How movies teach manhood | Colin Stokes

3,359,215 views ・ 2013-01-18

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00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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譯者: Bert Chen 審譯者: Tom Tao
00:15
You know, my favorite part of being a dad
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身為一個父親 我最喜歡的就是
00:18
is the movies I get to watch.
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看電影
00:21
I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids,
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我喜歡與孩子一起看我最愛的電影
00:23
and when my daughter was four,
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我女兒四歲時
00:25
we got to watch "The Wizard of Oz" together.
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我們一起看”綠野仙蹤”
00:28
It totally dominated her imagination for months.
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讓她有好幾個月都沉浸在幻想裡
00:32
Her favorite character was Glinda, of course.
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當然 她最喜歡葛琳達
00:35
It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress
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所以她也想學葛琳達 穿上閃亮的衣服
00:37
and carry a wand.
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拿著魔杖
00:39
But you watch that movie enough times,
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但是這部電影你看很多次之後
00:41
and you start to realize how unusual it is.
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你就會開始發現這部電影很特別
00:43
Now we live today, and are raising our children,
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今天我們生活 養育小孩
00:45
in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex.
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都是在一種夾雜著小孩幻想的工業複合世界之中
00:52
But "The Wizard of Oz" stood alone.
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但”綠野仙蹤”獨樹一格
00:53
It did not start that trend.
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並沒有那種傾向
00:56
Forty years later was when the trend really caught on,
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這種趨勢四十年後才開始流行
00:59
with, interestingly, another movie
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有趣的是 另一部電影
01:01
that featured a metal guy
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有一個機器人
01:04
and a furry guy
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和一隻毛茸茸的動物
01:05
rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards.
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打扮成敵營守衛 救出一位女孩
01:10
Do you know what I'm talking about? (Laughter)
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你知道我在說什麼嗎?(笑聲)
01:13
Yeah.
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沒錯
01:14
Now, there's a big difference between these two movies,
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這兩部電影之間有一個很大的差異
01:18
a couple of really big differences between "The Wizard of Oz"
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跟”綠野仙蹤”有兩三個很大的差異
01:20
and all the movies we watch today.
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跟我們現在看的電影也是
01:21
One is there's very little violence in "The Wizard of Oz."
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其中一個差異就是”綠野仙蹤”有點暴力
01:24
The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees.
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猴子和蘋果樹都很兇
01:29
But I think if "The Wizard of Oz" were made today,
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但是我想如果今天要拍”綠野仙蹤”
01:33
the wizard would say, "Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz
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女巫會說:桃樂絲 你是奧茲王國的救星
01:37
that the prophecy foretold.
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就如預言所說
01:39
Use your magic slippers to defeat
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用你的魔法鞋打敗
01:41
the computer-generated armies of the Wicked Witch."
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壞女巫的動畫大軍
01:45
But that's not how it happens.
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但事實上不是這樣
01:46
Another thing that's really unique about "The Wizard of Oz"
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“綠野仙蹤”真的很特別
01:49
to me is that all of the most heroic
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對我來說 所有非常英勇
01:52
and wise and even villainous characters
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絕頂聰明 甚至是窮兇惡極的角色
01:55
are female.
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都是女性
01:59
Now I started to notice this
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現在我開始注意到這一點
02:01
when I actually showed "Star Wars" to my daughter,
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我給我女兒看過“星際大戰”
02:04
which was years later, and the situation was different.
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在幾年過後 情況也不同了
02:07
At that point I also had a son.
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那時 我已經有一個兒子
02:10
He was only three at the time.
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當時 他還只有三歲
02:12
He was not invited to the screening. He was too young for that.
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我不讓他一起看 年紀還太小 還不適合
02:16
But he was the second child,
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但他是我第二個小孩
02:17
and the level of supervision had plummeted. (Laughter)
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我已經沒有力氣管這麼多(笑聲)
02:21
So he wandered in,
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所以他就在周圍徘徊
02:25
and it imprinted on him
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這部電影讓他印象深刻
02:29
like a mommy duck does to its duckling,
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就跟著有樣學樣
02:34
and I don't think he understands what's going on,
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我認為他不知道發生什麼事了
02:38
but he is sure soaking in it.
