How movies teach manhood | Colin Stokes

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

Prevoditelj: Maja Covic Recezent: Sonja Rodić

You know, my favorite part of being a dad

Znate, najdraža strana očinstva su mi

is the movies I get to watch.

filmovi koje gledam.

I love sharing my favorite movies with my kids,

Volim dijeliti svoje najdraže filmove sa svojom djecom.

and when my daughter was four,

Kad mi je kći imala četiri godine

we got to watch "The Wizard of Oz" together.

zajedno smo gledali "Čarobnjaka iz Oza".

It totally dominated her imagination for months.

Mjesecima je potpuno vladao njenom maštom.

Her favorite character was Glinda, of course.

Njen najdraži lik bila je Glinda.

It gave her a great excuse to wear a sparkly dress

To joj je bio dobar izgovor za nošenje haljine sa šljokicama

and carry a wand.

i čarobnog štapića.

But you watch that movie enough times,

Kad više puta pogledate neki film

and you start to realize how unusual it is.

shvatite koliko je neobičan.

Now we live today, and are raising our children,

U današnje vrijeme živimo i odgajamo djecu

in a kind of children's-fantasy-spectacular-industrial complex.

u jednoj vrsti industrijskog kompleksa usmjerenog na dječju maštu i spektakl.

But "The Wizard of Oz" stood alone.

No, "Čarobnjak iz Oza" se izdvajao.

It did not start that trend.

Nije započeo taj trend.

Forty years later was when the trend really caught on,

Taj trend se raširio 40 godina kasnije,

with, interestingly, another movie

zahvaljujući drugom filmu

that featured a metal guy

koji je uključivao metalnog tipa

and a furry guy

i dlakavog tipa

rescuing a girl by dressing up as the enemy's guards.

koji su preobučeni u neprijateljsku stražu spašavali djevojku.

Do you know what I'm talking about? (Laughter)

Znate o čemu govorim? (Smijeh)

Yeah.

Da.

Now, there's a big difference between these two movies,

Velika je razlika između ova dva filma,

a couple of really big differences between "The Wizard of Oz"

poatoji nekoliko velikih razlika između "Čarobnjaka iz Oza"

and all the movies we watch today.

i svih filmova koje gledamo danas.

One is there's very little violence in "The Wizard of Oz."

Jedna je ta što u "Čarobnjaku iz Oza" ima jako malo nasilja.

The monkeys are rather aggressive, as are the apple trees.

Majmuni su agresivni koliko i stabla jabuka.

But I think if "The Wizard of Oz" were made today,

Da je "Čarobnjak iz Oza" napravljen u današnje vrijeme,

the wizard would say, "Dorothy, you are the savior of Oz

čarobnjak bi rekao "Dorothy, ti si spasiteljica Oza

that the prophecy foretold.

koju je najavilo proročanstvo.

Use your magic slippers to defeat

Upotrijebi svoje čarobne cipele kako bi porazila

the computer-generated armies of the Wicked Witch."

kompjuterski generiranu vojsku Zle vještice."

But that's not how it happens.

No, to se ne događa.

Another thing that's really unique about "The Wizard of Oz"

Druga posebnost "Čarobnjaka iz Oza" za mene jest

to me is that all of the most heroic

ta što su svi najhrabriji

and wise and even villainous characters

i najmudriji, pa čak i najnegativniji likovi

are female.

ženski.

Now I started to notice this

Počeo sam to primjećivati

when I actually showed "Star Wars" to my daughter,

kada sam kćeri pokazao "Zvjezdane ratove",

which was years later, and the situation was different.

što je bilo dosta godina kasnije i situacija je bila posve drukčija.

At that point I also had a son.

U tom periodu sam imao i sina.

He was only three at the time.

Tada je imao samo tri godine.

He was not invited to the screening. He was too young for that.

Nije smio gledati film. Bio je premalen za to.

