How movies teach manhood | Colin Stokes

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

Translator: Nika Ambrožič Reviewer: Lenka Tušar

You know, my favorite part of being a dad

Veste, moj najljubši del očetovstva

is the movies I get to watch.

so filmi, ki si jih lahko ogledam.

I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids,

Zelo rad gledam moje najljubše filme z mojimi otroci.

and when my daughter was four,

Ko je bila moja hči stara štiri leta,

we got to watch "The Wizard of Oz" together.

sva skupaj gledala "Čarovnika iz Oza".

It totally dominated her imagination for months.

Za več mesecev je popolnoma prevzel njeno domišljijo.

Her favorite character was Glinda, of course.

Njen najljubši lik je bil jasno Glenda.

It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress

To je bil izgovor, da je lahko nosila bleščečo oblekico

and carry a wand.

in imela čarobno palico.

But you watch that movie enough times,

Ampak, če si ta film dovoljkrat pogledaš,

and you start to realize how unusual it is.

ugotoviš, kako nenavaden je.

Now we live today, and are raising our children,

Danes živimo in vzgajamo svoje otroke

in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex.

v nekakšnem spektakularnem industrijskem kompleksu otroške domišljije.

But "The Wizard of Oz" stood alone.

A "Čarovnik iz Oza" je bil edinstven.

It did not start that trend.

Ni začel tega trenda.

Forty years later was when the trend really caught on,

Štirideset let kasneje se je trend res prijel

with, interestingly, another movie

s filmom, v katerem, to je zanimivo,

that featured a metal guy

najdemo kovinskega tipa

and a furry guy

in kosmatega tipa,

rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards.

ki reši princeso v oblačilih sovražnikovih stražarjev.

Do you know what I'm talking about? (Laughter)

Ali veste o čem govorim? (smeh)

Yeah.

Ja.

Now, there's a big difference between these two movies,

No, med tema dvema filmoma je velika razlika,

a couple of really big differences between "The Wizard of Oz"

nekaj zelo velikih razlik med "Čarovnikom iz Oza"

and all the movies we watch today.

in filmi, ki jih gledamo danes.

One is there's very little violence in "The Wizard of Oz."

Ena je, da je v "Čarovniku iz Oza" zelo malo nasilja.

The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees.

Opice so še kar nasilne kot tudi jablane.

But I think if "The Wizard of Oz" were made today,

Zdi se mi, da, če bi "Čarovnika iz Oza" posneli danes,

the wizard would say, "Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz

bi čarovnik rekel: "Doroteja, ti si rešiteljica Oza,

that the prophecy foretold.

ki jo je prerokba napovedala.

Use your magic slippers to defeat

Uporabi svoje čarobne čeveljce in premagaj

the computer-generated armies of the Wicked Witch."

računalniško ustvarjene vojske Zlobne čarovnice.

But that's not how it happens.

A tako se ne zgodi.

Another thing that's really unique about "The Wizard of Oz"

Še nekaj edinstvenega na " Čarovniku iz Oza"

to me is that all of the most heroic

se mi zdi, da so vse od najbolj junaških,

and wise and even villainous characters

modrih in celo zlobnih likov

are female.

ženske.

Now I started to notice this

To sem pravzaprav začel opažati,

when I actually showed "Star Wars" to my daughter,

ko sem svoji hčeri pokazal "Vojno zvezd".

which was years later, and the situation was different.

To je bilo leta kasneje in je bila situacija drugačna.

At that point I also had a son.

Takrat sem tudi že imel sina.

He was only three at the time.

Takrat je imel le tri leta.

He was not invited to the screening. He was too young for that.

Ni bil povabljen na predvajanje filma. Je bil premajhen za to.

But he was the second child,

A bil je drugi otrok

and the level of supervision had plummeted. (Laughter)

in stopnja nadzora se je močno zmanjšala. (smeh)

So he wandered in,

Pritaval je v sobo

and it imprinted on him

in nanj je naredilo vtis,

like a mommy duck does to its duckling,

kot se mama raca vtisne v svoje račke,

and I don't think he understands what's going on,

in mislim, da ni razumel, kaj se dogaja,

but he is sure soaking in it.

ampak prav gotovo je to srkal vase.