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但他就是很喜歡
02:41
And I wonder what he's soaking in.
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我還不知道是什麼東西讓他這麼著迷
02:43
Is he picking up on the themes of courage
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他知道這部電影的主題是勇氣
02:45
and perseverance and loyalty?
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堅韌和忠誠?
02:47
Is he picking up on the fact that Luke
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還是他知道路克
02:50
joins an army to overthrow the government?
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加入軍團 企圖推翻帝國政府?
02:55
Is he picking up on the fact that
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還是他知道
02:57
there are only boys in the universe
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在”星際大戰”裡 只有男性角色
03:00
except for Aunt Beru, and of course this princess,
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除了Aunt Beru和莉亞公主
03:03
who's really cool, but who kind of waits around through most of the movie
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她真的很酷 但在電影裡她多半只是在一旁等待
03:08
so that she can award the hero with a medal and a wink
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所以她才會用獎牌和媚眼獎勵英雄
03:11
to thank him for saving the universe, which he does
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感謝他拯救宇宙
03:13
by the magic that he was born with?
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用他與生俱來的魔法?
03:17
Compare this to 1939 with "The Wizard of Oz."
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相較1939年的”綠野仙蹤”
03:20
How does Dorothy win her movie?
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在電影裡 桃樂絲最後是如何獲勝?
03:22
By making friends with everybody
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當然是與人交好
03:25
and being a leader.
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成為一位領袖
03:27
That's kind of the world I'd rather raise my kids in --
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我就是想讓我的小孩活在那種世界
03:30
Oz, right? -- and not the world of dudes fighting,
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就像奧茲王國 對吧?而不是吵吵鬧鬧的世界
03:34
which is where we kind of have to be.
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我們現在就有點像生活在那種世界
03:36
Why is there so much Force -- capital F, Force --
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為什麼有這麼多”壓力”(現實)
03:40
in the movies we have for our kids,
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在現在我們為這些小孩準備的電影裡
03:42
and so little yellow brick road?
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卻很少有寓意希望的黃磚路呢?
03:44
There is a lot of great writing about the impact
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有很多相當好的研究
03:47
that the boy-violent movie has on girls,
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討論男性暴力的電影對女性造成的影響
03:52
and you should do that reading. It's very good.
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大家應該去看看這些文章 很有幫助
03:54
I haven't read as much on how boys are picking up on this vibe.
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我還不知道男生有沒有這種感覺
03:59
I know from my own experience that
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根據我自己的經驗
04:02
Princess Leia did not provide the adequate context
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我知道莉亞公主沒有適當的背景
04:07
that I could have used in navigating the adult world
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能讓我導引小孩進入成人世界
04:12
that is co-ed. (Laughter)
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成人世界是有男有女的(笑聲)
04:16
I think there was a first-kiss moment
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電影裡出現初吻的那一刻
04:19
when I really expected the credits to start rolling
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我很希望開始播電影演員表
04:23
because that's the end of the movie, right?
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因為這樣就表示電影結束了 對吧?
04:25
I finished my quest, I got the girl.
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電影結束了 我問我女兒
04:28
Why are you still standing there?
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你怎麼還站在那裡?
04:31
I don't know what I'm supposed to do.
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我不知道該怎麼辦
04:32
The movies are very, very focused on defeating the villain
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這幾部電影的重點在於打敗敵人
04:36
and getting your reward, and there's not a lot of room
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得到獎賞 沒有太多空間
04:38
for other relationships and other journeys.
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留給其他角色的感情關係和旅程
04:41
It's almost as though if you're a boy,
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就好像如果你是男孩
04:43
you are a dopey animal,
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你就是很笨的動物
04:45
and if you are a girl, you should bring your warrior costume.
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如果你是女孩 就應該披上戰袍
04:50
There are plenty of exceptions,
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還有很多例外
04:52
and I will defend the Disney princesses in front of any you.
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我會在你們每一位面前保護迪士尼電影裡的公主
04:57
But they do send a message to boys,
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但這些電影也傳達一種訊息給男孩
05:00
that they are not, the boys are not really the target audience.
