The first 21 days of a bee’s life | Anand Varma

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Milenka Okuka

(Music)

(Muzika)

These bees are in my backyard in Berkeley, California.

Ove pčele su u mom dvorištu u Berkliju u Kaliforniji.

Until last year, I'd never kept bees before,

Do prošle godine, nikada nisam držao pčele,

but National Geographic asked me to photograph a story about them,

ali Nacionalna geografija me je zamolila da fotografišem prilog o njima

and I decided, to be able to take compelling images,

i odlučio sam, kako bih napravio uverljive slike,

I should start keeping bees myself.

da treba i sam da držim pčele.

And as you may know,

Kao što možda znate,

bees pollinate one third of our food crops,

pčele oprašuju jednu trećinu naših useva

and lately they've been having a really hard time.

i u poslednje vreme im je prilično teško.

So as a photographer, I wanted to explore what this problem really looks like.

Kao fotograf, želeo sam da istražim kako ovaj problem zapravo izgleda.

So I'm going to show you what I found over the last year.

Pokazaću vam šta sam otkrio tokom prošle godine.

This furry little creature

Ovo čupavo malo stvorenje

is a fresh young bee halfway emerged from its brood cell,

je mlada pčelica koja je izmilela napola iz svog legla

and bees right now are dealing with several different problems,

a pčele trenutno imaju posla sa nekoliko različitih problema,

including pesticides, diseases, and habitat loss,

uključujući pesticide, zaraze i gubitak staništa,

but the single greatest threat is a parasitic mite from Asia,

ali najveća pretnja im je parazitska grinja iz Azije,

Varroa destructor.

Varroa destructor.

And this pinhead-sized mite crawls onto young bees

A ova grinja veličine čiode se prikrade mladim pčelama

and sucks their blood.

i isisava njihovu krv.

This eventually destroys a hive

Ovo na kraju uništava košnicu

because it weakens the immune system of the bees,

jer slabi imuni sistem pčela

and it makes them more vulnerable to stress and disease.

i čini ih još podložnijim stresu i bolestima.

Now, bees are the most sensitive

Pčele su najosetljivije

when they're developing inside their brood cells,

kada se razvijaju unutar svojih ćelija legla

and I wanted to know what that process really looks like,

i želeo sam da znam kako taj proces zaista izgleda

so I teamed up with a bee lab at U.C. Davis

pa sam zajedno sa laboratorijom za pčelarstvo na Univerzitetu Dejvis,

and figured out how to raise bees in front of a camera.

otkrio kako da uzgajam pčele ispred fotoaparata.

I'm going to show you the first 21 days of a bee's life

Pokazaću vam prvi 21 dan u životu pčele

condensed into 60 seconds.

sabijen u 60 sekundi.

This is a bee egg as it hatches into a larva,

Ovo je jaje pčele koje se leže u larvu

and those newly hatched larvae swim around their cells

i sveže izležene larve plivaju u svojim ćelijama,

feeding on this white goo that nurse bees secrete for them.

hraneći se belom tečnošću koju za njih luče pčele dadilje.

Then, their head and their legs slowly differentiate

Onda polako počinju da se razlikuju njihove glave i tela

as they transform into pupae.

dok se transformišu u pupe.

Here's that same pupation process,

Evo istog tog procesa pupljenja

and you can actually see the mites running around in the cells.

i zapravo možete da vidite kako grinje trčkaraju po ćelijama.

Then the tissue in their body reorganizes

Onda se reorganizuje tkivo u njihovim telima

and the pigment slowly develops in their eyes.

i polako se razvija pigment u njihovim očima.

The last step of the process is their skin shrivels up

Poslednji korak procesa je taj da se njihova koža smežura

and they sprout hair.

i narastu im dlake.

(Music)

(Muzika)

So -- (Applause)

Dakle - (Aplauz)

As you can see halfway through that video,

Kako možete videti na polovini tog snimka,

the mites were running around on the baby bees,

grinje su trčale oko malih pčela,

and the way that beekeepers typically manage these mites

a pčelari obično rešavaju problem sa ovim grinjama

is they treat their hives with chemicals.

tako što košnice prskaju hemikalijama.

In the long run, that's bad news,

Na duge staze, to su loše vesti,

so researchers are working on finding alternatives

tako da istraživači rade na pronalaženju alternativnih rešenja

to control these mites.

kako bi se kontrolisale ove grinje.

