because it was made two and a half thousand years ago

obzirom da je napravljen pre 2500 godina

and was dug up

i iskopan

in 1879.

1879. godine

But today,

Ali danas je,

this thing is, I believe,

ova stvar, verujem,

a major player

važan činilac

in the politics of the Middle East.

u politici Bliskog istoka.

And it's an object

I taj predmet je

with fascinating stories

pun očaravajućih priča

and stories that are by no means over yet.

kojima se još ne nazire kraj.

The story begins

Priča počinje

in the Iran-Iraq war

Iransko- iračkim ratom,

and that series of events

sledom događaja

that culminated

koji kulminiraju

in the invasion of Iraq

napadom na Irak

by foreign forces,

od strane stranih vojski

the removal of a despotic ruler

uklanjanjem despota

and instant regime change.

i promenom režima preko noći.

And I want to begin

Želeo bih da počnem

with one episode from that sequence of events

jednom epizodom iz tog sleda

that most of you would be very familiar with,

koja vam je većini poznata,

Belshazzar's feast --

Baltazarovom gozbom;

because we're talking about the Iran-Iraq war

jer pričamo o

of 539 BC.

Iransko-iračkom ratu iz 539. pre Hrista

And the parallels

A paralele

between the events

između događaja

of 539 BC and 2003 and in between

iz 539. pre Hrista i 2003.

are startling.

su zapanjujuće.

What you're looking at is Rembrandt's painting,

Vidite Rembrantovo platno,

now in the National Gallery in London,

iz Nacionalne galerije u Londonu,

illustrating the text from the prophet Daniel

koje prikazuje priču

in the Hebrew scriptures.

iz Knjige proroka Danila iz Starog zaveta.

And you all know roughly the story.

U grubim crtama, znate priču.

Belshazzar, the son of Nebuchadnezzar,

Baltazar, sin Nabukodonosora,

Nebuchadnezzar who'd conquered Israel, sacked Jerusalem

onog što je pokorio Judeju,

and captured the people

opljačkao Jerusalim, porobio narod

and taken the Jews back to Babylon.

i odveo Jevreje u vavilonsko ropstvo.

Not only the Jews, he'd taken the temple vessels.

I ne samo ljude, već i posude iz hrama.

He'd ransacked, desecrated the temple.

Opljačkao je i oskrnavio hram.

And the great gold vessels of the temple in Jerusalem

I velike zlatne posude iz jerusalimskog hrama

had been taken to Babylon.

su odnesene u Vavilon.

Belshazzar, his son,

Baltazar, njegov sin,

decides to have a feast.

reši da napravi gozbu.

And in order to make it even more exciting,

I da bi je učinio uzbudljivijom,

he added a bit of sacrilege to the rest of the fun,

dodao je malo blasfemije

and he brings out the temple vessels.

iznoseći gostima hramske posude.

He's already at war with the Iranians,

Već traje rat sa Iranom,

with the king of Persia.

sa persijskim carem.

And that night, Daniel tells us,

I te noći, priča nam Danilo,

at the height of the festivities

na vrhuncu zabave

a hand appeared and wrote on the wall,

pojavljuje se ruka koja na zidu ispisuje:

"You are weighed in the balance and found wanting,

˝ Izmeren si na merila, i našao si se lak,

and your kingdom is handed over

razdeljeno je carstvo tvoje,

to the Medes and the Persians."

i dano Midijanima i Persijanima.˝

And that very night

Iste noći

Cyrus, king of the Persians, entered Babylon

Kir, persijski car, ulazi u Vavilon

and the whole regime of Belshazzar fell.

i Baltazarov režim se ruši.

It is, of course, a great moment

To je, naravno,

in the history

važan trenutak u istoriji

of the Jewish people.

Jevrejskog naroda.

It's a great story. It's story we all know.

Sjajna priča. Priča koju svi znamo.

"The writing on the wall"

˝Tako nam je zapisano˝

is part of our everyday language.

je svakodnevna fraza.

What happened next

Šta biva dalje

was remarkable,

je značajno,

and it's where our cylinder

i tu naš valjak

enters the story.

ulazi u priču.