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他們並不是目標觀眾
05:03
They are doing a phenomenal job of teaching girls
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這些電影非常有意義 教導女孩
05:05
how to defend against the patriarchy,
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如何在父權社會保護自己
05:09
but they are not necessarily showing boys
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但不一定要讓男孩們知道
05:11
how they're supposed to defend against the patriarchy.
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在父權社會他們應該如何保護自己
05:13
There's no models for them.
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他們沒有任何的榜樣
05:16
And we also have some terrific women
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我們也有幾位了不起的女性
05:19
who are writing new stories for our kids,
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再寫一些新的故事給小孩看
05:21
and as three-dimensional and delightful as Hermione and Katniss are,
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就像妙麗和凱妮絲 都是那些故事中的女主角
05:26
these are still war movies.
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這幾部仍是戰爭電影
05:28
And, of course, the most successful studio of all time
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當然 有史以來最成功的電影製片公司
05:32
continues to crank out classic after classic,
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不斷有經典作品產出
05:36
every single one of them about
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每一部經典電影
05:39
the journey of a boy, or a man,
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不是一個男孩或是男人的旅程
05:43
or two men who are friends, or a man and his son,
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就是兩個男性友人或一對父子的旅程
05:46
or two men who are raising a little girl.
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再不然就是兩個男人撫養一個小女孩的故事
05:50
Until, as many of you are thinking, this year,
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跟你們想的一樣 直到今年
05:54
when they finally came out with "Brave."
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他們終於出版“勇敢傳說”
05:55
I recommend it to all of you. It's on demand now.
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我建議大家可以去看看 現在租得到
05:59
Do you remember what the critics said when "Brave" came out?
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你還記得“勇敢傳說”剛上映時 電影評論家說什麼嗎?
06:03
"Aw, I can't believe Pixar made a princess movie."
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我不敢相信皮克斯動畫做了一部公主系列電影
06:08
It's very good. Don't let that stop you.
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那部電影很好看 別因為那樣就退縮了
06:10
Now, almost none of these movies pass the Bechdel Test.
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現在幾乎沒有電影通過”貝克德爾測驗” (註:貝克德爾測驗是一種針對性別歧視傾向的測驗)
06:14
I don't know if you've heard of this.
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我不知道你們有沒有聽過這項測驗
06:15
It has not yet caught on and caught fire,
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它還不是很普遍
06:18
but maybe today we will start a movement.
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但也許今天我們就能跨出第一步
06:20
Alison Bechdel is a comic book artist,
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艾利森.貝克德爾是一位漫畫家
06:22
and back in the mid-'80s, she recorded this conversation
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在八零年代中期 她錄下一段談話
06:28
she'd had with a friend about assessing the movies that they saw.
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是關於她跟她的一位朋友在評比她們看過的電影
06:31
And it's very simple. There's just three questions you should ask:
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非常簡單 只要問三個問題
06:34
Is there more than one character in the movie
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這部電影裡有任何一位角色
06:37
that is female who has lines?
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是女性 而且有臺詞嗎?
06:40
So try to meet that bar.
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大家可以試著想想看
06:43
And do these women talk to each other at any point in the movie?
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在電影裡 這些女性有互相交談過嗎?
06:49
And is their conversation about something other than
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她們是在談事情
06:52
the guy that they both like? (Laughter)
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還是在討論她們共同喜歡的對象?
06:55
Right? Thank you. (Applause)
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對吧?謝謝(掌聲)
07:00
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
07:01
Two women who exist and talk to each other about stuff.
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兩位女性一直在閒聊
07:09
It does happen. I've seen it,
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真的有這樣的情況 我有看過
07:14
and yet I very rarely see it in the movies
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但是在這幾部電影裡 我很少看見
07:17
that we know and love.
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那幾部是我們知道而且很喜歡的電影
07:18
In fact, this week I went to see
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事實上 這星期我去看了
07:20
a very high-quality movie, "Argo."
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一部優質電影”逃離德黑蘭”
07:24
Right? Oscar buzz, doing great at the box office,
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對吧?有希望拿下奧斯卡獎 票房很好
07:28
a consensus idea of what a quality Hollywood film is.
