How movies teach manhood | Colin Stokes

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

翻译人员: Wei Wu 校对人员: Jing Peng

You know, my favorite part of being a dad

身为父亲最让我开心的，

is the movies I get to watch.

就是可以看自己喜欢的电影。

I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids,

我喜欢跟我的孩子分享我的电影，

and when my daughter was four,

当我的女儿四岁的时候，

we got to watch "The Wizard of Oz" together.

我们一起看了《绿野仙踪》。

It totally dominated her imagination for months.

接下来几个月她完全被迷住了。

Her favorite character was Glinda, of course.

她最喜欢的角色，当然是葛琳达（Glinda）。

It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress

这让她把自己打扮的像仙女一样

and carry a wand.

还拿着魔杖。

But you watch that movie enough times,

但是当你看了几遍之后，

and you start to realize how unusual it is.

你就会发现这部电影是多么的与众不同。

Now we live today, and are raising our children,

现在, 我们生活，抚养小孩,

in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex.

都是沉浸在一种儿童奇幻般复杂的世界里。

But "The Wizard of Oz" stood alone.

但是《绿野仙踪》独树一帜。

It did not start that trend.

它并不属于那一类。

Forty years later was when the trend really caught on,

这种趋势是四十年后的今天才流行的.

with, interestingly, another movie

很有意思的是, 另外一部电影

that featured a metal guy

里面有一个铁大个儿

and a furry guy

和一个毛绒绒的家伙

rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards.

伪装成敌人的守卫去解救一个女孩。

Do you know what I'm talking about? (Laughter)

你猜到这是哪部电影了么？（观众笑声）

Yeah.

对的。

Now, there's a big difference between these two movies,

这两部电影有很多不同，

a couple of really big differences between "The Wizard of Oz"

《绿野仙踪》跟我们近年来看到的所有电影

and all the movies we watch today.

在两三方面存在巨大的差异。

One is there's very little violence in "The Wizard of Oz."

首先，《绿野仙踪》没有什么暴力成分。

The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees.

猴子算是里面比较暴力的了，类似的还有苹果树。

But I think if "The Wizard of Oz" were made today,

但是我想如果我们今天拍摄《绿野仙踪》，

the wizard would say, "Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz

巫师会说：“多萝西（Dorothy），你是预言中

that the prophecy foretold.

拯救奥兹（Oz）的人，

Use your magic slippers to defeat

用你的魔法拖鞋去打败

the computer-generated armies of the Wicked Witch."

坏巫婆的（电脑生成的）军队吧。”

But that's not how it happens.

但是，不是这样子的。

Another thing that's really unique about "The Wizard of Oz"

《绿野仙踪》的独特性还体现在

to me is that all of the most heroic

片中绝大多数的英勇角色、

and wise and even villainous characters

智者、甚至坏人

are female.

都是女性。

Now I started to notice this

我是在几年之后，

when I actually showed "Star Wars" to my daughter,

跟我的女儿一起看《星球大战》的时候

which was years later, and the situation was different.

意识到这点的，那时候情况有些不同。

At that point I also had a son.

那时我添了一个儿子。

He was only three at the time.

当时三岁。

He was not invited to the screening. He was too young for that.

他还太小，所以我们没叫他一起看

But he was the second child,

但是作为家里第二个孩子，

and the level of supervision had plummeted. (Laughter)

对他的照看一下子就松了很多。（笑声）

So he wandered in,

结果他也跑了进来，

and it imprinted on him

然后就入迷了

like a mommy duck does to its duckling,

就像是小鸭子一出生见到鸭妈妈一样，

and I don't think he understands what's going on,

我不认为他看懂了这部电影的内容

but he is sure soaking in it.

但是他显然已经沉迷其中了。

And I wonder what he's soaking in.

我很好奇他喜欢这部电影的原因。

Is he picking up on the themes of courage

是影片主题体现出来的勇气、

and perseverance and loyalty?

毅力与忠诚？

Is he picking up on the fact that Luke

亦或是卢克（Luke）加入军队

joins an army to overthrow the government?

推翻政府的事实？

Is he picking up on the fact that

还是说他意识到了

there are only boys in the universe

整部电影中除了贝鲁阿姨（Aunt Beru）之外

except for Aunt Beru, and of course this princess,

都是男孩？哦，当然还有公主是女性，

who's really cool, but who kind of waits around through most of the movie

很冷艳，但是她基本上只是跑个龙套

so that she can award the hero with a medal and a wink

在故事最后给英雄发放一个奖章，抛个媚眼

to thank him for saving the universe, which he does

感谢他拯救了世界，

by the magic that he was born with?