Cyrus, king of the Persians,

Kir, persijski car,

has entered Babylon without a fight --

osvojio je Vavilon bez borbe,

the great empire of Babylon,

veliko vavilonsko carstvo,

which ran from central southern Iraq

koje se protezalo od južnog Iraka

to the Mediterranean,

do Mediterana,

falls to Cyrus.

pada pred Kirom.

And Cyrus makes a declaration.

I Kir izdaje proglas.

And that is what this cylinder is,

To je u stvari valjak,

the declaration made by the ruler guided by God

proglas vladara, vođenog božijom rukom

who had toppled the Iraqi despot

koji je srušio iračkog despota

and was going to bring freedom to the people.

i doneo slobodu narodu.

In ringing Babylonian --

Na pompeznom vavilonskom,

it was written in Babylonian --

napisan je na vavilonskom,

he says, "I am Cyrus, king of all the universe,

kaže: ˝Ja sam Kir, gospodar vaseljene,

the great king, the powerful king,

veliki i moćan kralj,

king of Babylon, king of the four quarters of the world."

kralj Vavilona, vladar četiri strane sveta.˝

They're not shy of hyperbole as you can see.

Preterivanje im nije bilo strano, kao što vidite.

This is probably

Ovo je verovatno

the first real press release

prva prava izjava za štampu

by a victorious army

pobedničke vojske

that we've got.

koju posedujemo.

And it's written, as we'll see in due course,

I napisali su je, kao što ćemo videti,

by very skilled P.R. consultants.

vrlo talentovani stručnjaci za marketing.

So the hyperbole is not actually surprising.

Tako da preterivanje i ne treba da iznenadi.

And what is the great king, the powerful king,

I šta će to veliki, moćni kralj,

the king of the four quarters of the world going to do?

vladar četiri strane sveta da uradi?

He goes on to say that, having conquered Babylon,

Objavljuje da će, pokorivši Vavilon,

he will at once let all the peoples

smesta, svi narodi koje su vavilonci,

that the Babylonians -- Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar --

Nabukodonosor i Baltazar,

have captured and enslaved

pokorili i porobili

go free.

postati slobodni.

He'll let them return to their countries.

Dozvoliće im povratak u domovinu.

And more important,

I još važnije,

he will let them all recover

dozvoliće im da preuzmu

the gods, the statues,

bogove, statue,

the temple vessels

hramske posude

that had been confiscated.

koje su im bile oduzete.

All the peoples that the Babylonians had repressed and removed

Svi narodi koje su vavilonci tlačili

will go home,

i preseljavali, se vraćaju kući,

and they'll take with them their gods.

i nose sa sobom svoje bogove.

And they'll be able to restore their altars

Moći će da obnove svoje oltare

and to worship their gods

da se mole svojim bogovima

in their own way, in their own place.

na svoj način, u svojim hramovima.

This is the decree,

Ovo je onaj dekret,

this object is the evidence

ovo je taj dokaz

for the fact that the Jews,

za to da su Jevreji,

after the exile in Babylon,

nakon vavilonskog ropstva,

the years they'd spent sitting by the waters of Babylon,

godina provedenih pored vavilonskih reka

weeping when they remembered Jerusalem,

lijući suze za Jerusalimom,

those Jews were allowed to go home.

ti Jevreji su pušteni da se vrate kući.

They were allowed to return to Jerusalem

Dozvoljeno im je da se vrate u Jerusalim

and to rebuild the temple.

i obnove hram.

It's a central document

To je ključni dokument

in Jewish history.

jevrejske istorije.

And the Book of Chronicles, the Book of Ezra in the Hebrew scriptures

I Knjige dnevnika i Jezdra u Starom zavetu

reported in ringing terms.

su nas izvestile o njemu.

This is the Jewish version

Ovo je jevrejska verzija

of the same story.

iste priče.

"Thus said Cyrus, king of Persia,

˝Ovako veli Kir, car persijski:

'All the kingdoms of the earth have the Lord God of heaven given thee,

Sva carstva zemaljska dao mi je Gospod Bog nebeski,

and he has charged me

On mi je zapovedio

to build him a house in Jerusalem.

da Mu sazidam dom u Jerusalimu u Judeji.

Who is there among you of his people?

Ko je između vas od svega naroda Njegovog?

