The first 21 days of a bee’s life | Anand Varma

Prevoditelj: Ivan Balić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

(Music)

(Glazba)

These bees are in my backyard in Berkeley, California.

Ove su pčele u mom dvorištu u Berkeleyu, Kalifornija.

Until last year, I'd never kept bees before,

Do prošle godine, nisam nikad držao pčele,

but National Geographic asked me to photograph a story about them,

ali me National Geographic pitao da napravim fotografsku priču o njima.

and I decided, to be able to take compelling images,

i ja sam odlučio, kako bih mogao napraviti neodoljive slike

I should start keeping bees myself.

trebam sam uzgajati pčele.

And as you may know,

I kao što znate

bees pollinate one third of our food crops,

pčele oprašuju jednu trećinu naših prehrambenih usjeva

and lately they've been having a really hard time.

i u posljednje vrijeme im je teško.

So as a photographer, I wanted to explore what this problem really looks like.

Tako sam kao fotograf htio istražiti kako taj problem zapravo izgleda.

So I'm going to show you what I found over the last year.

Zato ću vam pokazati što sam otkrio prošle godine

This furry little creature

Ovo malo dlakavo stvorenje

is a fresh young bee halfway emerged from its brood cell,

je svježa mlada pčela napola izašla iz svoje stanice legla

and bees right now are dealing with several different problems,

i pčele se sada suočavaju sa nekoliko različitih problema

including pesticides, diseases, and habitat loss,

uključujući pesticide, bolesti i gubljenje staništa.

but the single greatest threat is a parasitic mite from Asia,

ali najveća prijetnja im je parazitski moljac iz Azije,

Varroa destructor.

Varroa destructor.

And this pinhead-sized mite crawls onto young bees

I ovaj moljac veličine vrha igle napada mlade pčele

and sucks their blood.

i sisa im krv.

This eventually destroys a hive

To na kraju uništi košnicu

because it weakens the immune system of the bees,

zato što oslabljuje imunološki su stav pčela,

and it makes them more vulnerable to stress and disease.

i čini ih osjetljivijima na stres i bolesti.

Now, bees are the most sensitive

Pčele su najosjetljivije

when they're developing inside their brood cells,

kada se razvijaju unutar svoje stanice legla

and I wanted to know what that process really looks like,

i htio sam znati kako taj proces zapravo izgleda

so I teamed up with a bee lab at U.C. Davis

pa sam se udružio sa labaratorijem za pčele u U.C.Davisu

and figured out how to raise bees in front of a camera.

i otkrio kako uzgojiti pčelu ispred kamere.

I'm going to show you the first 21 days of a bee's life

Pokazat ću vam prvih 21 dana u životu pčele

condensed into 60 seconds.

sažetih u 60 sekundi.

This is a bee egg as it hatches into a larva,

Ovo je jajašce pčele koje se liježe u larvu.

and those newly hatched larvae swim around their cells

i te novosnesene larve plivaju unutar svojih stanica

feeding on this white goo that nurse bees secrete for them.

hraneći se bijelom smjesom koju pčele dadilje izlučuju za njih.

Then, their head and their legs slowly differentiate

Zatim se njihova glava i noge polako diferenciraju

as they transform into pupae.

kada se preoblikuju u kukuljice.

Here's that same pupation process,

Ovdje je taj isti proes zakukuljivanja

and you can actually see the mites running around in the cells.

i možete vidjeti moljce kako se kreću okolo u stanicama.

Then the tissue in their body reorganizes

Zatim se tkivo u njihovom tijelu reorganizira

and the pigment slowly develops in their eyes.

i polako se razvija pigment u njihovim očima.

The last step of the process is their skin shrivels up

Zadnji korak u procesu je smežuravanje njihove kože

and they sprout hair.

i izrastanje dlake.

(Music)

(Glazba)

So -- (Applause)

Stoga -- (Pljesak)

As you can see halfway through that video,

Kao što možete vidjeti tijekom polovice tog vide a

the mites were running around on the baby bees,

moljci su se kretali okolo na mladim pčelama,

and the way that beekeepers typically manage these mites

i način na koji su pčelari uglavnom tretirali te moljce

is they treat their hives with chemicals.

je tretiranje košnica sa kemikalijama.