用他与生俱来的魔力。

Compare this to 1939 with "The Wizard of Oz."

对比一下1939年的《绿野仙踪》。

How does Dorothy win her movie?

多萝西是如何取得胜利的？

By making friends with everybody

她通过跟每个人都成为好朋友

and being a leader.

变成他们的领袖。

That's kind of the world I'd rather raise my kids in --

我更希望自己孩子可以在这样的环境中——

Oz, right? -- and not the world of dudes fighting,

奥兹的世界——长大，而不是打来打去的世界，

which is where we kind of have to be.

——这种世界倒是很贴近现实。

Why is there so much Force -- capital F, Force --

为什么我们给小孩子的电影中

in the movies we have for our kids,

有那么多的暴力

and so little yellow brick road?

那么少的黄砖路（绿野仙踪中的道路）？

There is a lot of great writing about the impact

关于男性暴力电影对于女性的影响，

that the boy-violent movie has on girls,

有很多出色的分析文章，

and you should do that reading. It's very good.

你应该去看看。写的很好。

I haven't read as much on how boys are picking up on this vibe.

这种氛围对男孩的影响，我读的文章不多。

I know from my own experience that

就我自己的经验而言,

Princess Leia did not provide the adequate context

从莱娅公主所处环境中得到的经验

that I could have used in navigating the adult world

不足以指导我在现实生活中引导孩子进入成人世界

that is co-ed. (Laughter)

成人世界是＂男女混居的＂。（笑声）

I think there was a first-kiss moment

我认为荧幕上的初吻

when I really expected the credits to start rolling

应该发生在电影的最后，最好是演员表出现的时候,

because that's the end of the movie, right?

因为这是电影的结局，对么？

I finished my quest, I got the girl.

我完成了使命，赢得芳心。

Why are you still standing there?

为什么还要呆站在这里？

I don't know what I'm supposed to do.

我不知道应该做什么。

The movies are very, very focused on defeating the villain

这些电影把重点放在打败坏人

and getting your reward, and there's not a lot of room

获得奖励上，以至于没有多少时间

for other relationships and other journeys.

处理其他关系和经历。

It's almost as though if you're a boy,

基本上，如果你是男孩

you are a dopey animal,

你就是一个呆笨的动物，

and if you are a girl, you should bring your warrior costume.

如果你是女孩，你就应该穿上战袍。

There are plenty of exceptions,

当然反例也很多，

and I will defend the Disney princesses in front of any you.

而且我会在你们面前为迪斯尼的公主们辩护。

But they do send a message to boys,

但是这些电影给男孩子的感觉是

that they are not, the boys are not really the target audience.

他们不是这些电影预期的观众

They are doing a phenomenal job of teaching girls

这些电影有很大的一个功劳

how to defend against the patriarchy,

就是教会女孩子如何反抗父权社会,

but they are not necessarily showing boys

但是这些电影并没有

how they're supposed to defend against the patriarchy.

向男孩子们展示如何反抗父权社会。

There's no models for them.

孩子们没有偶像可寻。

And we also have some terrific women

我们也有一些了不起的女性

who are writing new stories for our kids,

开始为我们的孩子写新的故事

and as three-dimensional and delightful as Hermione and Katniss are,

包括像赫敏和凯特里斯这样生动形象的角色，

these are still war movies.

但是还是属于战争电影。

And, of course, the most successful studio of all time

当然，史上最成功的电影工作室（皮克斯）

continues to crank out classic after classic,

连续不断的创造经典电影

every single one of them about

每部电影都讲述一段故事

the journey of a boy, or a man,

一个小男孩的，或一个大男人的，

or two men who are friends, or a man and his son,

或两个大男人，或父与子，

or two men who are raising a little girl.

或是两个男人抚养一个小女孩。

Until, as many of you are thinking, this year,

终于，你们很多人都已经知道，

when they finally came out with "Brave."

今年他们终于推出了《勇敢传说》。

I recommend it to all of you. It's on demand now.

我向你们所有人推荐这部电影。现在正在上映。

Do you remember what the critics said when "Brave" came out?

你还记得《勇敢传说》刚上映时的批评么？

"Aw, I can't believe Pixar made a princess movie."

