David Hoffman: Catch Sputnik mania!

Translator: Ales Rosina Reviewer: Peter Mesarec

Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,

Pred pedesetimi leti v Sovjetski zvezi

a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object

je skupina inžinirjev v strogi tajnosti premikala velik objekt

through a desolate countryside.

skozi neobljudeno pokrajino.

With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere

S tem objekotom so želeli pokazati celemu človeštvu

by being the first to conquer outer space.

da so zmožni prvi osvojiti vesolje.

The rocket was huge.

Raketa je bila gromozanska.

And packed in its nose was a silver ball

In v nosu rakete je bila srebrna žoga

with two radios inside.

z dvema radijskima oddajnikoma.

On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.

4. oktobra 1957 so izstrelili raketo.

One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:

Eden izmed Ruskih znanstvenikov je zapisal:

"We are about to create a new planet

"Ustvarili bomo nov planet

that we will call Sputnik.

z imenom Sputnik.

In the olden days, explorers

V stari časih so raziskovalci,

like Vasco da Gama and Columbus

kot naprimer Vasco da Gamma in Kolumb,

had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.

imeli priložnost razširiti meje zemlje,

Now we have the good fortune to open up space.

zdaj imamo priložnost razširiti meje vesolja.

And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."

V prihodnosti nam bodo zavidali, kako srečni smo bili."

You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,

Gledate izseke iz mojega petega dokumentarnega filma "Sputnik"

which is just about completed.

ki bo kmalu končan.

It tells the story of Sputnik,

Govori zgodbo o Sputniku

and the story of what happened to America as a result.

in kaj se je kot rezultat tega zgodilo v Ameriki.

For days after the launch,

Dneve po izstrelitvi

Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.

so vsi občudovali Sputnika.

A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,

Luna, ki jo je izdelal človek in jo je videl vsak navaden človek,

it inspired awe and pride

je navdihnil s ponosom in bojaznijo,

that humans had finally launched an object into space.

da je človek končno izstrelil objekt v vseolje.

But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,

Ampak samo tri dni za tem, na "Rdeči ponedeljek",

the media and the politicians told us,

so nam mediji in politiki razlagali,

and we believed, that Sputnik was proof

in mi smo verjeli, da je Sputnik dokaz

that our enemy had beaten us

da so nas naši sovražniki premagali

in science and technology,

v znanosti in tehnologiji

and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,

in da nas sedaj lahko napadejo z vodikovo bombo

using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.

vstavljeno v Sputnik raketo.

All hell broke loose.

In vrata v pekel so se odprla.

Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --

Sputnik je hitro postal ena izmed treh velikih šokov, ki so zadeli Ameriko -

historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.

zgodovinarji ga enačijo z napadom na Pearl Harbor ali 11. Septembrom.

It provoked the missile gap.

To je izzvalo raketno vrzel.

It exploded an arms race.

Začela se je vojaška tekma.

It began the space race.

In začela se je vesoljska tekma.

Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,

V roku enega leta je kongres povišal vojaški proračun

and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons

in prišli smo iz 1200 jedrskih konic

to 20,000.

do 20.000.

And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.

In reakcije na izstrelitev Sputnika so bile mnogo širše.

For example, some here will remember

Na primer, nekateri od vas se bodo še spomnili

this day, June 1958,

tega dne, junija 1958,

the National Civil Defense Drill,

nacionalna vaja civilne zaščite,

where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.

ko je desetine milijonov ljudi v 78 mestih odšlo v zaklonišča.

Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans

Ali Gallup anketo, ki je pokazala, da sedem od 10. Američanov

believed that a nuclear war would happen,

verjame, da je jedrska vojna resnična nevarnost

and that at least 50 percent of our population

in da bo vsaj 50 odstotkov naše populacije

was going to be killed.

pobite.

But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.

Kljub temu je Sputnik spodbudil tudi prečudovite izzive.

For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship

Na primer, nekateri med vami ste odšli v šolo in dobili štipendijo

because of Sputnik.

zaradi Sputnika.

Support for engineering, math and science --

Podpora za inžinirstvo, matematiko in znanost -

education in general -- boomed.

izobraževanje v splošnem - je zelo narasla.

And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik

Vint Cerf je poudaril, da je Sputnik

led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,

pripeljal direktno do ARPA, ki je pripeljal do interneta,

and, of course, NASA.

in seveda, nastanka agencije NASA.

My feature documentary shows how a free society

Moj dokumentarni film prikazuje, kako je lahko svobodna družba

can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.

zasužnjena s strani ljudi, ki znajo uporabljati medije.

But it also shows how we can turn

Vendar pokaže tudi, kako lahko obrnemo situacijo,

what appears at first to be a bad situation,

ki se sprva zdi slaba,

into something that was overall very good for America.

v nekaj, kar je v splošnem dobro za Ameriko.

"Sputnik" will soon be released.

"Sputnik" bo kmalu izšel.

In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank

Na koncu bi se rad zahvlail

one of my investors:

enemu od mojih investitorjev:

longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.

dolgoletnemu TEDsterju, Jay Walkerju.

And I'd like to thank you all.

In hvala tudi vam.

(Applause).

(aplavz).

Thank you, Chris.

Hvala, Chris.