The Lord God be with him,

Bog nebeski neka bude s njim,

and let him go up.'"

pa nek ide (gore) u Jerusalim u Judeji.˝

"Go up" -- aaleh.

˝...nek ide gore...˝ -- aaleh

The central element, still,

Još uvek središnja tema

of the notion of return,

predstave o povratku,

a central part

centralni deo

of the life of Judaism.

života Judaizma.

As you all know, that return from exile,

Kao što znate, povratak iz izgnanstva,

the second temple,

drugi hram,

reshaped Judaism.

preoblikuje veru.

And that change,

Tu promenu,

that great historic moment,

taj važan istorijski trenutak,

was made possible by Cyrus, the king of Persia,

je učinio Kir, persijski car,

reported for us in Hebrew in scripture

što nas izveštavaju svete knjige na hebrejskom

and in Babylonian in clay.

i ispis na vavilonskom u glini.

Two great texts,

Dva značajna teksta,

what about the politics?

a šta sa politikom?

What was going on

Šta se događalo je da je

was the fundamental shift in Middle Eastern history.

to bio korenit pomak u istoriji Bliskog istoka.

The empire of Iran, the Medes and the Persians,

Imperije na teritoriji Irana,

united under Cyrus,

Medija i Persija, ujedinjene pod Kirom,

became the first great world empire.

postaju prva velika svetska imperija.

Cyrus begins in the 530s BC.

Kir započinje, 530-ih pre Hrista

And by the time of his son Darius,

da bi za vladavine njegovog sina Darija,

the whole of the eastern Mediterranean

ceo istočni Mediteran

is under Persian control.

bio pod persijskom vlašću.

This empire is, in fact,

Imperija je, de fakto,

the Middle East as we now know it,

Bliski istok kakvim ga danas znamo,

and it's what shapes the Middle East as we now know it.

i ona mu daje današnji oblik.

It was the largest empire the world had known until then.

To je bila najveća imperija

Much more important,

koju je svet do tada video, i važnije,

it was the first

to je prva

multicultural, multifaith state

multikulturalna i multiverska država

on a huge scale.

velikih razmera.

And it had to be run in a quite new way.

I moralo se upravljati na novi način.

It had to be run in different languages.

Moralo se upravljati na više jezika.

The fact that this decree is in Babylonian says one thing.

To što je ovaj dekret na vavilonskom nam dosta govori.

And it had to recognize their different habits,

Morale su se priznati drugačije navike,

different peoples, different religions, different faiths.

drugačiji narodi, religije, drugačija verovanja.

All of those are respected by Cyrus.

Sve njih Kir poštuje.

Cyrus sets up a model

Kir postavlja model

of how you run

kako upravljati

a great multinational, multifaith, multicultural society.

velikim multinacionalnim, verskim i kulturalnim društvom.

And the result of that

Rezutat toga beše imperija

was an empire that included the areas you see on the screen,

koja je obuhvatala regije koje vidite na ekranu,

and which survived for 200 years of stability

koja se održala 200 stabilnih godina

until it was shattered by Alexander.

dok ju nije razbio Aleksandar Makedonski.

It left a dream of the Middle East as a unit,

Ostavila je san o Bliskom istoku,

and a unit where people of different faiths

kao celini gde ljudi

could live together.

različitih vera mogu živeti zajedno.

The Greek invasions ended that.

Grčka invazija je to okončala.

And of course, Alexander couldn't sustain a government

Naravno, Aleksandar nije mogao da održi vlast

and it fragmented.

i imperija se raspala.

But what Cyrus represented

Ali ono što je Kir predstavljao

remained absolutely central.

ostaje jako bitno.

The Greek historian Xenophon

Grčki istoričar Ksenofont

wrote his book "Cyropaedia"

je napisao knjigu ˝Kirovo vaspitanje˝

promoting Cyrus as the great ruler.

gde prikazuje Kira kao velikog vladara.

And throughout European culture afterward,

I kasnije kroz istoriju evropske kulture,

Cyrus remained the model.

Kir ostaje primer.

This is a 16th century image

Ovo je slika iz 16-og veka

to show you how widespread

samo da vam pokažem

his veneration actually was.

koliko je bio poštovan.