“哦，不敢相信皮克斯也开始做公主电影了。”

It's very good. Don't let that stop you.

这很好。别止步。

Now, almost none of these movies pass the Bechdel Test.

现在，这些电影几乎都没有通过“贝克德尔测试”（Bechdel Test）。

I don't know if you've heard of this.

我不知道你们是否听说过,

It has not yet caught on and caught fire,

这个测试并不为人所知，

but maybe today we will start a movement.

但是今天或许我们能做些推动。

Alison Bechdel is a comic book artist,

艾莉森·贝克德尔是一个漫画作家，

and back in the mid-'80s, she recorded this conversation

在80年代中期,，她记录下了她和一个朋友

she'd had with a friend about assessing the movies that they saw.

在评估她们看过的电影时的讨论内容。

And it's very simple. There's just three questions you should ask:

非常简单，只有三个问题：

Is there more than one character in the movie

这部电影中是否有一个以上的角色

that is female who has lines?

是女性并且有台词？

So try to meet that bar.

想想看这个标准。

And do these women talk to each other at any point in the movie?

如果是,这些女性角色在电影中是否交谈过？

And is their conversation about something other than

如果交谈了，有没有跟她们共同的心上人

the guy that they both like? (Laughter)

无关的谈话内容？（笑声）

Right? Thank you. (Applause)

明白了？谢谢。（掌声）

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

Two women who exist and talk to each other about stuff.

两个女人，有台词，有交谈。

It does happen. I've seen it,

确实有这样的电影。我看过，

and yet I very rarely see it in the movies

但是在我们看过的和喜欢的电影中

that we know and love.

是很少见的。

In fact, this week I went to see

事实上，这个星期我刚看过

a very high-quality movie, "Argo."

一部质量不错的电影《阿尔戈》（Argo）。

Right? Oscar buzz, doing great at the box office,

奥斯卡热门电影，票房很好，

a consensus idea of what a quality Hollywood film is.

公认的好莱坞电影高品质电影。

It pretty much flunks the Bechdel test.

但是贝尔德尔测试不及格。

And I don't think it should, because a lot of the movie,

我觉得这不应该。因为电影中的大部分情节

I don't know if you've seen it, but a lot of the movie

不知道你们看过没有，电影中的大部分情节

takes place in this embassy where men and women

都发生在发生人质劫持事件的大使馆内，

are hiding out during the hostage crisis.

男人和女人都躲在里面。

We've got quite a few scenes of the men

我们看到好几个场景，

having deep, angst-ridden conversations in this hideout,

男人们在藏身处深刻而充满焦虑的对话。

and the great moment for one of the actresses is

而电影中一个女演员最出彩的情节

to peek through the door and say, "Are you coming to bed, honey?"

是隔着一扇门问道，“睡觉么，亲爱的？”

That's Hollywood for you.

这就是好莱坞。

So let's look at the numbers.

来看看统计数字。

2011, of the 100 most popular movies,

2011年前100部最流行的电影中，

how many of them do you think actually have female protagonists?

有多少部电影有女主角？

Eleven. It's not bad.

11部。不算太坏。

It's not as many percent as the number of women

就刚刚普选出的国会议员中

we've just elected to Congress, so that's good.

女性议员比例而言，这个比例算好的。

But there is a number that is greater than this

接下来这个比例比刚才的要高

that's going to bring this room down.

而这个比例会让在座各位震惊。

Last year, The New York Times published a study

去年，纽约时报发表了一份

that the government had done.

由政府完成的报告。

Here's what it said.

以下是内容。

One out of five women in America

每五名美国女性中就有一位

say that they have been sexually assaulted some time in their life.

曾经遇到过性骚扰。

Now, I don't think that's the fault of popular entertainment.

我不认为是流行娱乐圈的过错。

I don't think kids' movies have anything to do with that.

我不认为这是由于儿童电影导致的。

I don't even think that

我甚至觉得

music videos or pornography are really directly related to that,

色情音乐和电影跟这都没有直接关系，

but something is going wrong,

但是肯定哪里出问题了。

and when I hear that statistic,

当我听到这个统计数字，

one of the things I think of is

我当时想到的是

that's a lot of sexual assailants.

性骚扰者的数量竟然这么多。

Who are these guys? What are they learning?

他们是谁？他们怎么被教出来的？

What are they failing to learn?

