Neil MacGregor: 2600 years of history in one object

210,845 views ใƒป 2012-02-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:15
The things we make
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
00:17
have one supreme quality --
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:20
they live longer than us.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
00:22
We perish, they survive;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฉธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:24
we have one life, they have many lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์ด๋ฉฐ,
00:27
and in each life they can mean different things.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
Which means that, while we all have one biography,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž์„œ์ „๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
00:33
they have many.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
00:35
I want this morning to talk
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด,
00:37
about the story, the biography -- or rather the biographies --
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์˜ ์ž์„œ์ „,
00:40
of one particular object,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž์„œ์ „๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
00:43
one remarkable thing.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:45
It doesn't, I agree,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
00:47
look very much.
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๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
It's about the size of a rugby ball.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Ÿญ๋น„๊ณต ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:52
It's made of clay,
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์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:54
and it's been fashioned
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์›ํ†ตํ˜•์ด๊ณ ,
00:56
into a cylinder shape,
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๋นฝ๋นฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:59
covered with close writing
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๊ธ€์”จ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ
01:01
and then baked dry in the sun.
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๊ตฌ์šด ๋’ค ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ๋ง๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:04
And as you can see,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
01:06
it's been knocked about a bit,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
01:08
which is not surprising
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์•ฝ 2500๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์„œ
01:10
because it was made two and a half thousand years ago
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1897๋…„์— ๋ฐœ๊ตด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:13
and was dug up
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ์€
01:15
in 1879.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:17
But today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ 
01:19
this thing is, I believe,
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์€ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์ •์„ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:21
a major player
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„
01:23
in the politics of the Middle East.
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๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:25
And it's an object
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—”
01:27
with fascinating stories
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๊ตฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:29
and stories that are by no means over yet.
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๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:33
The story begins
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๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:35
in the Iran-Iraq war
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์ด๋ž€ห™์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:39
and that series of events
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๊ทธ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€
01:41
that culminated
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด
01:43
in the invasion of Iraq
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์ด๋ผํฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
01:45
by foreign forces,
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๋…์žฌ์ž์˜ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ๊ณผ
01:47
the removal of a despotic ruler
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๊ธ‰์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ •๊ถŒ ๊ต์ฒด๋กœ
01:49
and instant regime change.
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๋์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
And I want to begin
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„
01:54
with one episode from that sequence of events
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•˜์‹ค๋ฒ•ํ•œ
01:56
that most of you would be very familiar with,
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๋ฒจ์‚ฌ์‚ด์™•์˜ ์ž”์น˜(Belshazzar's feast)๋กœ
01:59
Belshazzar's feast --
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
because we're talking about the Iran-Iraq war
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 539๋…„์˜
02:03
of 539 BC.
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์ด๋ž€-์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:06
And the parallels
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 539๋…„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ
02:08
between the events
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2003๋…„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด,
02:10
of 539 BC and 2003 and in between
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๋˜ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์€
02:13
are startling.
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๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:15
What you're looking at is Rembrandt's painting,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์—
02:17
now in the National Gallery in London,
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์ „์‹œ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˜๋ธŒ๋ž€ํŠธ(Rembrandt)์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ,
02:19
illustrating the text from the prophet Daniel
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์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ์„ฑ์„œ์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ž
02:21
in the Hebrew scriptures.
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๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:24
And you all know roughly the story.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ถฉ์€ ๋‹ค ์•„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
Belshazzar, the son of Nebuchadnezzar,
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์„ ์ •๋ณตํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋Š๋ถ€๊ฐ“๋„ค์‚ด(Nebuchadnezzar)์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ธ
02:29
Nebuchadnezzar who'd conquered Israel, sacked Jerusalem
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๋ฒจ์‚ฌ์‚ด(Belshazzar)์€
02:32
and captured the people
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์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜(Jerusalem)์„ ์•ฝํƒˆํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:34
and taken the Jews back to Babylon.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ™์žก์•„์„œ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก (Babylon)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:36
Not only the Jews, he'd taken the temple vessels.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ฐฐ์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:39
He'd ransacked, desecrated the temple.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์›์„ ๋’ค์ง€๊ณ  ํ›ผ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
And the great gold vessels of the temple in Jerusalem
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ „์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ ์ ‘์‹œ๋Š”
02:45
had been taken to Babylon.
