David Hoffman: Catch Sputnik mania!

17,040 views ใƒป 2008-04-04

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tali Germansky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ,
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกืชืจ ืขืฆื ื’ื“ื•ืœ
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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ื“ืจืš ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืคืจื™ ืฉื•ืžื.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื• ื”ื ืงื™ื•ื• ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื•.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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ื•ื‘ื—ืจื˜ื•ืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื›ืกืฃ
00:40
with two radios inside.
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ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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ื‘-4 ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ, 1957, ื”ื ืฉื™ื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืงื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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ื‘ื™ืžื™-ืงื“ื, ืžื’ืœื™-ืืจืฆื•ืช
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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ื›ืžื• ื•ืกืงื• ื“ื”-ื’ืžื” ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื•ืก
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื™-ืžื–ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ืคืชื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื‘ืจื™-ืžื–ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงื ื ื‘ืื•ืฉืจื ื•."
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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ืืชื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง," ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™,
01:16
which is just about completed.
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ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืฉืœื.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง,
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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ื•ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื ื•.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ,
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืงืจืŸ ื•ื ืคืœื.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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ื™ืจื— ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™-ืื“ื ืฉืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืจ ื™ืจืืช-ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื’ืื•ื•ื”
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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ืฉื‘ื ื™-ืื ื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆื ืœื—ืœืœ.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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ืืš ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื“ื•ื,
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
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ืืžืฆืขื™-ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื•,
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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ื•ื”ืืžื ื• ืœื”ื, ืฉืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื ื•
01:51
in science and technology,
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ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืขืช ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืคืฆืฆื•ืช-ืžื™ืžืŸ,
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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ื”ืฉืชืจืจ ืชื•ื”ื•-ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื•.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ื”ืคืš ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื›ื• ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” --
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื•, ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืคืจืœ-ื”ืจื‘ื•ืจ ืื• 11.9.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืคืขืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืคื— ืืช ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฉ.
02:17
It began the space race.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืœื—ืœืœ.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”, ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืžื™ืžืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื ืฉืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช,
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœื™-ื”ื ืฉืง ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฆืžื— ืž-1,200
02:26
to 20,000.
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ืœ-20,000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ื—ืจื’ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื™-ื ืฉืง.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ื–ื›ืจื•
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1958,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™,
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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ื‘ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘-78 ืขืจื™ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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ืื• ืืช ืกืงืจ ื’ืืœื•ืค ืฉื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš 10 ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื
02:45
believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžืœื—ืžื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืชืคืจื•ืฅ,
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
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ื•ื›ื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 50 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•
02:50
was going to be killed.
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ืชื™ื”ืจื’.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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ืืš ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง ืขื•ืจืจ ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื’ื”
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื“ืขื™ื --
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ -- ืฆืžื— ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืกืจืฃ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืจืค"ื ื•ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ืืก"ื.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœื™ ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื ื•ืก ื‘ื‘ื”ืœื” ืžืคื ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™-ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ื’ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืžืฆื‘ ืจืข,
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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"ืกืคื•ื˜ื ื™ืง" ื™ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืืงืจื ื™ื.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช
03:33
one of my investors:
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ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœื™:
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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ื ืืžืŸ TED ืžื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื’'ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืงืจ.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
03:39
(Applause).
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื).
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ื›ืจื™ืก.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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