And Xenophon's book on Cyrus

Ksenofontova knjiga

on how you ran a diverse society

o tome kako upravljati raznolim društvom

was one of the great textbooks

bila je odličan udžbenik

that inspired the Founding Fathers

osnivačima nacije

of the American Revolution.

u američkoj revoluciji.

Jefferson was a great admirer --

Džeferson je bio veliki poštovalac,

the ideals of Cyrus

Kirovi ideali

obviously speaking to those 18th century ideals

utiču na ideale 18-og veka

of how you create religious tolerance

o uspostavljanju

in a new state.

verske tolerancije u novoj državi.

Meanwhile, back in Babylon,

Za to vreme, u Vavilonu,

things had not been going well.

stvari ne idu baš dobro.

After Alexander, the other empires,

Nakon Aleksandra, i sledećih imperija,

Babylon declines, falls into ruins,

Vavilon slabi, urušava se,

and all the traces of the great Babylonian empire are lost --

i svi tragovi velikog vavilonskog carstva se gube,

until 1879

do 1879.

when the cylinder is discovered

kada valjak otkriva

by a British Museum exhibition digging in Babylon.

ekspedicija Britanskog muzeja kopajući u Vavilonu.

And it enters now another story.

Tad počinje svoju sledeću priču.

It enters that great debate

Upada u sred rasprave

in the middle of the 19th century:

iz sredine 19-og veka:

Are the scriptures reliable? Can we trust them?

Da li je Biblija pouzdana? Može li joj se verovati?

We only knew

Bilo nam je poznato samo

about the return of the Jews and the decree of Cyrus

ono o povratku iz ropstva,

from the Hebrew scriptures.

što piše u Starom zavetu.

No other evidence.

Nije bilo drugih dokaza.

Suddenly, this appeared.

Odjednom, ovo.

And great excitement

Nastaje veliko uzbuđenje

to a world where those who believed in the scriptures

među ljudima

had had their faith in creation shaken

kojima je vera uzdrmana

by evolution, by geology,

teorijom evolucije, geologijom;

here was evidence

pojavljuje se dokaz

that the scriptures were historically true.

da je Biblija istorijski tačna.

It's a great 19th century moment.

Značajan trenutak 19-og veka.

But -- and this, of course, is where it becomes complicated --

Ali, sad postaje komplikovano,

the facts were true,

činjenice su tačne,

hurrah for archeology,

ura! za arheologiju,

but the interpretation was rather more complicated.

tumačenje se ispostavlja složenije.

Because the cylinder account and the Hebrew Bible account

Jer se priča sa valjka i priča iz Biblje

differ in one key respect.

razlikuju u jednoj bitnoj stvari.

The Babylonian cylinder

Vavilonski cilindar

is written by the priests

ispisan rukom sveštenika

of the great god of Bablyon, Marduk.

velikog boga Vavilona, Marduka.

And, not surprisingly,

I, ništa čudno,

they tell you that all this was done by Marduk.

kažu nam da je sve Mardukovo delo.

"Marduk, we hold, called Cyrus by his name."

˝Marduk, pozva Kira po imenu˝

Marduk takes Cyrus by the hand,

Marduk uzima Kira pod ruku,

calls him to shepherd his people

poziva ga da bude pastir svom narodu

and gives him the rule of Babylon.

i daje mu vlast nad Vavilonom.

Marduk tells Cyrus

Marduk govori Kiru

that he will do these great, generous things

da će činiti velika, plemenita dela

of setting the people free.

oslobađajući narode.

And this is why we should all be grateful to

I zbog toga svi moramo biti

and worship Marduk.

zahvalni i obožavati Marduka.

The Hebrew writers

Jevrejski pisci

in the Old Testament,

Starog zaveta,

you will not be surprised to learn,

opet ništa čudno,

take a rather different view of this.

gledaju na stvari malo drugačije.

For them, of course, it can't possibly by Marduk

Za njih, naravno,

that made all this happen.

to nikako ne biva Mardukovo delo.

It can only be Jehovah.

To može biti samo Jehova.