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:48
Belshazzar, his son,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ธ ๋ฒจ์‚ฌ์‚ด์€
02:50
decides to have a feast.
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์—ฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:52
And in order to make it even more exciting,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐํšŒ์— ํฅ์„ ๋” ๋‹๊ตฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:54
he added a bit of sacrilege to the rest of the fun,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋…์„ ์–น๊ณ ,
02:57
and he brings out the temple vessels.
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์‹ ์ „์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:00
He's already at war with the Iranians,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์˜ ํŒจ์ž์˜€๋˜
03:03
with the king of Persia.
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์ด๋ž€์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:05
And that night, Daniel tells us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์—˜์€ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋ฐค,
03:08
at the height of the festivities
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์ถ•์ œ์˜ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ฐฝ ๋ฌด๋ฅด์ต์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:10
a hand appeared and wrote on the wall,
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์–ด๋–ค ์†์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฒฝ์—
03:13
"You are weighed in the balance and found wanting,
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"๋„ˆ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ์žฌ์–ด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜๋‹ค
03:16
and your kingdom is handed over
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋„ˆ์˜ ์™•๊ตญ์€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”๋””์•„์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ 
03:18
to the Medes and the Persians."
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์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
And that very night
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋‚  ์ €๋…,
03:22
Cyrus, king of the Persians, entered Babylon
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์™• ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์„ ์นจ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:26
and the whole regime of Belshazzar fell.
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๋ฒจ์‚ฌ์‚ด์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์™•๊ตญ์€ ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:31
It is, of course, a great moment
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š”
03:33
in the history
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์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:35
of the Jewish people.
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์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
It's a great story. It's story we all know.
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์›…์žฅํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
03:39
"The writing on the wall"
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"๋ฒฝ์— ์จ์ง„ ๊ธ€๊ท€"๋Š”
03:41
is part of our everyday language.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
What happened next
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ ,
03:46
was remarkable,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด
03:48
and it's where our cylinder
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
03:50
enters the story.
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์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:52
Cyrus, king of the Persians,
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์™• ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š”
03:54
has entered Babylon without a fight --
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์— ๋ฌดํ˜ˆ์ž…์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:56
the great empire of Babylon,
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์ด๋ผํฌ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—์„œ
03:58
which ran from central southern Iraq
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”
04:00
to the Mediterranean,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก  ์™•๊ตญ์€
04:02
falls to Cyrus.
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์— ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ ๊ฟ‡์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
04:04
And Cyrus makes a declaration.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ ์–ธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:08
And that is what this cylinder is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์„ ์–ธ์ด ์ด ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ์œ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:11
the declaration made by the ruler guided by God
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์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ ,
04:14
who had toppled the Iraqi despot
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์ด๋ผํฌ์˜ ๋…์žฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋„ˆํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
04:18
and was going to bring freedom to the people.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค€ ์ง€๋„์ž์— ์˜ํ•ด ์„ ์–ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
04:20
In ringing Babylonian --
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ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์–ด๋กœ
04:22
it was written in Babylonian --
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์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ธ€์—์„œ
04:24
he says, "I am Cyrus, king of all the universe,
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๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์™•, ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™•,
04:27
the great king, the powerful king,
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์™•, ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์˜ ์™•,
04:29
king of Babylon, king of the four quarters of the world."
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 1/4์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์™• ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์ด๋‹ค."
04:33
They're not shy of hyperbole as you can see.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:36
This is probably
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์ด๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„
04:38
the first real press release
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์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์— ์˜ํ•ด
04:40
by a victorious army
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๋ฐ˜ํฌ๋œ
04:42
that we've got.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:44
And it's written, as we'll see in due course,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋•Œ์—
04:46
by very skilled P.R. consultants.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•œ P.R. ์ปจ์„คํ„ดํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:49
So the hyperbole is not actually surprising.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์žฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ 
04:52
And what is the great king, the powerful king,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™•, ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์™•,
04:54
the king of the four quarters of the world going to do?