And I wonder what he's soaking in.

In zanimalo me je, kaj opaža.

Is he picking up on the themes of courage

Ali opaža temo poguma,

and perseverance and loyalty?

vztrajnosti in zvestobe?

Is he picking up on the fact that Luke

Ali opaža dejstvo, da se Luke

joins an army to overthrow the government?

pridruži vojski, da bi povzročil padec vlade?

Is he picking up on the fact that

Ali opaža,

there are only boys in the universe

da so v vesolju samo fantje

except for Aunt Beru, and of course this princess,

razen tete Beru in seveda te princese,

who's really cool, but who kind of waits around through most of the movie

ki je res kul, ampak večino filma nekako čaka,

so that she can award the hero with a medal and a wink

da lahko junaku podari medaljo in mežik,

to thank him for saving the universe, which he does

da bi se mu zahvalila, ker je rešil vesolje, kar je storil

by the magic that he was born with?

s pomočjo čarovnije, s katero se je rodil?

Compare this to 1939 with "The Wizard of Oz."

Primerjajte to s "Čarovnikom iz Oza" iz leta 1939.

How does Dorothy win her movie?

Kako Doroteja zmaga v svojem filmu?

By making friends with everybody

Z vsemi se spoprijatelji

and being a leader.

in postane vodja.

That's kind of the world I'd rather raise my kids in --

V takem svetu bi veliko raje vzgajal svoje otroke,

Oz, right? -- and not the world of dudes fighting,

v Ozu, kajne? In ne v filmu, kjer se tipi pretepajo,

which is where we kind of have to be.

kjer nekako moramo biti.

Why is there so much Force -- capital F, Force --

Zakaj je toliko Sile - z veliko začetnico; SIle -

in the movies we have for our kids,

v otroških filmih

and so little yellow brick road?

in tako malo rumene ceste?

There is a lot of great writing about the impact

Veliko dobrega je napisanega o vplivu

that the boy-violent movie has on girls,

fantovskih nasilnih filmih na dekleta,

and you should do that reading. It's very good.

kar preberite si. Zelo je zanimivo.

I haven't read as much on how boys are picking up on this vibe.

Nisem še prebral veliko o tem, kako to vpliva na fante.

I know from my own experience that

Iz lastnih izkušenj vem,

Princess Leia did not provide the adequate context

da princesa Leja ni dala dovolj dobrega konteksta,

that I could have used in navigating the adult world

da bi to lahko uporabil, da bi se znajdel v svetu odraslih,

that is co-ed. (Laughter)

ki združuje moške in ženske. (smeh)

I think there was a first-kiss moment

Msilim, da sem v trenutku prvega poljuba

when I really expected the credits to start rolling

pričakoval, da se bo odvila zaključna špica,

because that's the end of the movie, right?

ker je to konec filma, kajne?

I finished my quest, I got the girl.

Dokončal sem svoje poslanstvo, dobil sem dekle.

Why are you still standing there?

Zakaj še kar stojiš tam?

I don't know what I'm supposed to do.

Nisem vedel, kaj naj bi.

The movies are very, very focused on defeating the villain

Filmi so zelo zelo osredotočeni na to, da se premaga zlo

and getting your reward, and there's not a lot of room

in se dobi nagrado. Ni veliko prostora za

for other relationships and other journeys.

druga razmerja in druga potovanja.

It's almost as though if you're a boy,

Zdi se, da, če si fant,

you are a dopey animal,

si butasta žival,

and if you are a girl, you should bring your warrior costume.

če si dekle, moraš s seboj prinesti svoj bojevniški kostum.

There are plenty of exceptions,

Ogromno izjem je

and I will defend the Disney princesses in front of any you.

in pred komerkoli od vas bom branil Disneyjeve princese.