And so in Isaiah,

I tako u Isaiji,

we have the wonderful texts

imamo divne pasaže

giving all the credit of this,

gde se sve zasluge pripisuju,

not to Marduk

ne Marduku

but to the Lord God of Israel --

već Gospodu bogu Izrailja,

the Lord God of Israel

bogu Izrailja koji

who also called Cyrus by name,

takođe proziva Kira,

also takes Cyrus by the hand

takođe hvata Kira pod ruku

and talks of him shepherding his people.

i govori mu o vođstvu.

It's a remarkable example

Ovo je odličan primer

of two different priestly appropriations of the same event,

kako dva sveštenstva prisvajaju isti događaj,

two different religious takeovers

dva različita verska

of a political fact.

preuzimanja političkih zasluga.

God, we know,

Bog je, znamo,

is usually on the side of the big battalions.

obično na strani jačeg.

The question is, which god was it?

Pitanje je, koji je bog to bio?

And the debate unsettles

Ta rasprava onespokojava

everybody in the 19th century

svakoga u 19-om veku

to realize that the Hebrew scriptures

ko shvata da je Biblija

are part of a much wider world of religion.

samo deo mnogo šireg sveta duhovnosti.

And it's quite clear

I prilično je jasno

the cylinder is older than the text of Isaiah,

da je valjak stariji od teksta Isaije,

and yet, Jehovah is speaking

a opet, Jehova govori

in words very similar

rečima jako sličnim

to those used by Marduk.

onima koje je koristio Marduk.

And there's a slight sense that Isaiah knows this,

Postoji naznaka da je ovo poznato Isaiji,

because he says,

jer kaže,

this is God speaking, of course,

ovo bog govori, naravno:

"I have called thee by thy name

˝...prozvah te imenom tvojim i prezimenom,

though thou hast not known me."

premda me ne znaš.˝

I think it's recognized

Mislim da priznaje

that Cyrus doesn't realize

da Kir ne shvata

that he's acting under orders from Jehovah.

da mu naređuje Jehova.

And equally, he'd have been surprised that he was acting under orders from Marduk.

Iznenadio bi se i da mu naređuje Marduk.

Because interestingly, of course,

Jer, interesantno,

Cyrus is a good Iranian

Kir je bio Iranac

with a totally different set of gods

sa potpuno drugačijim panteonom bogova

who are not mentioned in any of these texts.

koji se nigde ne pominju.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That's 1879.

To je 1879.

40 years on

40 godina kasnije

and we're in 1917,

nalazimo se u 1917.

and the cylinder enters a different world.

i naš cilindar izranja u drugačiji svet.

This time, the real politics

Real-politika

of the contemporary world --

tadašnjeg sveta,

the year of the Balfour Declaration,

godina Balfurove deklaracije,

the year when the new imperial power in the Middle East, Britain,

godina kada nova imperijalna sila na Bliskom istoku,

decides that it will declare

Britanija, odlučuje da proglasi

a Jewish national home,

domovinu za Jevreje,

it will allow

i dozvoli im

the Jews to return.

povratak.

And the response to this

Jevrejsko stanovništvo

by the Jewish population in Eastern Europe is rhapsodic.

širom istočne Evrope je ushićeno.

And across Eastern Europe,

Širom istočne Evrope,

Jews display pictures of Cyrus

Jevreji ističu slike Kira

and of George V

i Džordža Petog

side by side --

jednog uz drugog;

the two great rulers

dva velika vladara

who have allowed the return to Jerusalem.

koja su im dozvolila povratak u Jerusalim.

And the Cyrus cylinder comes back into public view

Kirov valjak se vraća u žižu javnosti

and the text of this

i njegov tekst

as a demonstration of why what is going to happen

predstavlja dokaz da ono

after the war is over in 1918

što se sprema posle okončanja rata 1918.

is part of a divine plan.

predstavlja deo božijeg plana.

You all know what happened.

Znate šta se desilo.

The state of Israel is setup,

Postavlja se temelj Izraela,

and 50 years later, in the late 60s,

i 50 godina kasnije, kasnih 60-ih,

it's clear that Britain's role as the imperial power is over.

jasno je da je britanska imperijalna moć gotova.

And another story of the cylinder begins.

I nova priča počinje.