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ 1/4์˜ ์™•์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:57
He goes on to say that, having conquered Babylon,
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์€ ์ •๋ณตํ•œ ๋’ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
05:00
he will at once let all the peoples
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ธ๋“ค-๋Š๋ถ€๊ฐ“๋„ค์‚ด๊ณผ ๋ฒจ์‚ฌ์‚ด-์ด
05:03
that the Babylonians -- Nebuchadnezzar and Belshazzar --
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์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๊ณ  ๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜
05:05
have captured and enslaved
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ’€์–ด์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:07
go free.
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์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:09
He'll let them return to their countries.
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋’€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:11
And more important,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
05:13
he will let them all recover
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ดํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝํƒˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
05:15
the gods, the statues,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ๋“ค, ๋™์ƒ๋“ค,
05:17
the temple vessels
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์‹ ์ „์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡๋“ค์„
05:19
that had been confiscated.
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๋ณต๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†”๋’€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:21
All the peoples that the Babylonians had repressed and removed
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์ธ๋“ค์ด ์–ต์••ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—†์•ด๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
05:24
will go home,
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
05:26
and they'll take with them their gods.
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๋ชจ์‹œ๋˜ ์‹ ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:29
And they'll be able to restore their altars
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:32
and to worship their gods
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ œ๋‹จ์„ ๋ณต๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:34
in their own way, in their own place.
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๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:37
This is the decree,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:39
this object is the evidence
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์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์€
05:42
for the fact that the Jews,
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ„ ํ›„
05:44
after the exile in Babylon,
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
05:46
the years they'd spent sitting by the waters of Babylon,
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์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‚  ๋™์•ˆ
05:49
weeping when they remembered Jerusalem,
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๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์„ ํ›”์ณค๋˜ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด
05:52
those Jews were allowed to go home.
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:55
They were allowed to return to Jerusalem
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์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
05:57
and to rebuild the temple.
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์‹ ์ „์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
05:59
It's a central document
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์ฆ‰, ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:01
in Jewish history.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:03
And the Book of Chronicles, the Book of Ezra in the Hebrew scriptures
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ(the Book of Chronicles), ์ฆ‰ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ์„œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—์Šค๋ผ์„œ(the Book of Ezra)๊ฐ€
06:07
reported in ringing terms.
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ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ ฅ ์ง™์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์จ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:09
This is the Jewish version
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜
06:11
of the same story.
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์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:13
"Thus said Cyrus, king of Persia,
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์™• ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
'All the kingdoms of the earth have the Lord God of heaven given thee,
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'๋•… ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์™•๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค
06:18
and he has charged me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ป˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
06:20
to build him a house in Jerusalem.
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์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค
06:22
Who is there among you of his people?
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ƒ?
06:24
The Lord God be with him,
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์‹ ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
06:26
and let him go up.'"
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"
06:29
"Go up" -- aaleh.
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"์˜ฌ๋ผ๋ผ" ## aaleh๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š” ใ… ใ… 
06:31
The central element, still,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ท€ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜
06:34
of the notion of return,
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์ค‘์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
06:36
a central part
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์œ ๋Œ€๊ต์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
06:38
of the life of Judaism.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:40
As you all know, that return from exile,
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทธ ํƒ€ํ–ฅ์‚ด์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€์™€
06:42
the second temple,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ ์ „์€
06:44
reshaped Judaism.
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์œ ๋Œ€๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:46
And that change,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”,
06:48
that great historic moment,
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๊ทธ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€
06:50
was made possible by Cyrus, the king of Persia,
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์˜ ์™• ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
06:54
reported for us in Hebrew in scripture
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์ด๋Š” ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ,
06:57
and in Babylonian in clay.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„๋กœ ์ ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:00
Two great texts,
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๋‘ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ€,
07:02
what about the politics?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:04
What was going on
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์ค‘๋™์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:06
was the fundamental shift in Middle Eastern history.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:09
The empire of Iran, the Medes and the Persians,
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค ์•„๋ž˜์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ
07:12
united under Cyrus,
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์ด๋ž€์˜ ๋ฉ”๋””์•„์™€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„๋Š”
07:14
became the first great world empire.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™•๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:18
Cyrus begins in the 530s BC.