But they do send a message to boys,

A fantom pošiljajo sporočila,

that they are not, the boys are not really the target audience.

da niso, fantje niso ciljna publika.

They are doing a phenomenal job of teaching girls

Neverjetno dobro učijo dekleta,

how to defend against the patriarchy,

kako se boriti proti patriarhiji,

but they are not necessarily showing boys

a ne pokažejo nujno, kako se morajo fantje

how they're supposed to defend against the patriarchy.

boriti proti patriarhiji.

There's no models for them.

Za njih ni vzornikov.

And we also have some terrific women

Imamo nekaj prekrasnih žensk,

who are writing new stories for our kids,

ki za naše otroke pišejo nove zgodbe,

and as three-dimensional and delightful as Hermione and Katniss are,

in čeprav sta Hermiona ali Katniss zelo tri-dimnezionalni in očarljivi,

these are still war movies.

so to še vedno vojni filmi.

And, of course, the most successful studio of all time

In, jasno, najbolj uspešen studio vseh časov

continues to crank out classic after classic,

še naprej izdaja klasiko za klasiko

every single one of them about

in vsaka izmed njih govori

the journey of a boy, or a man,

o potovanju fanta ali moškega

or two men who are friends, or a man and his son,

ali dveh moških prijateljev ali moškega in njegovega sina

or two men who are raising a little girl.

ali dveh moških, ki vzgajata majhno punčko.

Until, as many of you are thinking, this year,

Dokler niso letos, o čemur vas veliko razmišlja,

when they finally came out with "Brave."

končno naredili "Pogum".

I recommend it to all of you. It's on demand now.

Vsem vam ga priporočam. Trenutno je v povpraševanju.

Do you remember what the critics said when "Brave" came out?

Ali se spomnite, kaj so kritiki rekli, ko je "Pogum" izšel?

"Aw, I can't believe Pixar made a princess movie."

"Oh, ne morem verjeti, da je Pixar naredil film o princesi."

It's very good. Don't let that stop you.

Zelo je dober. Ne pustite si, da vas to ustavi.

Now, almost none of these movies pass the Bechdel Test.

No, skoraj noben izmed teh filmov ne prestane Bechdelovega testa.

I don't know if you've heard of this.

Ne vem, če ste že slišali zanj.

It has not yet caught on and caught fire,

Ni se še prijel ali vnel debate,

but maybe today we will start a movement.

a morda bomo danes začeli gibanje.

Alison Bechdel is a comic book artist,

Alison Bechedel ustvarja stripe

and back in the mid-'80s, she recorded this conversation

in v sredini 80-ih je posnela pogovor

she'd had with a friend about assessing the movies that they saw.

s svojo prijateljico, v katerem ocenjujeta filme, ki sta si jih ogledali.

And it's very simple. There's just three questions you should ask:

Zelo preprosto je. Samo tri vprašanja si morate postaviti:

Is there more than one character in the movie

Ali je v filmu več kot en lik,

that is female who has lines?

ki je ženska in kaj reče.

So try to meet that bar.

Poskusite doseči to merilo.

And do these women talk to each other at any point in the movie?

In, ali se te ženske med seboj v kateremkoli delu filma pogovarjajo med seboj?

And is their conversation about something other than

In, ali je njun pogovor o čem drugem

the guy that they both like? (Laughter)

kot o fantu, ki jima je obema všeč? (smeh)

Right? Thank you. (Applause)

Kajne? Hvala. (aplavz)

Thank you very much.

Najlepša hvala.

Two women who exist and talk to each other about stuff.

Dve ženski, ki obstajata in se pogovarjata o nečem.

It does happen. I've seen it,

Zgodi se. Videl sem že to,

and yet I very rarely see it in the movies

a zelo redko to vidim v filmih,

that we know and love.

ki jih vsi poznamo in jih imamo tako zelo radi.

In fact, this week I went to see

Pravzaprav sem si ta teden ogledal

a very high-quality movie, "Argo."

zelo kvaliteten film "Argo".

