How movies teach manhood | Colin Stokes

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

譯者: Bert Chen 審譯者: Tom Tao

You know, my favorite part of being a dad

身為一個父親 我最喜歡的就是

is the movies I get to watch.

看電影

I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids,

我喜歡與孩子一起看我最愛的電影

and when my daughter was four,

我女兒四歲時

we got to watch "The Wizard of Oz" together.

我們一起看”綠野仙蹤”

It totally dominated her imagination for months.

讓她有好幾個月都沉浸在幻想裡

Her favorite character was Glinda, of course.

當然 她最喜歡葛琳達

It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress

所以她也想學葛琳達 穿上閃亮的衣服

and carry a wand.

拿著魔杖

But you watch that movie enough times,

但是這部電影你看很多次之後

and you start to realize how unusual it is.

你就會開始發現這部電影很特別

Now we live today, and are raising our children,

今天我們生活 養育小孩

in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex.

都是在一種夾雜著小孩幻想的工業複合世界之中

But "The Wizard of Oz" stood alone.

但”綠野仙蹤”獨樹一格

It did not start that trend.

並沒有那種傾向

Forty years later was when the trend really caught on,

這種趨勢四十年後才開始流行

with, interestingly, another movie

有趣的是 另一部電影

that featured a metal guy

有一個機器人

and a furry guy

和一隻毛茸茸的動物

rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards.

打扮成敵營守衛 救出一位女孩

Do you know what I'm talking about? (Laughter)

你知道我在說什麼嗎?(笑聲)

Yeah.

沒錯

Now, there's a big difference between these two movies,

這兩部電影之間有一個很大的差異

a couple of really big differences between "The Wizard of Oz"

跟”綠野仙蹤”有兩三個很大的差異

and all the movies we watch today.

跟我們現在看的電影也是

One is there's very little violence in "The Wizard of Oz."

其中一個差異就是”綠野仙蹤”有點暴力

The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees.

猴子和蘋果樹都很兇

But I think if "The Wizard of Oz" were made today,

但是我想如果今天要拍”綠野仙蹤”

the wizard would say, "Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz

女巫會說:桃樂絲 你是奧茲王國的救星

that the prophecy foretold.

就如預言所說

Use your magic slippers to defeat

用你的魔法鞋打敗

the computer-generated armies of the Wicked Witch."

壞女巫的動畫大軍

But that's not how it happens.

但事實上不是這樣

Another thing that's really unique about "The Wizard of Oz"

“綠野仙蹤”真的很特別

to me is that all of the most heroic

對我來說 所有非常英勇

and wise and even villainous characters

絕頂聰明 甚至是窮兇惡極的角色

are female.

都是女性

Now I started to notice this

現在我開始注意到這一點

when I actually showed "Star Wars" to my daughter,

我給我女兒看過“星際大戰”

which was years later, and the situation was different.

在幾年過後 情況也不同了

At that point I also had a son.

那時 我已經有一個兒子

He was only three at the time.

當時 他還只有三歲

He was not invited to the screening. He was too young for that.

我不讓他一起看 年紀還太小 還不適合

But he was the second child,

但他是我第二個小孩

and the level of supervision had plummeted. (Laughter)

我已經沒有力氣管這麼多(笑聲)

So he wandered in,

所以他就在周圍徘徊

and it imprinted on him

這部電影讓他印象深刻

like a mommy duck does to its duckling,

就跟著有樣學樣

and I don't think he understands what's going on,

我認為他不知道發生什麼事了

but he is sure soaking in it.

但他就是很喜歡

And I wonder what he's soaking in.

我還不知道是什麼東西讓他這麼著迷

Is he picking up on the themes of courage

他知道這部電影的主題是勇氣

and perseverance and loyalty?

堅韌和忠誠?

Is he picking up on the fact that Luke

還是他知道路克

joins an army to overthrow the government?

加入軍團 企圖推翻帝國政府?

Is he picking up on the fact that

還是他知道

there are only boys in the universe

在”星際大戰”裡 只有男性角色

except for Aunt Beru, and of course this princess,

除了Aunt Beru和莉亞公主

who's really cool, but who kind of waits around through most of the movie

她真的很酷 但在電影裡她多半只是在一旁等待

so that she can award the hero with a medal and a wink

所以她才會用獎牌和媚眼獎勵英雄

to thank him for saving the universe, which he does

感謝他拯救宇宙

by the magic that he was born with?