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 530๋…„ ๊ฒฝ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
And by the time of his son Darius,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค(Darius) ๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์„œ๋Š”
07:25
the whole of the eastern Mediterranean
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ๋™์ชฝ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋•…์ด
07:28
is under Persian control.
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด์‹œ์•„์˜ ํ†ต์น˜ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:30
This empire is, in fact,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์™•๊ตญ์€
07:32
the Middle East as we now know it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘๋™(Middle East)์ด๊ณ ,
07:34
and it's what shapes the Middle East as we now know it.
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์ด ์™•๊ตญ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘๋™์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:37
It was the largest empire the world had known until then.
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:39
Much more important,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
07:41
it was the first
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜
07:43
multicultural, multifaith state
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”, ๋‹ค์ข…๊ต
07:45
on a huge scale.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:47
And it had to be run in a quite new way.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์™„์ „ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ,
07:49
It had to be run in different languages.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ํ†ต์น˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
The fact that this decree is in Babylonian says one thing.
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์ด ํฌ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„์–ด๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:54
And it had to recognize their different habits,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ’์Šต,
07:56
different peoples, different religions, different faiths.
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๋ฏผ์กฑ, ์ข…๊ต, ์‹ ์•™์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:59
All of those are respected by Cyrus.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กด์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:02
Cyrus sets up a model
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑ,
08:04
of how you run
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๋‹ค์ข…๊ต, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜
08:06
a great multinational, multifaith, multicultural society.
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ํ†ต์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:11
And the result of that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
08:13
was an empire that included the areas you see on the screen,
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:16
and which survived for 200 years of stability
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋”์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
08:19
until it was shattered by Alexander.
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200๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:22
It left a dream of the Middle East as a unit,
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์ด ์™•๊ตญ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ์˜ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:24
and a unit where people of different faiths
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์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:26
could live together.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:28
The Greek invasions ended that.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์นจ๊ณต์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊นจ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:30
And of course, Alexander couldn't sustain a government
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋”๋Š” ํ†ต์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:33
and it fragmented.
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๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฟ”๋ฟ”์ด ํฉ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:35
But what Cyrus represented
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:37
remained absolutely central.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
The Greek historian Xenophon
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์ธ ํฌ์„ธ๋…ธํฐ(Xenophon)์€
08:42
wrote his book "Cyropaedia"
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…
08:44
promoting Cyrus as the great ruler.
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ํ‚ค๋กœํŒŒ์—๋””์•„(Cyropaedia)๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:46
And throughout European culture afterward,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดํ›„์— ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด์„œ
08:49
Cyrus remained the model.
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:52
This is a 16th century image
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์ด 16์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€
08:54
to show you how widespread
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
08:56
his veneration actually was.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํผ์กŒ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:59
And Xenophon's book on Cyrus
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ
09:01
on how you ran a diverse society
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์šด์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ด ํฌ์„ธ๋…ธํฐ์˜ ์ฑ…์€
09:04
was one of the great textbooks
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ œ์ •์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
09:06
that inspired the Founding Fathers
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์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค‘ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ… ์ค‘์˜
09:08
of the American Revolution.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:10
Jefferson was a great admirer --
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์ œํผ์Šจ(Jefferson)์€ ํฐ ์ถ”์ข…์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:12
the ideals of Cyrus
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด
09:14
obviously speaking to those 18th century ideals
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์„
09:16
of how you create religious tolerance
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 18์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์—
09:18
in a new state.
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๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
09:23
Meanwhile, back in Babylon,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:25
things had not been going well.
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์ผ์ด ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:27
After Alexander, the other empires,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™•์กฐ์˜€๋˜ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ์ดํ›„๋กœ
09:30
Babylon declines, falls into ruins,
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์€ ์‡ ํ‡ดํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:33
and all the traces of the great Babylonian empire are lost --
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1879๋…„ ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์—์„œ
09:37
until 1879
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์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€ ์ „์‹œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด์— ์˜ํ•ด
09:39
when the cylinder is discovered
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์›ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
09:42
by a British Museum exhibition digging in Babylon.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก  ์™•๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ”์ ๋“ค์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:45
And it enters now another story.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:48
It enters that great debate
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์˜
09:50
in the middle of the 19th century:
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์น˜์—ดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
09:52
Are the scriptures reliable? Can we trust them?