But he was the second child,

No, kako je bio drugo dijete,

and the level of supervision had plummeted. (Laughter)

razina nadzora brzo je pala. (Smijeh)

So he wandered in,

I tako je zalutao u sobu

and it imprinted on him

i film se utisnuo u njega

like a mommy duck does to its duckling,

kao što majka patka obilježuje svoje pače.

and I don't think he understands what's going on,

Mislim da ne razumije što se događa,

but he is sure soaking in it.

no on zasigurno upija sve to.

And I wonder what he's soaking in.

Pitam se što to točno on upija.

Is he picking up on the themes of courage

Usvaja li on teme hrabrosti,

and perseverance and loyalty?

ustrajnosti i odanosti?

Is he picking up on the fact that Luke

Usvaja li on činjenicu da se Luke

joins an army to overthrow the government?

priključuje vojsci kako bi svrgnuo vladu?

Is he picking up on the fact that

Usvaja li on činjenicu da

there are only boys in the universe

u svemiru postoje samo momci,

except for Aunt Beru, and of course this princess,

osim tete Beru i kraljevne,

who's really cool, but who kind of waits around through most of the movie

koja je odlična, ali većinu filma provede čekajući

so that she can award the hero with a medal and a wink

kako bi junaka nagradila medaljom i migom,

to thank him for saving the universe, which he does

ne bi li mu zahvalila što je spasio svemir,

by the magic that he was born with?

što je on i učinio uz pomoć magije s kojom je bio rođen?

Compare this to 1939 with "The Wizard of Oz."

Usporedite to s 1939. godinom i "Čarobnjakom iz Oza".

How does Dorothy win her movie?

Kako je Dorothy pobijedila u svom filmu?

By making friends with everybody

Tako što se sprijateljila sa svima

and being a leader.

i postala vođa.

That's kind of the world I'd rather raise my kids in --

U takvom svijetu bih radije odgajao svoju djecu.

Oz, right? -- and not the world of dudes fighting,

Ozu, a ne u svijetu u kojem se momci biju

which is where we kind of have to be.

i u kojem moramo živjeti.

Why is there so much Force -- capital F, Force --

Zašto ima toliko mnogo Sile --veliko S, Sile --

in the movies we have for our kids,

u filmovima za našu djecu,

and so little yellow brick road?

a toliko malo žute ciglane ceste?

There is a lot of great writing about the impact

Puno je dobrih radova o tome kako nasilni filmovi

that the boy-violent movie has on girls,

s muškim likovima utječu na djevojčice.

and you should do that reading. It's very good.

Trebali biste ih pročitati. Veoma su dobri.

I haven't read as much on how boys are picking up on this vibe.

Nisam toliko puno čitao o tome kako to utječe na dječake.

I know from my own experience that

Iz iskustva znam da

Princess Leia did not provide the adequate context

kraljevna Leia nije pružila odgovarajući primjer

that I could have used in navigating the adult world

koji bih bio mogao korisiti u pojašnjavanju svijeta odraslih

that is co-ed. (Laughter)

u kojem su oba spola jednako prisutna. (Smijeh)

I think there was a first-kiss moment

Čini mi se da sam u trenu kada se odvijao prvi poljubac u filmu

when I really expected the credits to start rolling

očekivao da će započeti odjavna špica

because that's the end of the movie, right?

jer je poljubac označavao kraj filma, zar ne?

I finished my quest, I got the girl.

"Završio sam potragu. Osvojio djevojku."

Why are you still standing there?

"Zašto još stojite tamo?"

I don't know what I'm supposed to do.

"Ne znam što bih trebao učiniti."

The movies are very, very focused on defeating the villain

Ovi su filmovi snažno usmjereni na pobjeđivanje negativaca

and getting your reward, and there's not a lot of room

i osvajanje nagrade. Nema mnogo prostora

for other relationships and other journeys.

za druge vrste odnosa i putovanja.

It's almost as though if you're a boy,

Gotovo da govore da su momci

you are a dopey animal,

blesave životinje,

and if you are a girl, you should bring your warrior costume.

a da bi djevojke trebale sa sobom nositi ratnički kostim.

