The genius of the London Tube Map | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

Translator: Krystian Aparta Reviewer: Camille Martínez

Translator: Ilze Garda Reviewer: Raimonds Jaks

The history of civilization, in some ways, is a history of maps:

Civilizācijas vēsture savā ziņā ir karšu vēsture:

How have we come to understand the world around us?

kā gan mums ir izdevies saprast apkārt esošo pasauli?

One of the most famous maps works because it really isn't a map at all.

Viena no slavenākajām kartēm darbojas, jo tā patiesībā nemaz nav karte.

[Small thing. Big idea.]

[Maza lieta. Liela ideja.]

[Michael Bierut on the London Tube Map]

[Maikls Bjēruts par Londonas metro karti]

The London Underground came together in 1908,

Londonas metro tapa 1908. gadā,

when eight different independent railways merged

apvienojot astoņus atsevišķus sliežu ceļus,

to create a single system.

lai radītu vienotu sistēmu.

They needed a map to represent that system

Šīs sistēmas atainošanai vajadzēja karti,

so people would know where to ride.

lai cilvēki zinātu, kurp braukt.

The map they made is complicated.

Izveidotā karte ir sarežģīta.

You can see rivers, bodies of water, trees and parks --

Tajā redzamas upes, ūdenstilpnes, koki un parki –

the stations were all crammed together at the center of the map,

kartes centrā stacijas ir cieši saspiestas,

and out in the periphery, there were some that couldn't even fit on the map.

un tālāk, perifērijā, dažas pat neievietojas uz kartes.

So the map was geographically accurate, but maybe not so useful.

Tā ka karte bija ģeogrāfiski precīza, taču ne īpaši noderīga.

Enter Harry Beck.

Ierodas Herijs Beks.

Harry Beck was a 29-year-old engineering draftsman

Herijs Beks bija 29 gadus vecs inženieris-projektētājs,

who had been working on and off for the London Underground.

kurš ar pārtraukumiem strādāja Londonas metro.

Un viņš saprata ko svarīgu,

And he had a key insight,

and that was that people riding underground in trains

proti, ka tiem, kas brauc ar metro,

don't really care what's happening aboveground.

patiesībā nerūp, kas notiek virszemē.

They just want to get from station to station --

Viņi vienkārši grib nokļūt no stacijas līdz stacijai.

"Where do I get on? Where do I get off?"

Kur jāiekāpj? Kur jāizkāpj?

It's the system that's important, not the geography.

Svarīga ir sistēma, nevis ģeogrāfija.

He's taken this complicated mess of spaghetti,

Viņš šo samudžināto spageti vienkāršoja.

and he's simplified it.

The lines only go in three directions:

Līnijas iet tikai trijos virzienos:

they're horizontal, they're vertical, or they're 45 degrees.

tās ir horizontālas, vertikālas vai 45 grādu leņķī.

Likewise, he spaced the stations equally,

Tāpat viņš izvietoja stacijas vienādos attālumos,

he's made every station color correspond to the color of the line,

katru staciju iekrāsoja atbilstošās līnijas krāsā

and he's fixed it all so that it's not really a map anymore.

un sakārtoja to visu tā, ka tā vairs nebija īsti karte.

What it is is a diagram,

Tā bija kļuvusi par diagrammu,

just like circuitry,

gluži kā elektroshēma,

except the circuitry here isn't wires conducting electrons,

tomēr šī shēma nav elektronus vadošas stieples,

it's tubes containing trains conducting people from place to place.

bet gan tuneļi vilcieniem, kas pārvadā cilvēkus no vienas vietas uz otru.

In 1933, the Underground decided, at last, to give Harry Beck's map a try.

1933. gadā metro beidzot nolēma Herija Beka ideju izmēģināt.

The Underground did a test run of a thousand of these maps, pocket-size.

Metro nodrukāja pilottirāžu – tūkstoti kabatas izmēra karšu.

They were gone in one hour.

Tās izķēra stundas laikā.

Viņi saprata, ka tur kaut kas ir,

They realized they were onto something,

they printed 750,000 more,

nodrukāja vēl 750 000,

and this is the map that you see today.

un tā ir šodien pazīstamā karte.

Beck's design really became the template

Beka dizains kļuva par veidni tam,

for the way we think of metro maps today.

kā mūsdienās iedomājamies metro kartes.

Tokyo, Paris, Berlin, São Paulo, Sydney, Washington, D.C. --

Tokija, Parīze, Berlīne, Sanpaulu, Sidneja, Vašingtona –

all of them convert complex geography

tās visas sarežģītu ģeogrāfiju pārvērš

into crisp geometry.

precīzā ģeometrijā.

All of them use different colors to distinguish between lines,

Tās visas līniju nošķiršanai izmanto dažādas krāsas,

all of them use simple symbols to distinguish between types of stations.

tās visas staciju veidu nošķiršanai izmanto vienkāršus simbolus.

They all are part of a universal language, seemingly.

Tās visas šķietami ir universālas valodas daļa.

I bet Harry Beck wouldn't have known what a user interface was,

Varu derēt, ka Herijs Beks nezināja, kas ir lietotāja saskarne,

but that's really what he designed

bet tieši to viņš arī radīja.

and he really took that challenge and broke it down to three principles

Viņš pieņēma šo izaicinājumu un sadalīja to trīs principos,

ko, manuprāt, var izmantot gandrīz jebkurai dizaina problēmai.

that I think can be applied in nearly any design problem.

First one is focus.

Pirmais – koncentrēšanās.

Focus on who you're doing this for.

Koncentrēties uz lietotāju.

The second principle is simplicity.

Otrais princips – vienkāršība.

What's the shortest way to deliver that need?

Kāds ir īsākais ceļš šīs vajadzības apmierināšanai?

Finally, the last thing is:

Visbeidzot pēdējais princips –

Thinking in a cross-disciplinary way.

domāt starpdisciplināri.

Who would've thought that an electrical engineer

Kam gan būtu ienācis prātā,

ka elektroinženieris

would be the person to hold the key

atrisinās vienu no tolaik sarežģītākajām sistēmām pasaulē?

to unlock what was then one of the most complicated systems in the world --

all started by one guy with a pencil and an idea.

Tas viss sākās ar kādu, kam bija zīmulis un ideja.