In the long run, that's bad news,

Na duže vrijeme, to su loše vijesti,

so researchers are working on finding alternatives

pa istraživaći rade na pronalasku alternativa

to control these mites.

za obuzdavanje tih moljaca.

This is one of those alternatives.

Ovo je jedna od tih alternativa.

It's an experimental breeding program at the USDA Bee Lab in Baton Rouge,

To je eksperimentalni program uzgoja na USDA labaratoriju pčela u Baton Rougeu

and this queen and her attendant bees are part of that program.

i ova matica i pčele oko nje su dio ovog programa

Now, the researchers figured out

Istraživači su otkrili

that some of the bees have a natural ability to fight mites,

da neke od ovih pčela imaju prirodnu sposobnost borbe protiv moljaca

so they set out to breed a line of mite-resistant bees.

pa su krenuli u uzgoj linije pčela otpornih na moljca

This is what it takes to breed bees in a lab.

Evo što je potrebno za uzgoj pčela u labaratoriju

The virgin queen is sedated

Maticu koja je djevica se umiri

and then artificially inseminated using this precision instrument.

i zatim ju se umjetno osjemenjuje koristeći ovaj precizni instrument

Now, this procedure allows the researchers

Ovaj postupak omogućava istraživačima

to control exactly which bees are being crossed,

da kontroliraju koje će točno pčele križati

but there's a tradeoff in having this much control.

ali postoji nedostatak u posjedovanju tolike kontrole

They succeeded in breeding mite-resistant bees,

Oni su uspjeli u uzgoju pčela otpornih na moljca,

but in that process, those bees started to lose traits

ali u tom postupku, te pčele su počele gubiti osobine

like their gentleness and their ability to store honey,

poput njihove nježnosti i mogućnosti skladištenja meda

so to overcome that problem,

Da bi riješili taj problem

these researchers are now collaborating with commercial beekeepers.

ovi istraživači sada surađuju sa pčelarima trgovcima.

This is Bret Adee opening one of his 72,000 beehives.

Ovdje Bret Adee otvara jednu od svojih 72.000 košnica.

He and his brother run the largest beekeeping operation in the world,

On i njegov brat vode najveću operaciju očuvanja pčela u svijetu,

and the USDA is integrating their mite-resistant bees into his operation

i USDA integrira svoje pčele otporne na moljce u njihovu operaciju

with the hope that over time,

s nadom da će tokom vremena,

they'll be able to select the bees that are not only mite-resistant

biti u mogućnosti odabrati pčele koje ne samo da su otporne na moljca

but also retain all of these qualities that make them useful to us.

nego i zadržavaju sve svoje kvalitete koje su nama korisne.

And to say it like that

I kada to tako kažem

makes it sound like we're manipulating and exploiting bees,

zvuči kao da manipuliramo i iskorištavamo pčele,

and the truth is, we've been doing that for thousands of years.

a istina je, da to radimo već tisućama godina

We took this wild creature and put it inside of a box,

Uzimamo ovo divlje stvorenje i stavljamo unutar kutije,

practically domesticating it,

praktički ga pripitomljujemo,

and originally that was so that we could harvest their honey,

i u početku je to bilo s namjerom da prikupljamo njihov med

but over time we started losing our native pollinators,

ali s vremenom počeli smo gubiti naše autohtone oprašivače.

our wild pollinators,

naše divlje oprašivače,

and there are many places now where those wild pollinators

i danas postoje mnoga mjesta gdje ti divlji oprašivači

can no longer meet the pollination demands of our agriculture,

ne mogu izvršiti oprašivanje koje je potrebno za našu poljoprivredu,

so these managed bees have become an integral part of our food system.

pa su te uzgojene pčele postale sastavni dio našeg prehrambenog sustava.

So when people talk about saving bees,

Pa kada ljudi govore o očuvanju pčela

my interpretation of that

moje tumačenje toga

is we need to save our relationship to bees,

je da moramo sačuvati našu vezu sa pčelama

and in order to design new solutions,

i kako bi izradili nova rješenja,

we have to understand the basic biology of bees

moramo razumjeti osnovnu biologiju pčela

and understand the effects of stressors that we sometimes cannot see.

i razumjeti učinke stresora koje nekad ne možemo vidjeti

In other words, we have to understand bees up close.

Drugim riječima, moramo jako dobro razumjeti pčele.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Pljesak)

(Applause)