There are plenty of exceptions,

Postoji mnogo izuzetaka,

and I will defend the Disney princesses in front of any you.

a ja ću braniti disneyjeve kraljevne pred bilo kime.

But they do send a message to boys,

Ali, one ipak šalju poruku dječacima

that they are not, the boys are not really the target audience.

da oni zapravo nisu ciljana publika.

They are doing a phenomenal job of teaching girls

Izvanredno podučavaju djevojčice

how to defend against the patriarchy,

kako se boriti protiv patrijarhata,

but they are not necessarily showing boys

ali ne pokazuju nužno i dječacima

how they're supposed to defend against the patriarchy.

kako bi se oni trebali obraniti od nje.

There's no models for them.

Za njih nema uzora.

And we also have some terrific women

Postoje sjajne žene koje

who are writing new stories for our kids,

pišu nove priče za našu djecu.

and as three-dimensional and delightful as Hermione and Katniss are,

No, koliko god da su Hermiona i Katniss slojevite i divne,

these are still war movies.

ipak su likovi ratnih filmova.

And, of course, the most successful studio of all time

I, naravno, najuspješniji filmski studio svih vremena

continues to crank out classic after classic,

i dalje izbacuje klasik za klasikom.

every single one of them about

Svaki od njih je o

the journey of a boy, or a man,

putovanju dječaka, ili muškarca, ili

or two men who are friends, or a man and his son,

dva prijatelja, ili oca i sina, ili

or two men who are raising a little girl.

dva muškarca koji odgajaju djevojčicu.

Until, as many of you are thinking, this year,

Sve do ove godine

when they finally came out with "Brave."

kada je napokon izašao film "Merida Hrabra".

I recommend it to all of you. It's on demand now.

Preporučam ga svima. Dostupan je i kao video on demand (na zahtjev).

Do you remember what the critics said when "Brave" came out?

Sjećate li se što su rekli kritičari kad je "Merida Hrabra" izišla?

"Aw, I can't believe Pixar made a princess movie."

"Ne možemo vjerovati da je Pixar napravio film s kraljevnom."

It's very good. Don't let that stop you.

Nemojte da vas to obeshrabri. Film je jako dobar.

Now, almost none of these movies pass the Bechdel Test.

Gotovo nijedan od ovih filmova nije prošao Bechdel test.

I don't know if you've heard of this.

Ne znam jeste li čuli za to.

It has not yet caught on and caught fire,

Još nije postalo jako poznato i popularno,

but maybe today we will start a movement.

no možda danas započnemo pokret.

Alison Bechdel is a comic book artist,

Allison Bechdel je crtačica stripova.

and back in the mid-'80s, she recorded this conversation

Sredinom 1980-ih snimila je razgovor

she'd had with a friend about assessing the movies that they saw.

s prijateljicom o ocjenjivanju filmova koje su pogledale.

And it's very simple. There's just three questions you should ask:

Jako je jednostavan. Treba postaviti tri pitanja.

Is there more than one character in the movie

Postoji li u filmu više od jednog lika

that is female who has lines?

koji je ženski i ima tekst.

So try to meet that bar.

Pokušajte zadovoljiti taj kriterij.

And do these women talk to each other at any point in the movie?

Razgovaraju li te žene međusobno tijekom filma?

And is their conversation about something other than

Je li tema njihova razgovora nešto drugo osim

the guy that they both like? (Laughter)

tipa koji im se objema sviđa. (Smijeh)

Right? Thank you. (Applause)

Zar ne? Hvala. (Pljesak)

Thank you very much.

Puno vam hvala.

Two women who exist and talk to each other about stuff.

Dvije žene koje postoje i razgovaraju o drugim temama.

It does happen. I've seen it,

To se događa. Uvjerio sam se.

and yet I very rarely see it in the movies

Ipak, vrlo rijetko to viđam u filmovima

that we know and love.

koje znamo i volimo.