Ovo je jedno od tih rešenja.

This is one of those alternatives.

It's an experimental breeding program at the USDA Bee Lab in Baton Rouge,

To je eksperimentalni program uzgoja u Laboratoriji za pčele

Ministarstva poljoprivrede SAD u Baton Ružu

and this queen and her attendant bees are part of that program.

a ova kraljica i njene pčele sluge deo su tog programa.

Now, the researchers figured out

Istraživači su otkrili da neke od pčela

that some of the bees have a natural ability to fight mites,

imaju prirodnu sposobnost borbe protiv grinja,

so they set out to breed a line of mite-resistant bees.

pa su krenuli da uzgoje vrstu pčela koja je otporna na grinje.

This is what it takes to breed bees in a lab.

Ovo je potrebno da bi se pčele uzgajale u laboratoriji.

The virgin queen is sedated

Kraljica koja je nevina se uspava

and then artificially inseminated using this precision instrument.

i onda veštački oplodi koristeći ovaj precizni instrument.

Now, this procedure allows the researchers

Ovaj zahvat istraživačima dozvoljava

to control exactly which bees are being crossed,

da kontrolišu tačno koje pčele se ukrštaju

but there's a tradeoff in having this much control.

ali postoji kompromis kada imate ovoliko kontrole.

They succeeded in breeding mite-resistant bees,

Uspeli su da stvore pčele koje su otporne na grinje

but in that process, those bees started to lose traits

ali su u tom procesu te pčele počele da gube svojstva

like their gentleness and their ability to store honey,

poput nežnosti i mogućnosti da čuvaju med,

so to overcome that problem,

pa kako bi zaobišli taj problem,

these researchers are now collaborating with commercial beekeepers.

ovi istraživači sada sarađuju sa komercijalnim pčelarima.

This is Bret Adee opening one of his 72,000 beehives.

Ovo je Bret Adi koji otvara jednu od svojih 72 000 košnica.

He and his brother run the largest beekeeping operation in the world,

On i njegov brat vode najveću pčelarsku operaciju na svetu,

and the USDA is integrating their mite-resistant bees into his operation

i Ministarstvo poljoprivrede SAD ubacuje svoje pčele otporne na grinje u operaciju

with the hope that over time,

nadajući se da će vremenom

they'll be able to select the bees that are not only mite-resistant

moći da odaberu pčele koje su ne samo otporne na grinje,

but also retain all of these qualities that make them useful to us.

već zadržavaju i ostale osobine koje ih čine korisnim za nas.

And to say it like that

Kada se to tako kaže,

makes it sound like we're manipulating and exploiting bees,

ispada kao da manipulišemo pčelama i iskorišćavamo ih,

and the truth is, we've been doing that for thousands of years.

ali istina je da to radimo već hiljadama godina.

We took this wild creature and put it inside of a box,

Uzeli smo ovo divlje stvorenje i stavili smo ga u kutiju,

practically domesticating it,

praktično smo ga pripitomili,

and originally that was so that we could harvest their honey,

i to je prvobitno bilo zbog toga da bismo skupljali njihov med,

but over time we started losing our native pollinators,

ali smo tokom vremena počeli da gubimo prirodne oprašivače

our wild pollinators,

i divlje oprašivače

and there are many places now where those wild pollinators

i sada postoje mnoga mesta gde divlji oprašivači

can no longer meet the pollination demands of our agriculture,

ne mogu više da zadovolje potražnju naše poljoprivrede

so these managed bees have become an integral part of our food system.

tako da su ove ukroćene pčele postale ključni deo našeg sistema hrane.

So when people talk about saving bees,

Kada ljudi pričaju o spašavanju pčela,

my interpretation of that

moje tumačenje toga

is we need to save our relationship to bees,

je da moramo da sačuvamo našu vezu sa pčelama,

and in order to design new solutions,

a kako bismo našli nova rešenja,

we have to understand the basic biology of bees

moramo da razumemo osnovnu biologiju pčela

and understand the effects of stressors that we sometimes cannot see.

kao i efekte stresora koje ponekad ne možemo da vidimo.

In other words, we have to understand bees up close.

Drugim rečima, moramo da pčele razumemo izbliza.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)