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๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
09:55
We only knew
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:57
about the return of the Jews and the decree of Cyrus
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์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€์™€ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ํฌ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ–์—
09:59
from the Hebrew scriptures.
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์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:01
No other evidence.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ 
10:03
Suddenly, this appeared.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:05
And great excitement
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:07
to a world where those who believed in the scriptures
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์ฐฝ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:09
had had their faith in creation shaken
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์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์— ์˜ํ•ด
10:11
by evolution, by geology,
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ํ”๋“ค๋ ธ๋˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ํฅ๋ถ„์ด,
10:13
here was evidence
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๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:15
that the scriptures were historically true.
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์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ํ•ด์„์ด ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์• ๋งคํ•˜๋„ค์š” ใ… ใ…  ํ™•์ธ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:17
It's a great 19th century moment.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
10:20
But -- and this, of course, is where it becomes complicated --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
10:25
the facts were true,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:27
hurrah for archeology,
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๊ณ ๊ณ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ™˜์˜ํ•  ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:30
but the interpretation was rather more complicated.
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ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:33
Because the cylinder account and the Hebrew Bible account
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์›ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์ด
10:36
differ in one key respect.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์Ÿ์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:38
The Babylonian cylinder
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋กœ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์›ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌผ์€
10:40
is written by the priests
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๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ(Marduk)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์„ ๋ชจ์‹œ๋Š”
10:42
of the great god of Bablyon, Marduk.
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์„ฑ์ง์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:44
And, not surprisingly,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ๋„
10:46
they tell you that all this was done by Marduk.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ํžŒ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:48
"Marduk, we hold, called Cyrus by his name."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
10:51
Marduk takes Cyrus by the hand,
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๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๋Š” ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋“ฌ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:54
calls him to shepherd his people
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋ €์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:56
and gives him the rule of Babylon.
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๋ฐ”๋นŒ๋ก ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:59
Marduk tells Cyrus
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๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๋Š” ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ
11:01
that he will do these great, generous things
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
11:03
of setting the people free.
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์ด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:05
And this is why we should all be grateful to
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๋ฅผ
11:07
and worship Marduk.
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์นญ์†กํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆญ๋ฐฐํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:09
The Hebrew writers
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:11
in the Old Testament,
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๊ตฌ์•ฝ ์„ฑ์„œ(the Old Testament)์—์„œ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ ์ €์ž๋“ค์€
11:13
you will not be surprised to learn,
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€
11:16
take a rather different view of this.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:18
For them, of course, it can't possibly by Marduk
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๊ฐ€
11:20
that made all this happen.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:22
It can only be Jehovah.
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์˜ค์ง ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€(Jehovah)๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
11:24
And so in Isaiah,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ์„œ(Isaiah)์—์„œ๋„
11:26
we have the wonderful texts
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์˜ ๊ณตํ—Œ์„
11:28
giving all the credit of this,
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๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ํ•˜๋Š๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:30
not to Marduk
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๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๊ธ€์„
11:31
but to the Lord God of Israel --
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:34
the Lord God of Israel
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์ด ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ํ•˜๋Š๋‹˜
11:36
who also called Cyrus by name,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์…จ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:38
also takes Cyrus by the hand
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์†์ˆ˜ ๋Œ๋ณด์…จ๊ณ ,
11:41
and talks of him shepherding his people.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:43
It's a remarkable example
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:45
of two different priestly appropriations of the same event,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ œ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ด์ž
11:49
two different religious takeovers
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์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:51
of a political fact.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ์ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:53
God, we know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์‹ ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต
11:55
is usually on the side of the big battalions.
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ํฐ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€์˜ ํŽธ์— ์„œ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:57
The question is, which god was it?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์‹ ์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
12:00
And the debate unsettles
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์€
12:02
everybody in the 19th century
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ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์–ด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ข…๊ต์˜ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
12:04
to realize that the Hebrew scriptures
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๊นจ์šฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:06
are part of a much wider world of religion.