用他與生俱來的魔法?

Compare this to 1939 with "The Wizard of Oz."

相較1939年的”綠野仙蹤”

How does Dorothy win her movie?

在電影裡 桃樂絲最後是如何獲勝?

By making friends with everybody

當然是與人交好

and being a leader.

成為一位領袖

That's kind of the world I'd rather raise my kids in --

我就是想讓我的小孩活在那種世界

Oz, right? -- and not the world of dudes fighting,

就像奧茲王國 對吧?而不是吵吵鬧鬧的世界

which is where we kind of have to be.

我們現在就有點像生活在那種世界

Why is there so much Force -- capital F, Force --

為什麼有這麼多”壓力”(現實)

in the movies we have for our kids,

在現在我們為這些小孩準備的電影裡

and so little yellow brick road?

卻很少有寓意希望的黃磚路呢?

There is a lot of great writing about the impact

有很多相當好的研究

that the boy-violent movie has on girls,

討論男性暴力的電影對女性造成的影響

and you should do that reading. It's very good.

大家應該去看看這些文章 很有幫助

I haven't read as much on how boys are picking up on this vibe.

我還不知道男生有沒有這種感覺

I know from my own experience that

根據我自己的經驗

Princess Leia did not provide the adequate context

我知道莉亞公主沒有適當的背景

that I could have used in navigating the adult world

能讓我導引小孩進入成人世界

that is co-ed. (Laughter)

成人世界是有男有女的(笑聲)

I think there was a first-kiss moment

電影裡出現初吻的那一刻

when I really expected the credits to start rolling

我很希望開始播電影演員表

because that's the end of the movie, right?

因為這樣就表示電影結束了 對吧?

I finished my quest, I got the girl.

電影結束了 我問我女兒

Why are you still standing there?

你怎麼還站在那裡?

I don't know what I'm supposed to do.

我不知道該怎麼辦

The movies are very, very focused on defeating the villain

這幾部電影的重點在於打敗敵人

and getting your reward, and there's not a lot of room

得到獎賞 沒有太多空間

for other relationships and other journeys.

留給其他角色的感情關係和旅程

It's almost as though if you're a boy,

就好像如果你是男孩

you are a dopey animal,

你就是很笨的動物

and if you are a girl, you should bring your warrior costume.

如果你是女孩 就應該披上戰袍

There are plenty of exceptions,

還有很多例外

and I will defend the Disney princesses in front of any you.

我會在你們每一位面前保護迪士尼電影裡的公主

But they do send a message to boys,

但這些電影也傳達一種訊息給男孩

that they are not, the boys are not really the target audience.

他們並不是目標觀眾

They are doing a phenomenal job of teaching girls

這些電影非常有意義 教導女孩

how to defend against the patriarchy,

如何在父權社會保護自己

but they are not necessarily showing boys

但不一定要讓男孩們知道

how they're supposed to defend against the patriarchy.

在父權社會他們應該如何保護自己

There's no models for them.

他們沒有任何的榜樣

And we also have some terrific women

我們也有幾位了不起的女性

who are writing new stories for our kids,

再寫一些新的故事給小孩看

and as three-dimensional and delightful as Hermione and Katniss are,

就像妙麗和凱妮絲 都是那些故事中的女主角

these are still war movies.

這幾部仍是戰爭電影

And, of course, the most successful studio of all time

當然 有史以來最成功的電影製片公司

continues to crank out classic after classic,

不斷有經典作品產出

every single one of them about

每一部經典電影

the journey of a boy, or a man,

不是一個男孩或是男人的旅程

or two men who are friends, or a man and his son,

就是兩個男性友人或一對父子的旅程

or two men who are raising a little girl.

再不然就是兩個男人撫養一個小女孩的故事

Until, as many of you are thinking, this year,

跟你們想的一樣 直到今年

when they finally came out with "Brave."

他們終於出版“勇敢傳說”

I recommend it to all of you. It's on demand now.

我建議大家可以去看看 現在租得到

Do you remember what the critics said when "Brave" came out?

你還記得“勇敢傳說”剛上映時 電影評論家說什麼嗎?

"Aw, I can't believe Pixar made a princess movie."

我不敢相信皮克斯動畫做了一部公主系列電影

It's very good. Don't let that stop you.

那部電影很好看 別因為那樣就退縮了

Now, almost none of these movies pass the Bechdel Test.