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大家都認為就這是好萊塢電影該有的品質
07:32
It pretty much flunks the Bechdel test.
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這部電影很可能無法通過”貝克德爾測驗”
07:35
And I don't think it should, because a lot of the movie,
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而且我認為它也不會通過 因為有許多電影
07:38
I don't know if you've seen it, but a lot of the movie
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我不知道你們有沒有看過 但是有很多電影
07:40
takes place in this embassy where men and women
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都在這間大使館拍攝
07:44
are hiding out during the hostage crisis.
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在人質危機事件時 很多人都躲在裡面
07:46
We've got quite a few scenes of the men
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我們看到有幾個鏡頭是
07:48
having deep, angst-ridden conversations in this hideout,
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幾個人躲在大使館 憂心忡忡地談著事情
07:52
and the great moment for one of the actresses is
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其中一位女演員還很悠閒
07:56
to peek through the door and say, "Are you coming to bed, honey?"
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往房內看 問說”親愛的要睡了嗎?”
08:01
That's Hollywood for you.
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那就是好萊塢電影的橋段了
08:03
So let's look at the numbers.
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我們來看看這項數據
08:06
2011, of the 100 most popular movies,
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2011百大人氣電影
08:09
how many of them do you think actually have female protagonists?
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你們認為可能有多少部電影是由女性主演?
08:14
Eleven. It's not bad.
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十一部 還不錯
08:17
It's not as many percent as the number of women
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這個比率比
08:21
we've just elected to Congress, so that's good.
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女性當選國會議員的比率還高 還不錯
08:24
But there is a number that is greater than this
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但是有一個數據比這個更高
08:27
that's going to bring this room down.
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可能會讓在座各位嚇一跳
08:29
Last year, The New York Times published a study
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去年 紐約時報發表一篇研究
08:33
that the government had done.
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這項研究是政府之前做的
08:35
Here's what it said.
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研究結果表示
08:36
One out of five women in America
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在美國 每五位女性就有一位
08:40
say that they have been sexually assaulted some time in their life.
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表示 在她們一生中 曾經遭受性侵害
08:47
Now, I don't think that's the fault of popular entertainment.
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現在我認為這不是大眾娛樂的責任
08:50
I don't think kids' movies have anything to do with that.
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也跟兒童電影沒有任何關係
08:55
I don't even think that
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甚至 我認為
08:56
music videos or pornography are really directly related to that,
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音樂影片或色情電影與這項研究結果沒有直接關係
09:00
but something is going wrong,
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但事情開始漸漸不對勁了
09:03
and when I hear that statistic,
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我聽到這項統計數字時
09:06
one of the things I think of is
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我想到的其中一件事就是
09:08
that's a lot of sexual assailants.
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會出現很多性侵犯
09:12
Who are these guys? What are they learning?
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這些傢伙是誰? 他們學到什麼?
09:16
What are they failing to learn?
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他們沒學到什麼?
09:18
Are they absorbing the story that
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難道他們聽到是故事是說
09:20
a male hero's job is to defeat the villain with violence
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男英雄的工作就是用武力打敗壞人
09:24
and then collect the reward, which is a woman
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然後獲得獎賞
09:27
who has no friends and doesn't speak?
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獎賞還是一個沒有朋友、不會說話的女性?
09:32
Are we soaking up that story?
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我們有因為這個故事記取教訓嗎?
09:37
You know,
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你知道
09:39
as a parent with the privilege
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身為一位父母
09:42
of raising a daughter
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養育女兒
09:45
like all of you who are doing the same thing,
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就像在座各位所做的事一樣
09:48
we find this world and this statistic very alarming
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從這個世界和這筆統計數字 我們發現情況非常危急
09:51
and we want to prepare them.
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想為此做準備
09:53
We have tools at our disposal like "girl power,"
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我們有辦法處理這種情況 就像“飛天小女警”一樣
09:57
and we hope that that will help,
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希望這麼做有用
10:00
but I gotta wonder, is girl power going to protect them
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但是我懷疑女性的力量能夠保護她們嗎?