The region, the U.K. and the U.S. decide,

Britanija i SAD odlučuju da se

has to be kept safe from communism,

region mora osigurati od komunizma,

and the superpower that will be created to do this

i supersila koju kreiraju za taj zadatak

would be Iran, the Shah.

postaje Iran, šah.

And so the Shah invents an Iranian history,

I tako šah izmišlja iransku istoriju,

or a return to Iranian history,

odnosno, povratak istoriji,

that puts him in the center of a great tradition

postavlja sebe u središte velike tradicije

and produces coins

kuje novac

showing himself

prikazujući sebe

with the Cyrus cylinder.

sa Kirovim valjkom.

When he has his great celebrations in Persepolis,

Kada pravi veliko slavlje u Persepolisu,

he summons the cylinder

traži Kirov valjak

and the cylinder is lent by the British Museum, goes to Tehran,

i Britanski muzej ga pozajmljuje, dospeva u Teheran,

and is part of those great celebrations

i biva deo veličanja

of the Pahlavi dynasty.

dinastije Pahlavi.

Cyrus cylinder: guarantor of the Shah.

Kirov valjak garantuje za šaha.

10 years later, another story:

10 godina kasnije, druga priča:

Iranian Revolution, 1979.

Iranska revolucija, 1979.

Islamic revolution, no more Cyrus;

Islamska revolucija, nema više Kira;

we're not interested in that history,

ne interesuje nas više ta istorija,

we're interested in Islamic Iran --

interesuje nas islamski Iran;

until Iraq,

dok Irak,

the new superpower that we've all decided should be in the region,

nova supersila koju smo postavili u region,

attacks.

napada.

Then another Iran-Iraq war.

A onda novi Iransko-irački rat.

And it becomes critical for the Iranians

Irancima postaje presudno

to remember their great past,

da obnove sećanje na svoju veliku prošlost,

their great past

svoju prošlost

when they fought Iraq and won.

kada su se borili sa Irakom i pobedili.

It becomes critical to find a symbol

Postaje presudno da se pronađe simbol

that will pull together all Iranians --

koji će okupiti sve Irance;

Muslims and non-Muslims,

Muslimane i one koji to nisu,

Christians, Zoroastrians, Jews living in Iran,

Hrišćane, Zoroastrijance, iranske Jevreje,

people who are devout, not devout.

vernike i nevernike.

And the obvious emblem is Cyrus.

Očigledan simbol je Kir.

So when the British Museum and Tehran National Musuem

I tako, kad Britanski muzej

cooperate and work together, as we've been doing,

i teheranski Nacionalni muzej sarađuju,

the Iranians ask for one thing only

Iranci traže

as a loan.

samo jednu stvar na zajam.

It's the only object they want.

To je jedini predmet koji žele.

They want to borrow the Cyrus cylinder.

Traže na zajam Kirov valjak.

And last year,

Prošle godine,

the Cyrus cylinder went to Tehran

Kirov valjak odlazi u Teheran

for the second time.

po drugi put.

It's shown being presented here, put into its case

Vidimo kako ga postavlja na mesto

by the director of the National Museum of Tehran,

direktor Nacionalnog muzeja,

one of the many women in Iran in very senior positions,

jedna od mnogih Iranki na važnim položajima,

Mrs. Ardakani.

gospođa Ardakani.

It was a huge event.

Bio je to ogroman događaj.

This is the other side of that same picture.

Ovo je druga strana iste slike.

It's seen in Tehran

U Teheranu ga je videlo

by between one and two million people

nešto manje od 2 miliona ljudi

in the space of a few months.

u razmaku od nekoliko meseci.

This is beyond any blockbuster exhibition

Ovo nadmašuje

in the West.

bilo koju hit izložbu na zapadu.

And it's the subject of a huge debate

Predmet je velike rasprave

about what this cylinder means, what Cyrus means,

o značaju valjka i samog Kira,

but above all, Cyrus as articulated through this cylinder --

o Kiru kakvog nam opisuje valjak,

Cyrus as the defender of the homeland,

Kiru kao braniocu domovine,

the champion, of course, of Iranian identity

predstavniku iranskog identiteta

and of the Iranian peoples,

i iranskih naroda,

tolerant of all faiths.

tolerantnom prema svim verovanjima.

