David Hoffman: Catch Sputnik mania!

17,286 views ใƒป 2008-04-04

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Do Eon Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sanghoon Lee
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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50๋…„ ์ „ ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ์—์„œ
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ช…์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค์ด
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ณจ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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๋กœ์ผ“์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋กœ์ผ“์˜ ์•ž๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๋Š”
00:40
with two radios inside.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์€์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต์„ ํƒ‘์žฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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1957๋…„ 10์›” 4์ผ์— ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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ํ•œ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ์—
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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Sputnik์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐ”์Šค์ฝ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€๋งˆ์™€ ์ฝœ๋Ÿผ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ™์€
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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์œก์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ›„์†๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์˜ 5 ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ธ Sputnik์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
which is just about completed.
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์•„์ง์€ ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Sputnik์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ ์ฐธ ๋™์•ˆ,
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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Spuntnik์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์ธ๊ณต๋‹ฌ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜์•„์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ‰์€ ์›”์š”์ผ(Red Monday)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ 3์ผ ํ›„์—,
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์™€ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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Sputnik์€ ์ ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์จ ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฉฐ,
01:51
in science and technology,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š”
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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Sputnik๋ฅผ IMB ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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์ˆ˜์†Œํญํƒ„์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ดํ›„, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์˜จํ†ต ๋‚œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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Sputnik์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ 3๋Œ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ง„์ฃผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ 9/11 ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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Sputnik์€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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๊ตฐ๋น„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:17
It began the space race.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์•ˆ์—, ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ด์ƒ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค๊ฐ”์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
02:26
to 20,000.
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1200๊ฐœ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ 20,000๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Sputnik์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๊ตฐ๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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1958๋…„ 6์›”,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 78๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ”ผํ–ˆ๋˜
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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๋ฏผ๋ฐฉ์œ„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฝ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด 10๋ช… ์ค‘ 7๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€
02:45
believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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ํ•ต์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
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์ ์–ด๋„ 50%์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
02:50
was going to be killed.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ฉด์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Sputnik์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ค์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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๊ฐ€๋ น, Sputnik์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•™๊ต์—๋Š” ์žฅํ•™๊ธˆ์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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๊ณตํ•™, ์ˆ˜ํ•™, ๊ณผํ•™ --
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์ด ์„ฑํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ Vint Cerf์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด Sputnik์ด
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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ARPA, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  NASA์˜
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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ํƒ„์ƒ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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์ €์˜ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ถฐ์กŒ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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"Sputnik"์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ณง ๊ฐœ๋ด‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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๋๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์šฐ์„  ์ €์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
03:33
one of my investors:
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์˜ค๋žœ ํ…Œ๋“œ์Šคํ„ฐ(TEDster)์ธ
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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Jay Walker์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
(Applause).
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Chris ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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