他们漏学了什么？

Are they absorbing the story that

他们有没有理解电影的情节，

a male hero's job is to defeat the villain with violence

一个男性英雄打败了残暴的反派

and then collect the reward, which is a woman

然后获得荣誉和奖励--就是一个没有朋友

who has no friends and doesn't speak?

又不说话(没有思想)的女人?

Are we soaking up that story?

我们有没有从这些故事中吸取到什么？

You know,

你知道，

as a parent with the privilege

作为一名有着抚养女儿

of raising a daughter

义务的父亲，

like all of you who are doing the same thing,

我跟你们所有为人父母的人一样，

we find this world and this statistic very alarming

对这个统计数字和这个世界存在危机感,

and we want to prepare them.

我们要做好防范。

We have tools at our disposal like "girl power,"

我们创造了一些类似“少女超人”的角色，

and we hope that that will help,

希望能够有所帮助，

but I gotta wonder, is girl power going to protect them

但是我担心，“女性力量”能否保护她们，

if, at the same time, actively or passively,

同时, 有意无意地,

we are training our sons to maintain their boy power?

我们培养我们的儿子们要有英勇气概?

I mean, I think the Netflix queue

我的意思是，我觉得 Netflix Queue（一种看电影的服务）

is one way that we can do something very important,

可以成为非常重要的一种方式，

and I'm talking mainly to the dads here.

我主要是针对父亲说的。

I think we have got to show our sons

我认为我们应该为我们的男孩子们

a new definition of manhood.

展示一种新的男子气概。

The definition of manhood is already turning upside down.

现在的男子气概的定义已经本末倒置了。

You've read about how the new economy

你已经知道新的经济环境

is changing the roles of caregiver and wage earner.

正在改变女性在家男性养家胡口的角色。

They're throwing it up in the air.

他们正逐渐被替代。

So our sons are going to have to find some way

我们的儿子需要能够适应这些改变，

of adapting to this, some new relationship with each other,

适应相互之间的新关系，

and I think we really have to show them, and model for them,

我认为我们需要身先士卒,展示如何成为

how a real man

一个真正的男人，

is someone who trusts his sisters

他会信任他的姐妹

and respects them, and wants to be on their team,

尊重她们，希望与她们为伍，

and stands up against the real bad guys,

对抗真正的坏蛋，

who are the men who want to abuse the women.

那些虐待妇女的大坏蛋。

And I think our job in the Netflix queue

而且我认为我们需要在 Netflix Queue 中

is to look out for those movies that pass the Bechdel Test,

寻找符合贝尔德尔测试的电影，

if we can find them, and to seek out the heroines

找到之后，再找出电影中的

who are there,

女英雄们,

who show real courage, who bring people together,

她们英勇无比，把大家团结起来，

and to nudge our sons to identify with those heroines

并且鼓励我们的儿子认识到这些女主人公的英勇

and to say, "I want to be on their team,"

并且说：“我想加入她的队伍。”

because they're going to be on their team.

因为他们将来需要与她们合作。

When I asked my daughter who her favorite character was in "Star Wars,"

当我问我的女儿最喜欢《星球大战》中的哪个角色，

do you know what she said?

你猜她说谁？

Obi-Wan.

欧比-旺（Obi-Wan）

Obi-Wan Kenobi and Glinda.

欧比-旺·克诺比和葛琳达

What do these two have in common?

他们有什么共同点？

Maybe it's not just the sparkly dress.

或许跟漂亮的衣服没有关系。

I think these people are experts.

我认为他们都是专家。

I think these are the two people in the movie

两个人在各自的电影中

who know more than anybody else,

都拥有比别人更多的知识，

and they love sharing their knowledge with other people

并且乐意与他人分享他们的知识

to help them reach their potential.

帮助他人挖掘潜能。

Now, they are leaders.

现在，他们是领袖。

I like that kind of quest for my daughter,

我希望自己的女儿有这样的追求，

and I like that kind of quest for my son.

也希望自己的儿子有这样的追求。

I want more quests like that.

我希望这样的追求越多越好。

I want fewer quests where my son is told,

我希望我的儿子不要被教育成

"Go out and fight it alone,"

“冲出去一个人战斗”

and more quests where he sees that it's his job to join a team,

而是主动的融入一个团队，

maybe a team led by women,

或许由一个女性来指挥，

to help other people become better

帮助其他人成就自己，

and be better people,

变得更好，

like the Wizard of Oz.

就像奥兹仙女一样。

Thank you.

谢谢。