And in the current Iran,

U današnjem Iranu,

Zoroastrians and Christians have guaranteed places

Zoroastrijanci i Hrišćani imaju garantovana mesta

in the Iranian parliament, something to be very, very proud of.

u iranskom parlamentu, na šta su veoma ponosni.

To see this object in Tehran,

Da bi videli ovaj predmet,

thousands of Jews living in Iran

hiljade iranskih Jevreja

came to Tehran to see it.

došlo je u Teheran.

It became a great emblem,

Postao je veliki simbol,

a great subject of debate

predmet debate

about what Iran is at home and abroad.

o tome šta je Iran danas.

Is Iran still to be the defender of the oppressed?

Da li je Iran još uvek branilac potlačenih?

Will Iran set free the people

Hoće li Iran osloboditi narode

that the tyrants have enslaved and expropriated?

koje su tirani porobili i opljačkali?

This is heady national rhetoric,

Ovo je opojna nacionalistička retorika,

and it was all put together

i prikazana je

in a great pageant

u velikoj predstavi

launching the return.

u čast povratka valjka.

Here you see this out-sized Cyrus cylinder on the stage

Vidite ovaj preveliki Kirov valjak na sceni

with great figures from Iranian history

sa značajnim ličnostima iz iranske istorije

gathering to take their place

okupljenim da zauzmu svoja mesta

in the heritage of Iran.

u iranskoj tradiciji.

It was a narrative presented

Taj narativ gura

by the president himself.

sam predsednik.

And for me,

Za mene,

to take this object to Iran,

da odnesem ovaj predmet u Iran,

to be allowed to take this object to Iran

prilika da to učinim

was to be allowed to be part

znači da sam postao deo

of an extraordinary debate

izvanredne rasprave

led at the highest levels

vođene na najvišim nivoima

about what Iran is,

o biću Irana,

what different Irans there are

o različitostima Irana,

and how the different histories of Iran

i kako različite iranske istorije

might shape the world today.

mogu oblikovati svet danas.

It's a debate that's still continuing,

Debata još traje,

and it will continue to rumble,

i nastaviće da bruji,

because this object

jer ovaj predmet

is one of the great declarations

predstavlja jednu od velikih

of a human aspiration.

objava čovekovih stremljenja.

It stands with the American constitution.

Rame uz rame stoji sa američkim ustavom.

It certainly says far more about real freedoms

Zaista govori daleko više o pravim slobodama

than Magna Carta.

od Magna Karte.

It is a document that can mean so many things,

To je dokument koji može značiti toliko mnogo stvari

for Iran and for the region.

za Iran i region.

A replica of this

Replika se nalazi

is at the United Nations.

u Ujedinjenim nacijama.

In New York this autumn, it will be present

Biće prisutan ove jeseni u Njujorku

when the great debates

kad započnu rasprave

about the future of the Middle East take place.

o budućnosti Bliskog istoka.

And I want to finish by asking you

Želeo bih da završim upitavši vas

what the next story will be

koja je sledeća priča

in which this object figures.

u kojoj će se pojaviti ovaj valjak.

It will appear, certainly,

Pojaviće se, sigurno,

in many more Middle Eastern stories.

u još mnogo bliskoistočnih priča.

And what story of the Middle East,

I koju priču o Bliskom istoku

what story of the world,

koju priču o svetu

do you want to see

biste želeli

reflecting what is said,

da odrazi ono što je rečeno,

what is expressed in this cylinder?

što je zapisano na valjku?

The right of peoples

Pravo naroda

to live together in the same state,

na suživot u istoj zemlji,

worshiping differently, freely --

različito verujući, slobodno.

a Middle East, a world,

Bliski istok, svet,

in which religion is not the subject of division

u kome vera nije predmet podele

or of debate.

ili rasprave.

In the world of the Middle East at the moment,

Na Bliskom istoku su trenutno,

the debates are, as you know, shrill.

rasprave zaglušujuće.

But I think it's possible

Ali moguće je

that the most powerful and the wisest voice of all of them

da je najmoćniji i najmudriji glas od svih

may well be the voice

ipak glas

of this mute thing,

ove neme stvari.

the Cyrus cylinder.

Kirovog valjka.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)