10:03
if, at the same time, actively or passively,
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如果同一時間 不論是有意無意
10:06
we are training our sons to maintain their boy power?
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我們也在訓練我們的兒子 保有男性力量
10:11
I mean, I think the Netflix queue
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我的意思是 我認為Netflix排序系統
10:14
is one way that we can do something very important,
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是一種方法 讓我們能夠先處理重要的事
10:17
and I'm talking mainly to the dads here.
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我主要是想告訴在場的父親
10:20
I think we have got to show our sons
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我認為我們必須為我們的兒子
10:23
a new definition of manhood.
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訂下一個全新男子氣概的定義
10:25
The definition of manhood is already turning upside down.
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男子氣概的定義已經與我們所想的完全不一樣
10:30
You've read about how the new economy
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你一定讀過新經濟理論是如何
10:32
is changing the roles of caregiver and wage earner.
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改變看護和勞工的角色
10:35
They're throwing it up in the air.
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就只是放任不管
10:37
So our sons are going to have to find some way
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所以我們的兒子必須去尋找其他方法
10:39
of adapting to this, some new relationship with each other,
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來適應這個問題 或是彼此之間新的關係
10:42
and I think we really have to show them, and model for them,
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同時 我認為我們必須做給他們看 成為他們的榜樣
10:46
how a real man
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一個真男人
10:50
is someone who trusts his sisters
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會信賴他的姊妹
10:54
and respects them, and wants to be on their team,
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會尊重她們 設身處地為她們著想
10:57
and stands up against the real bad guys,
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也會起身對抗真正的壞人
11:01
who are the men who want to abuse the women.
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對抗會虐待女人的男人
11:04
And I think our job in the Netflix queue
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我覺得我們的責任就是用Netflix排序系統
11:07
is to look out for those movies that pass the Bechdel Test,
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留意通過”貝克德爾測驗”的電影
11:11
if we can find them, and to seek out the heroines
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如果我們能將這些電影和女英雄找出來
11:16
who are there,
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誰有參與電影演出
11:17
who show real courage, who bring people together,
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誰很有勇氣 誰讓大家團結在一起
11:21
and to nudge our sons to identify with those heroines
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也能讓我們的兒子能夠認識這些女英雄
11:24
and to say, "I want to be on their team,"
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說“我想跟她們站在同一陣線”
11:28
because they're going to be on their team.
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因為他們自然就會團結在一起
11:33
When I asked my daughter who her favorite character was in "Star Wars,"
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我問我女兒 在“星際大戰”裡她最喜歡的哪一個角色?
11:36
do you know what she said?
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你知道她說什麼嗎?
11:38
Obi-Wan.
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歐比王
11:41
Obi-Wan Kenobi and Glinda.
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歐比王‧肯諾比和葛琳達
11:45
What do these two have in common?
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這兩個角色之間有什麼共通點?
11:48
Maybe it's not just the sparkly dress.
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可能不只是因為他們的穿著很搶眼
11:50
I think these people are experts.
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我認為這些人都是專家
11:54
I think these are the two people in the movie
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我認為電影裡的這兩個角色
11:55
who know more than anybody else,
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比其他角色還要足智多謀
11:57
and they love sharing their knowledge with other people
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而且喜歡與他人分享自己的知識
12:00
to help them reach their potential.
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幫助啟發他人潛能
12:03
Now, they are leaders.
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現在 他們都是領袖了
12:05
I like that kind of quest for my daughter,
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我想讓我女兒自己去找答案
12:07
and I like that kind of quest for my son.
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讓我兒子自己探尋
12:10
I want more quests like that.
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我想他們自己去研究
12:12
I want fewer quests where my son is told,
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我不想告訴我兒子應該做什麼
12:14
"Go out and fight it alone,"
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“走開 自己想辦法”
12:16
and more quests where he sees that it's his job to join a team,
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他應該與他人一起 解決看見的問題
12:22
maybe a team led by women,
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也許是一個由女性領導的隊伍
12:26
to help other people become better
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幫助其他人變得更好
12:31
and be better people,
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也讓自己變得更好
12:34
like the Wizard of Oz.
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就跟“綠野仙蹤”一樣
12:36
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
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