Right? Oscar buzz, doing great at the box office,

Kajne? Hvalili so ga na Oskarjih, dobro je služil.

a consensus idea of what a quality Hollywood film is.

Splošno mnenje je, da je to kvaliteten hollywoodski film.

It pretty much flunks the Bechdel test.

Bolj kot ne pogrne na Bechedelovem testu.

And I don't think it should, because a lot of the movie,

In mislim, da ne bi smel, ker je večina filma,

I don't know if you've seen it, but a lot of the movie

ne vem, če ste ga videli, a večina

takes place in this embassy where men and women

se dogaja na ambasadi, na kateri se moški in ženske

are hiding out during the hostage crisis.

skrivajo med situacijo s talci.

We've got quite a few scenes of the men

V nekaj scenah imajo moški

having deep, angst-ridden conversations in this hideout,

globoke tesnobne pogovore v skrivališču

and the great moment for one of the actresses is

in najboljši trenutek ene izmed igralk je,

to peek through the door and say, "Are you coming to bed, honey?"

ko pogleda skozi vrata in reče "Prideš v posteljo, ljubček?"

That's Hollywood for you.

To je Hollywood.

So let's look at the numbers.

Poglejmo si številke.

2011, of the 100 most popular movies,

Koliko od 10o najbolj popularnih filmov v letu 2011

how many of them do you think actually have female protagonists?

mislite, da je glavno vlogo imela ženska.

Eleven. It's not bad.

Enajst. Ni slabo.

It's not as many percent as the number of women

Ni toliko procentov, kolikor je žensk

we've just elected to Congress, so that's good.

v na novo izvoljenem Kongresu, kar je dobro.

But there is a number that is greater than this

A obstaja še večja številka,

that's going to bring this room down.

ki bo to sobo potrla.

Last year, The New York Times published a study

Lansko leto je "The New York Times" objavil raziskavo,

that the government had done.

ki jo je opravila vlada.

Here's what it said.

Pokazala je tole.

One out of five women in America

Vsaka peta ženska v Ameriki

say that they have been sexually assaulted some time in their life.

pravi, da so jo spolno zlorabili enkrat v življenju.

Now, I don't think that's the fault of popular entertainment.

No, ne mislim, da je za to kriva splošna zabava.

I don't think kids' movies have anything to do with that.

Mislim, da otroški filmi niso imeli ničesar s tem.

I don't even think that

Ne mislim niti,

music videos or pornography are really directly related to that,

da so s tem neposredno povezani glasbeni videi ali pornografija,

but something is going wrong,

ampak nekaj je narobe

and when I hear that statistic,

in, ko slišim te podatke,

one of the things I think of is

pomislim na to,

that's a lot of sexual assailants.

da je veliko spolnih napadalcev.

Who are these guys? What are they learning?

Kdo so ti tipi? Kaj se učijo?

What are they failing to learn?

Česa se ne naučijo?

Are they absorbing the story that

Ali srkajo zgodbo,

a male hero's job is to defeat the villain with violence

da je naloga moškega junaka, da premaga zlo z nasiljem

and then collect the reward, which is a woman

in potem pobere nagrado, kar je ženska,

who has no friends and doesn't speak?

ki nima prijateljev in ne govori?

Are we soaking up that story?

Ali si mi zapomnimo to zgodbo?

You know,

Veste,

as a parent with the privilege

kot starš, ki ima privilegij,

of raising a daughter

da vzgajam hči,

like all of you who are doing the same thing,

kot vsi vi, ki počnete isto,

we find this world and this statistic very alarming

se mi zdi ta svet in ta statistika zelo skrb vzbujajoča

and we want to prepare them.

in rad bi jo pripravil na to.

We have tools at our disposal like "girl power,"

Na razpolago imam orodje kot je "ženska moč"

and we hope that that will help,

in upamo, da bo to pomagalo,

but I gotta wonder, is girl power going to protect them

a moram se vprašati, ali jih bo ta moč zaščitila,

if, at the same time, actively or passively,

če naenkrat, aktivno in pasivno,

we are training our sons to maintain their boy power?

poučujemo svoje sinove, da naj vzdržujejo svojo moško moč?