現在幾乎沒有電影通過”貝克德爾測驗” (註:貝克德爾測驗是一種針對性別歧視傾向的測驗)

I don't know if you've heard of this.

我不知道你們有沒有聽過這項測驗

It has not yet caught on and caught fire,

它還不是很普遍

but maybe today we will start a movement.

但也許今天我們就能跨出第一步

Alison Bechdel is a comic book artist,

艾利森．貝克德爾是一位漫畫家

and back in the mid-'80s, she recorded this conversation

在八零年代中期 她錄下一段談話

she'd had with a friend about assessing the movies that they saw.

是關於她跟她的一位朋友在評比她們看過的電影

And it's very simple. There's just three questions you should ask:

非常簡單 只要問三個問題

Is there more than one character in the movie

這部電影裡有任何一位角色

that is female who has lines?

是女性 而且有臺詞嗎?

So try to meet that bar.

大家可以試著想想看

And do these women talk to each other at any point in the movie?

在電影裡 這些女性有互相交談過嗎?

And is their conversation about something other than

她們是在談事情

the guy that they both like? (Laughter)

還是在討論她們共同喜歡的對象?

Right? Thank you. (Applause)

對吧?謝謝(掌聲)

Thank you very much.

謝謝大家

Two women who exist and talk to each other about stuff.

兩位女性一直在閒聊

It does happen. I've seen it,

真的有這樣的情況 我有看過

and yet I very rarely see it in the movies

但是在這幾部電影裡 我很少看見

that we know and love.

那幾部是我們知道而且很喜歡的電影

In fact, this week I went to see

事實上 這星期我去看了

a very high-quality movie, "Argo."

一部優質電影”逃離德黑蘭”

Right? Oscar buzz, doing great at the box office,

對吧?有希望拿下奧斯卡獎 票房很好

a consensus idea of what a quality Hollywood film is.

大家都認為就這是好萊塢電影該有的品質

It pretty much flunks the Bechdel test.

這部電影很可能無法通過”貝克德爾測驗”

And I don't think it should, because a lot of the movie,

而且我認為它也不會通過 因為有許多電影

I don't know if you've seen it, but a lot of the movie

我不知道你們有沒有看過 但是有很多電影

takes place in this embassy where men and women

都在這間大使館拍攝

are hiding out during the hostage crisis.

在人質危機事件時 很多人都躲在裡面

We've got quite a few scenes of the men

我們看到有幾個鏡頭是

having deep, angst-ridden conversations in this hideout,

幾個人躲在大使館 憂心忡忡地談著事情

and the great moment for one of the actresses is

其中一位女演員還很悠閒

to peek through the door and say, "Are you coming to bed, honey?"

往房內看 問說”親愛的要睡了嗎?”

That's Hollywood for you.

那就是好萊塢電影的橋段了

So let's look at the numbers.

我們來看看這項數據

2011, of the 100 most popular movies,

2011百大人氣電影

how many of them do you think actually have female protagonists?

你們認為可能有多少部電影是由女性主演?

Eleven. It's not bad.

十一部 還不錯

It's not as many percent as the number of women

這個比率比

we've just elected to Congress, so that's good.

女性當選國會議員的比率還高 還不錯

But there is a number that is greater than this

但是有一個數據比這個更高

that's going to bring this room down.

可能會讓在座各位嚇一跳

Last year, The New York Times published a study

去年 紐約時報發表一篇研究

that the government had done.

這項研究是政府之前做的

Here's what it said.

研究結果表示

One out of five women in America

在美國 每五位女性就有一位

say that they have been sexually assaulted some time in their life.

表示 在她們一生中 曾經遭受性侵害

Now, I don't think that's the fault of popular entertainment.

現在我認為這不是大眾娛樂的責任

I don't think kids' movies have anything to do with that.

也跟兒童電影沒有任何關係

I don't even think that

甚至 我認為

music videos or pornography are really directly related to that,

音樂影片或色情電影與這項研究結果沒有直接關係

but something is going wrong,

但事情開始漸漸不對勁了

and when I hear that statistic,

我聽到這項統計數字時

one of the things I think of is

我想到的其中一件事就是

that's a lot of sexual assailants.

會出現很多性侵犯

Who are these guys? What are they learning?

這些傢伙是誰? 他們學到什麼?

What are they failing to learn?

他們沒學到什麼?