In fact, this week I went to see

Ovaj tjedan pogledao sam

a very high-quality movie, "Argo."

vrlo kvalitetan film, "Argo".

Right? Oscar buzz, doing great at the box office,

Kandidat za Oscara, odlično prolazi u kinima,

a consensus idea of what a quality Hollywood film is.

primjer kvalitetnog Hollywoodskog filma.

It pretty much flunks the Bechdel test.

Ali ne prolazi Bechdel test.

And I don't think it should, because a lot of the movie,

Ne bi ni trebao, jer velik dio filma -

I don't know if you've seen it, but a lot of the movie

ne znam jeste li ga pogledali - ali, veliki dio filma

takes place in this embassy where men and women

se odvija u veleposlanstvu gdje se muškarci i žene

are hiding out during the hostage crisis.

skrivaju tijekom talačke krize.

We've got quite a few scenes of the men

Jako je puno prizora u kojima muškarci

having deep, angst-ridden conversations in this hideout,

vode duboke, tjeskobne razgovore u tom skrovištu,

and the great moment for one of the actresses is

a veliki trenutak za jednu od glumica je

to peek through the door and say, "Are you coming to bed, honey?"

kada proviri iza vrata i upita "Dolaziš li u krevet, dušo?"

That's Hollywood for you.

To vam je Hollywood.

So let's look at the numbers.

Pogledajmo brojke.

2011, of the 100 most popular movies,

2011. godine, od 100 najpopularnijih filmova,

how many of them do you think actually have female protagonists?

koliko mislite da je imalo glavne ženske likove?

Eleven. It's not bad.

Jedanaest. Nije loše.

It's not as many percent as the number of women

Nije jednako procentu žena koje smo

we've just elected to Congress, so that's good.

upravo izabrali za Kongres.

But there is a number that is greater than this

No, postoji jedan veći broj

that's going to bring this room down.

koji će vas zaprepastiti.

Last year, The New York Times published a study

Prošle godine, New York Times objavio je studiju

that the government had done.

koju je provela vlada.

Here's what it said.

Evo što je pisalo.

One out of five women in America

Jedna od pet žena u Americi

say that they have been sexually assaulted some time in their life.

kaže da je tijekom života bila seksualno napastovana.

Now, I don't think that's the fault of popular entertainment.

Ne smatram da je za to kriva popularna zabava i

I don't think kids' movies have anything to do with that.

da dječji filmovi imaju ikakve veze s time.

I don't even think that

Čak ne smatram da su

music videos or pornography are really directly related to that,

glazbeni spotovi i pornografija izravno povezani s time.

but something is going wrong,

No, nešto ne štima

and when I hear that statistic,

i kada čujem te brojke,

one of the things I think of is

jedna od stvari na koje pomislim jest

that's a lot of sexual assailants.

da ima mnogo seksualnih napadača.

Who are these guys? What are they learning?

Tko su ti tipovi? Što to oni uče?

What are they failing to learn?

Što to ne uspijevaju naučiti?

Are they absorbing the story that

Usvajaju li oni priču kako je

a male hero's job is to defeat the villain with violence

zadatak muškog junaka poraziti negativca nasiljem,

and then collect the reward, which is a woman

a potom pokupiti nagradu, koja je žena

who has no friends and doesn't speak?

bez prijatelja i koja ne govori?

Are we soaking up that story?

Upijamo li mi tu priču?

You know,

Znate,

as a parent with the privilege

kao roditelj koji ima povlasticu

of raising a daughter

odgajati kćer,

like all of you who are doing the same thing,

kao i svi vi koji to radite,

we find this world and this statistic very alarming

smatramo ovaj svijet i ove brojke vrlo uznemirujućima

and we want to prepare them.

i želimo ih pripremiti.