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:09
And it's quite clear
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์›ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด
12:11
the cylinder is older than the text of Isaiah,
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์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
12:14
and yet, Jehovah is speaking
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์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€
12:16
in words very similar
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:18
to those used by Marduk.
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๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:20
And there's a slight sense that Isaiah knows this,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ํžŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:23
because he says,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€,
12:25
this is God speaking, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:28
"I have called thee by thy name
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"๋‚œ ๋น„๋ก ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„,
12:30
though thou hast not known me."
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๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:32
I think it's recognized
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์ €๋Š” ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๊ฐ€
12:34
that Cyrus doesn't realize
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜ ๋ช…๋ น ํ•˜์—
12:36
that he's acting under orders from Jehovah.
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์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:39
And equally, he'd have been surprised that he was acting under orders from Marduk.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฅด๋‘ํฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ช…๋ น ์•„๋ž˜์— ์›€์ง์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋†€๋ž์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:42
Because interestingly, of course,
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
12:44
Cyrus is a good Iranian
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ์ „ํ˜€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
12:46
with a totally different set of gods
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์‹œ๋Š”
12:48
who are not mentioned in any of these texts.
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์ฐฉํ•œ ์ด๋ž€์ธ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:52
That's 1879.
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1897๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
12:54
40 years on
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40๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ
12:56
and we're in 1917,
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1917๋…„์—,
12:59
and the cylinder enters a different world.
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์›๋™ ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์„ธ๋กœ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:01
This time, the real politics
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ •์น˜ -
13:03
of the contemporary world --
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๋ฐธํ‘ธ์–ด ์„ ์–ธ(Balfour Declaration)์˜ ํ•ด,
13:05
the year of the Balfour Declaration,
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด
13:08
the year when the new imperial power in the Middle East, Britain,
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์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์˜
13:11
decides that it will declare
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์„
13:13
a Jewish national home,
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”,
13:15
it will allow
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์˜
13:17
the Jews to return.
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๊ท€ํ–ฅ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด - ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ใ… ใ…  ์ด๊ฑด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”...
13:19
And the response to this
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์˜
13:21
by the Jewish population in Eastern Europe is rhapsodic.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์—ด๊ด‘์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:24
And across Eastern Europe,
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๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์€
13:26
Jews display pictures of Cyrus
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์˜ˆ๋ฃจ์‚ด๋ ˜์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ท€ํ™˜์„
13:28
and of George V
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ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•œ ๋‘ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž์ธ
13:30
side by side --
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์™€
13:32
the two great rulers
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์กฐ์ง€ 5์„ธ(Geroge V)์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„
13:34
who have allowed the return to Jerusalem.
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๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋†จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:37
And the Cyrus cylinder comes back into public view
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์›๋™ ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”๊ณ ,
13:40
and the text of this
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์™œ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์—
13:42
as a demonstration of why what is going to happen
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:45
after the war is over in 1918
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1918๋…„์— ๋์ด ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋กœ์จ
13:48
is part of a divine plan.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธ€์€ ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:51
You all know what happened.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ 
13:53
The state of Israel is setup,
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
13:56
and 50 years later, in the late 60s,
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50๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 60๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์—๋Š”
13:59
it's clear that Britain's role as the imperial power is over.
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์ œ๊ตญ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:02
And another story of the cylinder begins.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ์–ฝํžŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:05
The region, the U.K. and the U.S. decide,
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์ด
14:07
has to be kept safe from communism,
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
14:10
and the superpower that will be created to do this
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€
14:13
would be Iran, the Shah.
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์™•(Shah)์ธ ์ด๋ž€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:15
And so the Shah invents an Iranian history,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Shah๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋†“๋Š”
14:18
or a return to Iranian history,
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์ด๋ž€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ,
14:20
that puts him in the center of a great tradition
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ํ˜น์€ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณต๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ณ ,
14:23
and produces coins
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
14:25
showing himself
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
14:27
with the Cyrus cylinder.