I mean, I think the Netflix queue

Mislim, da je najemanje filmov

is one way that we can do something very important,

eden izmed načinov, kako lahko storimo nekaj zelo pomembnega,

and I'm talking mainly to the dads here.

in zdaj govorim predvsem očetom.

I think we have got to show our sons

Mislim, da moramo svojim sinovom

a new definition of manhood.

pokazati novo definicijo moškosti.

The definition of manhood is already turning upside down.

Ta definicija je že tako ali tako popolnoma spremenjena.

You've read about how the new economy

Brali ste o tem, kako ekonomija spreminja

is changing the roles of caregiver and wage earner.

vloge tistega, ki služi, in tistega, ki skrbi za dom in družino.

They're throwing it up in the air.

Vse se je postavilo na glavo.

So our sons are going to have to find some way

Naši sinovi bodo morali najti nekakšen način,

of adapting to this, some new relationship with each other,

da se bodo na to prilagodili. Nek nov odnos z drugimi,

and I think we really have to show them, and model for them,

ki jim ga bomo, mislim da, morali pokazati in izvajati mi.

how a real man

Kako pravi moški

is someone who trusts his sisters

zaupa svoji sestri

and respects them, and wants to be on their team,

in jo spoštuje in želi biti na njeni strani

and stands up against the real bad guys,

in se postavi po robu res slabim fantom,

who are the men who want to abuse the women.

to so moški, ki želijo zlorabljati ženske.

And I think our job in the Netflix queue

In mislim, da je naša naloga pri najemanju filmov,

is to look out for those movies that pass the Bechdel Test,

da poiščemo tiste filme, ki prestanejo Bechedelov test,

if we can find them, and to seek out the heroines

če jih lahko najdemo, in da najdemo junakinje,

who are there,

ki so tam,

who show real courage, who bring people together,

ki pokažejo pravi pogum, ki združujejo ljudi,

and to nudge our sons to identify with those heroines

in sinovom namignemo, da se lahko z njimi poistovetijo

and to say, "I want to be on their team,"

in rečejo: "Hočem biti na njeni strani.",

because they're going to be on their team.

ker bodo na njeni strani.

When I asked my daughter who her favorite character was in "Star Wars,"

Ko sem hči vprašal, kdo je njen najljubši lik iz " Vojne zvezd",

do you know what she said?

veste, kaj je rekla?

Obi-Wan.

Obi-Wan.

Obi-Wan Kenobi and Glinda.

Obi-Wan Kenobi in Glinda.

What do these two have in common?

Kaj imata ta dva skupnega?

Maybe it's not just the sparkly dress.

Morda ne le bleščeča obleka.

I think these people are experts.

Mislim, da sta strokovnjaka.

I think these are the two people in the movie

Mislim, da sta to človeka, ki v filmu

who know more than anybody else,

vesta več kot kdorkoli drug

and they love sharing their knowledge with other people

in ki svoje znanje rada delita z drugimi ljudmi,

to help them reach their potential.

da bi ti dosegli svoj potencial.

Now, they are leaders.

Vodji sta.

I like that kind of quest for my daughter,

Za hči bi rad videl, da ima tako nalogo,

and I like that kind of quest for my son.

in za sina bi rad videl, da ima tako nalogo.

I want more quests like that.

Več takih nalog si želim.

I want fewer quests where my son is told,

Manj nalog, pri katerih bi se mojemu sinu reklo:

"Go out and fight it alone,"

"Pojdi in se bori sam,"

and more quests where he sees that it's his job to join a team,

in več takih, kjer se mora pridružiti ekipi,

maybe a team led by women,

ki jo morda vodi ženska,

to help other people become better

da bi drugim ljudem pomagali postati boljši

and be better people,

in da bi sami bili boljši.

like the Wizard of Oz.

kot v "Čarovniku iz Oza".

Thank you.

Hvala.