We have tools at our disposal like "girl power,"

Na raspolaganju su nam alati poput "girl power",

and we hope that that will help,

i nadamo se da će nam to pomoći.

but I gotta wonder, is girl power going to protect them

No moram se upitati, hoće li ih "girl power" zaštititi

if, at the same time, actively or passively,

ako, u isto vrijeme, aktivno ili pasivno

we are training our sons to maintain their boy power?

učimo svoje sinove da očuvaju svoj "boy power"?

I mean, I think the Netflix queue

Mislim da je Netflix queue

is one way that we can do something very important,

jedan od načina da postignemo nešto vrlo važno,

and I'm talking mainly to the dads here.

a ovdje se posebno obraćam očevima.

I think we have got to show our sons

Mislim da trebamo pokazati sinovima

a new definition of manhood.

novu definiciju muškosti.

The definition of manhood is already turning upside down.

Ta se definicija već izvrće naglavačke.

You've read about how the new economy

Čitali ste kako novi gospodarski sustav

is changing the roles of caregiver and wage earner.

mijenja uloge odgajatelja i privređivača.

They're throwing it up in the air.

Sve se to izvrće.

So our sons are going to have to find some way

Naći će sinovi stoga trebati pronaći način

of adapting to this, some new relationship with each other,

da se tome prilagode, neku novu vezu među sobom.

and I think we really have to show them, and model for them,

Mislim da je na nama da im pokažemo, da im budemo uzor,

how a real man

kako je pravi muškarac

is someone who trusts his sisters

netko tko vjeruje svojim sestrama,

and respects them, and wants to be on their team,

poštuje ih, želi biti na njihovoj strani

and stands up against the real bad guys,

i koji će se usprotiviti pravim negativcima,

who are the men who want to abuse the women.

a to su muškarci koji žele zlostavljati žene.

And I think our job in the Netflix queue

Naš posao u Netflix queueu

is to look out for those movies that pass the Bechdel Test,

jest da potražimo filmove koji prolaze Bechdel test,

if we can find them, and to seek out the heroines

ako ih možemo pronaći, i da potražimo junakinje

who are there,

koje postoje,

who show real courage, who bring people together,

koje pokazuju istinsku hrabrost i spajaju ljude

and to nudge our sons to identify with those heroines

te da potaknemo svoje sinove da se poistovjete s tim junakinjama

and to say, "I want to be on their team,"

i da kažu "Želim biti na njihovoj strani",

because they're going to be on their team.

jer će one biti na njihovoj strani.

When I asked my daughter who her favorite character was in "Star Wars,"

Kada sam pitao kćer tko joj je najdraži lik iz "Zvjezdanih ratova",

do you know what she said?

znate li što mi je rekla?

Obi-Wan.

Obi-Wan.

Obi-Wan Kenobi and Glinda.

Obi-Wan Kenobi i Glinda.

What do these two have in common?

Što ovo dvoje imaju zajedničko?

Maybe it's not just the sparkly dress.

Možda ne samo šljokičastu haljinu.

I think these people are experts.

Njih dvoje su stručnjaci.

I think these are the two people in the movie

To je dvoje ljudi

who know more than anybody else,

koji znaju više od ikoga drugog u filmu

and they love sharing their knowledge with other people

i vole dijeliti svoje znanje s drugima

to help them reach their potential.

kako bi im pomogli da dosegnu svoj potencijal.

Now, they are leaders.

Oni su vođe.

I like that kind of quest for my daughter,

Sviđa mi se takva zadaća za moju kćer,

and I like that kind of quest for my son.

a i za mog sina.

I want more quests like that.

Volio bih da je više takvih zadaća.

I want fewer quests where my son is told,

Želio bio da je manje onih zadaća koje govore mom sinu

"Go out and fight it alone,"

"Idi i bori se sam",

and more quests where he sees that it's his job to join a team,

a više onih gdje vidi da je njegov zadatak pridružiti se ekipi,

maybe a team led by women,

koju možda predvode žene,

to help other people become better

kako bi pomogao drugima da postanu i

and be better people,

budu bolji ljudi,

like the Wizard of Oz.

poput Čarobnjaka iz Oza.

Thank you.

Hvala.