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๋™์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:29
When he has his great celebrations in Persepolis,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜๋ฅด์„ธํด๋ฆฌ์Šค(Persepolis)์—์„œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฐ์„ ์—ด ๋•Œ,
14:32
he summons the cylinder
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:34
and the cylinder is lent by the British Museum, goes to Tehran,
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๊ทธ ์œ ๋ฌผ์€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋Œ€์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€(Tehran)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
14:37
and is part of those great celebrations
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ํŒ”๋ผ๋น„(Pahlavi) ์™•์กฐ์˜
14:39
of the Pahlavi dynasty.
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๊ธฐ๋…ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:42
Cyrus cylinder: guarantor of the Shah.
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์›ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌผ : ์™•(Shah)์˜ ๋ณด์ฆ์ธ
14:45
10 years later, another story:
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10๋…„ ๋’ค, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:48
Iranian Revolution, 1979.
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1979๋…„์˜ ์ด๋ž€ ํ˜๋ช…์ด์ฃ 
14:50
Islamic revolution, no more Cyrus;
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๋”์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ํ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
14:52
we're not interested in that history,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:54
we're interested in Islamic Iran --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒํ™”๋œ ์ด๋ž€์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:57
until Iraq,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
14:59
the new superpower that we've all decided should be in the region,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์ด๋ผํฌ๊ฐ€
15:02
attacks.
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๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์š”
15:04
Then another Iran-Iraq war.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ž€-์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:06
And it becomes critical for the Iranians
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ž€์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
15:08
to remember their great past,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ,
15:11
their great past
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์ด๋ผํฌ์™€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฐฌ๋ž€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ
15:13
when they fought Iraq and won.
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์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:16
It becomes critical to find a symbol
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
15:18
that will pull together all Iranians --
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๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ๋“ค, ์กฐ๋กœ์•„์Šคํ„ฐ๊ต ์‹ ์ž,
15:21
Muslims and non-Muslims,
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์ด๋ž€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ, ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด
15:23
Christians, Zoroastrians, Jews living in Iran,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ž€์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์–‘์„
15:26
people who are devout, not devout.
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์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:28
And the obvious emblem is Cyrus.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํ‘œ์‹์€ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:31
So when the British Museum and Tehran National Musuem
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
15:34
cooperate and work together, as we've been doing,
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์˜๊ตญ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€๊ณผ ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ด
15:36
the Iranians ask for one thing only
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
15:38
as a loan.
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์ด๋ž€์ธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค์ง ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:40
It's the only object they want.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
15:42
They want to borrow the Cyrus cylinder.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์›ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธธ ์›ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:44
And last year,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด,
15:46
the Cyrus cylinder went to Tehran
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์€
15:50
for the second time.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:53
It's shown being presented here, put into its case
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
15:56
by the director of the National Museum of Tehran,
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ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์˜ ๊ด€์žฅ์ด์ž
15:59
one of the many women in Iran in very senior positions,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
16:02
Mrs. Ardakani.
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์•„๋‹ค์นด๋‹ˆ(Ardakani)์”จ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ์ž์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:04
It was a huge event.
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:06
This is the other side of that same picture.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:09
It's seen in Tehran
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์ด๋Š” ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€์—์„œ
16:12
by between one and two million people
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๋งŒ์—
16:14
in the space of a few months.
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100์—์„œ 200๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:16
This is beyond any blockbuster exhibition
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์ด๋Š” ์„œ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ
16:18
in the West.
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๋„˜์–ด์„  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:20
And it's the subject of a huge debate
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
16:23
about what this cylinder means, what Cyrus means,
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
16:26
but above all, Cyrus as articulated through this cylinder --
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๋˜ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ข…๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค,
16:29
Cyrus as the defender of the homeland,
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค,
16:32
the champion, of course, of Iranian identity
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์ด๋ž€์˜ ์˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ฑ๊ณผ
16:34
and of the Iranian peoples,
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์ด๋ž€์ธ์˜ ํˆฌ์‚ฌ,
16:36
tolerant of all faiths.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๊ต์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:38
And in the current Iran,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋ž€์—์„œ
16:40
Zoroastrians and Christians have guaranteed places
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์กฐ๋กœ์•„์Šคํ„ฐ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญํšŒ์—์„œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
16:43
in the Iranian parliament, something to be very, very proud of.
