David Hoffman: Catch Sputnik mania!

Prevodilac: Jana Kobal Lektor: Ivana Korom

Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,

Pre pedeset godina u nekadašnjem Sovjetskom savezu

a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object

tim inženjera je tajno pomerao veliki objekat

through a desolate countryside.

kroz napušteni predeo.

With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere

Sa tim objektom su se nadali da će svuda zainteresovati ljude

by being the first to conquer outer space.

time što će prvi osvojiti svemir.

The rocket was huge.

Raketa je bila ogromna.

And packed in its nose was a silver ball

U njen nos su spakovali srebrnu loptu

with two radios inside.

u kojoj su se nalazila dva radio predajnika.

On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.

4. oktobra 1957. godine su lansirali raketu.

One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:

U to vreme, jedan od ruskih naučnika je zabeležio:

"We are about to create a new planet

"Nameravamo da stvorimo novu planetu,

that we will call Sputnik.

koju ćemo zvati Sputnjik."

In the olden days, explorers

U starim vremenima, istraživači

like Vasco da Gama and Columbus

kao Vasko de Gama ili Kolumbo

had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.

su imali sreću da prošire granice tada poznatog sveta.

Now we have the good fortune to open up space.

Sada mi imamo tu sreću da proširimo granice svemira.

And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."

I u budućnosti će nam u istoj meri zavideti na našoj radosti.

You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,

Gledate odlomke "Sputnjika", mog petog dokumentarnog filma,

which is just about completed.

koji je upravo završen.

It tells the story of Sputnik,

On govori o Sputnjiku,

and the story of what happened to America as a result.

i o tome šta se kao posledica toga dogodilo Americi.

For days after the launch,

Danima nakon lansiranja,

Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.

svi su se divili Sputnjiku.

A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,

Mesec, koga je napravio čovek i koji mogu da vide obični građani,

it inspired awe and pride

ulio je strahopoštovanje i ponos

that humans had finally launched an object into space.

da je čovek konačno lansirao objekat u svemir.

But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,

Ali samo tri dana kasnije, na dan koji zovu Crveni ponedeljak,

the media and the politicians told us,

mediji i političari su nam rekli,

and we believed, that Sputnik was proof

a mi smo verovali, da je Sputnjik dokaz

that our enemy had beaten us

da su nas naši neprijatelji pobedili

in science and technology,

u nauci i tehnologiji

and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,

i da nas sad mogu napasti hidrogenskim bombama,

using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.

koristeći njihov Sputnjik kao nosač raketa.

All hell broke loose.

Otvorila su se vrata pakla.

Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --

Sputnjik je brzo postao jedan od tri velika šoka koja su pogodila Ameriku --

historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.

istoričari kažu jednak Perlu Harburu ili 11.septembru.

It provoked the missile gap.

To je prouzrokovalo jaz u razvoju raketa.

It exploded an arms race.

Počela je trka u naoružanju.

It began the space race.

Počela je svemirska trka.

Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,

U toku godinu dana, kongres je finansirao ogroman budžet za razvoj naoružanja,

and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons

i otišli smo sa 1200 nuklearnog oružja

to 20,000.

na 20 000.

And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.

Reakcije na Sputnjik nisu bile samo povećanje naoružanja.

For example, some here will remember

Na primer, neki ovde će se setiti

this day, June 1958,

tog dana, juna 1958. godine,

the National Civil Defense Drill,

nacionalne vežbe civilne odbrane,

where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.

kad su desetine miliona ljudi u 78 gradova otišli u skloništa.

Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans

Ili Galup ankete koja je pokazala da je 7 od 10 Amerikanaca

believed that a nuclear war would happen,

verovalo da će doći do nuklearnog rata,

and that at least 50 percent of our population

i da će najmanje 50 procenata naše populacije

was going to be killed.

poginuti.

But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.

Međutim, Sputnjik je prouzrokovao i predivne promene.

For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship

Na primer, neki u ovoj prostoriji su išli u školu sa stipendijom

because of Sputnik.

zahvaljujući Sputnjiku.

Support for engineering, math and science --

Podrška u inženjerstvu, matematici i nauci--

education in general -- boomed.

uopšte obrazovanju - se veoma povećala.

And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik

Vint Serf ističe da je Sputnjik

led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,

doveo direktno do ARPA i interneta,

and, of course, NASA.

i naravno do аgencije NASA.

My feature documentary shows how a free society

Moj dokumentarac pokazuje kako slobodno društvo

can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.

mogu da ugroze oni koji znaju kako da koriste medije.

But it also shows how we can turn

Ali istovremeno pokazuje kako mi možemo da preokrenemo situaciju,

what appears at first to be a bad situation,

koja se na početku čini kao loša,

into something that was overall very good for America.

u nešto što je uopšte dobro za Ameriku.

"Sputnik" will soon be released.

Film "Sputnjik" će se uskoro pojaviti.

In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank

Na kraju, želeo bih da se zahvalim

one of my investors:

jednom od mojih investitora,

longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.

dugogodišnjem TEDsteru Džeju Vokeru.

And I'd like to thank you all.

I želeo bih da zahvalim svima vama.

(Applause).

(Aplauz).

Thank you, Chris.

Hvala, Kris.