Are they absorbing the story that

難道他們聽到是故事是說

a male hero's job is to defeat the villain with violence

男英雄的工作就是用武力打敗壞人

and then collect the reward, which is a woman

然後獲得獎賞

who has no friends and doesn't speak?

獎賞還是一個沒有朋友、不會說話的女性?

Are we soaking up that story?

我們有因為這個故事記取教訓嗎?

You know,

你知道

as a parent with the privilege

身為一位父母

of raising a daughter

養育女兒

like all of you who are doing the same thing,

就像在座各位所做的事一樣

we find this world and this statistic very alarming

從這個世界和這筆統計數字 我們發現情況非常危急

and we want to prepare them.

想為此做準備

We have tools at our disposal like "girl power,"

我們有辦法處理這種情況 就像“飛天小女警”一樣

and we hope that that will help,

希望這麼做有用

but I gotta wonder, is girl power going to protect them

但是我懷疑女性的力量能夠保護她們嗎?

if, at the same time, actively or passively,

如果同一時間 不論是有意無意

we are training our sons to maintain their boy power?

我們也在訓練我們的兒子 保有男性力量

I mean, I think the Netflix queue

我的意思是 我認為Netflix排序系統

is one way that we can do something very important,

是一種方法 讓我們能夠先處理重要的事

and I'm talking mainly to the dads here.

我主要是想告訴在場的父親

I think we have got to show our sons

我認為我們必須為我們的兒子

a new definition of manhood.

訂下一個全新男子氣概的定義

The definition of manhood is already turning upside down.

男子氣概的定義已經與我們所想的完全不一樣

You've read about how the new economy

你一定讀過新經濟理論是如何

is changing the roles of caregiver and wage earner.

改變看護和勞工的角色

They're throwing it up in the air.

就只是放任不管

So our sons are going to have to find some way

所以我們的兒子必須去尋找其他方法

of adapting to this, some new relationship with each other,

來適應這個問題 或是彼此之間新的關係

and I think we really have to show them, and model for them,

同時 我認為我們必須做給他們看 成為他們的榜樣

how a real man

一個真男人

is someone who trusts his sisters

會信賴他的姊妹

and respects them, and wants to be on their team,

會尊重她們 設身處地為她們著想

and stands up against the real bad guys,

也會起身對抗真正的壞人

who are the men who want to abuse the women.

對抗會虐待女人的男人

And I think our job in the Netflix queue

我覺得我們的責任就是用Netflix排序系統

is to look out for those movies that pass the Bechdel Test,

留意通過”貝克德爾測驗”的電影

if we can find them, and to seek out the heroines

如果我們能將這些電影和女英雄找出來

who are there,

誰有參與電影演出

who show real courage, who bring people together,

誰很有勇氣 誰讓大家團結在一起

and to nudge our sons to identify with those heroines

也能讓我們的兒子能夠認識這些女英雄

and to say, "I want to be on their team,"

說“我想跟她們站在同一陣線”

because they're going to be on their team.

因為他們自然就會團結在一起

When I asked my daughter who her favorite character was in "Star Wars,"

我問我女兒 在“星際大戰”裡她最喜歡的哪一個角色?

do you know what she said?

你知道她說什麼嗎?

Obi-Wan.

歐比王

Obi-Wan Kenobi and Glinda.

歐比王‧肯諾比和葛琳達

What do these two have in common?

這兩個角色之間有什麼共通點?

Maybe it's not just the sparkly dress.

可能不只是因為他們的穿著很搶眼

I think these people are experts.

我認為這些人都是專家

I think these are the two people in the movie

我認為電影裡的這兩個角色

who know more than anybody else,

比其他角色還要足智多謀

and they love sharing their knowledge with other people

而且喜歡與他人分享自己的知識

to help them reach their potential.

幫助啟發他人潛能

Now, they are leaders.

現在 他們都是領袖了

I like that kind of quest for my daughter,

我想讓我女兒自己去找答案

and I like that kind of quest for my son.

讓我兒子自己探尋

I want more quests like that.

我想他們自己去研究

I want fewer quests where my son is told,

我不想告訴我兒子應該做什麼

"Go out and fight it alone,"

“走開 自己想辦法”

and more quests where he sees that it's his job to join a team,

他應該與他人一起 解決看見的問題

maybe a team led by women,

也許是一個由女性領導的隊伍

to help other people become better

幫助其他人變得更好

and be better people,

也讓自己變得更好

like the Wizard of Oz.

就跟“綠野仙蹤”一樣

Thank you.

謝謝大家