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์ด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ 
16:46
To see this object in Tehran,
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ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€์—์„œ ์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
16:49
thousands of Jews living in Iran
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์ด๋ž€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ๋“ค์€
16:51
came to Tehran to see it.
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ํ…Œํ—ค๋ž€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:53
It became a great emblem,
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์ด๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์‹์ด์ž
16:55
a great subject of debate
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๊ณ ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ
16:57
about what Iran is at home and abroad.
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์ด๋ž€์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:00
Is Iran still to be the defender of the oppressed?
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์ด๋ž€์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์–ต์••๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์ž์ธ๊ฐ€?
17:03
Will Iran set free the people
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์ด๋ž€์€ ๋…์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€
17:05
that the tyrants have enslaved and expropriated?
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ฐฉ์ทจํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ’€์–ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
17:08
This is heady national rhetoric,
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์ด๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์—ฌ๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ ,
17:11
and it was all put together
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๋ณต๊ท€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”
17:13
in a great pageant
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅํ–‰๋ ฌ๋กœ
17:15
launching the return.
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ํ•ฉ์ณ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:17
Here you see this out-sized Cyrus cylinder on the stage
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด
17:20
with great figures from Iranian history
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์ด๋ž€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์—์„œ
17:23
gathering to take their place
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ธ ์ด๋ž€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜
17:25
in the heritage of Iran.
427
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:28
It was a narrative presented
428
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„
17:30
by the president himself.
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์ง์ ‘ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:33
And for me,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
17:35
to take this object to Iran,
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ด๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
17:37
to be allowed to take this object to Iran
432
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์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ด๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€
17:39
was to be allowed to be part
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์ด๋ž€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ ,
17:41
of an extraordinary debate
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
17:43
led at the highest levels
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์ด๋ž€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„
17:45
about what Iran is,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
17:47
what different Irans there are
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ
17:50
and how the different histories of Iran
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก
17:52
might shape the world today.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:55
It's a debate that's still continuing,
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋ฉฐ,
17:58
and it will continue to rumble,
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:00
because this object
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด
18:02
is one of the great declarations
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ด๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
18:04
of a human aspiration.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์–ธ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
18:06
It stands with the American constitution.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•(American constitution)๊ณผ ์–ด๊นจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:10
It certainly says far more about real freedoms
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ—Œ์žฅ(Magna Carta)๋ณด๋‹ค
18:13
than Magna Carta.
447
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:15
It is a document that can mean so many things,
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์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—๊ฒŒ
18:18
for Iran and for the region.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:21
A replica of this
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๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ณธ์€
18:23
is at the United Nations.
451
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UN(United Nations)์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:25
In New York this autumn, it will be present
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€์„ ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ
18:28
when the great debates
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์ค‘๋™์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ
18:30
about the future of the Middle East take place.
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๋ณด์—ฌ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:33
And I want to finish by asking you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ
18:35
what the next story will be
456
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
18:37
in which this object figures.
457
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:39
It will appear, certainly,
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—
18:41
in many more Middle Eastern stories.
459
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์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:43
And what story of the Middle East,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ๋Š”
18:45
what story of the world,
461
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'์ด ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š”
18:47
do you want to see
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์–ด๋–ค ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ,
18:49
reflecting what is said,
463
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
18:51
what is expressed in this cylinder?
464
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๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
18:53
The right of peoples
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ
18:55
to live together in the same state,
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๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
18:57
worshiping differently, freely --
467
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๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ -
18:59
a Middle East, a world,
468
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์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋‹จ์ด๋‚˜
19:01
in which religion is not the subject of division
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๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
19:03
or of debate.
470
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์ค‘๋™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„
19:06
In the world of the Middle East at the moment,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
19:09
the debates are, as you know, shrill.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋†’์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:12
But I think it's possible
473
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
19:14
that the most powerful and the wisest voice of all of them
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
19:18
may well be the voice
475
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ
19:20
of this mute thing,
476
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ํ‚ค๋กœ์Šค ์œ ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
19:22
the Cyrus cylinder.
477
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์•„๋‹๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:24
Thank you.
478
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:26
(Applause)
479
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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