The genius of the London Tube Map | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

380,032 views

2018-11-03 ใƒป TED


New videos

The genius of the London Tube Map | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

380,032 views ใƒป 2018-11-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Krystian Aparta Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sojeong KIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : Boram Cho
00:12
The history of civilization, in some ways, is a history of maps:
1
12444
3817
๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š”, ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
How have we come to understand the world around us?
2
16285
2699
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด ์ง€๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ '์ง€๋„'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
00:19
One of the most famous maps works because it really isn't a map at all.
3
19008
4256
00:23
[Small thing. Big idea.]
4
23288
2703
[์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ]
[๋งˆ์ดํด ๋น„์—๋ฃจํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๋…ธ์„ ๋„]
00:27
[Michael Bierut on the London Tube Map]
5
27133
2319
00:29
The London Underground came together in 1908,
6
29707
2834
1908๋…„ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
when eight different independent railways merged
7
32565
2772
8๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ฒ ๋„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ
00:35
to create a single system.
8
35361
1719
๋‹จ์ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
They needed a map to represent that system
9
37104
2231
์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ์„ ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:39
so people would know where to ride.
10
39359
1722
์–ด๋””์„œ ํƒ€์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:41
The map they made is complicated.
11
41105
3057
์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋…ธ์„ ๋„๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณต์žกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
You can see rivers, bodies of water, trees and parks --
12
44186
2952
๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ, ์ˆฒ๊ณผ ๊ณต์›๋„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:47
the stations were all crammed together at the center of the map,
13
47162
3059
์ง€๋„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ญ์„ ์–ต์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:50
and out in the periphery, there were some that couldn't even fit on the map.
14
50245
3601
๊ต์™ธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ญ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ƒ ๋‹ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:53
So the map was geographically accurate, but maybe not so useful.
15
53870
4172
์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋”ฑํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Enter Harry Beck.
16
58066
1418
๊ทธ๋•Œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฒก์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Harry Beck was a 29-year-old engineering draftsman
17
59892
3468
ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฒก์€ 29์„ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ œ๋„๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
who had been working on and off for the London Underground.
18
63384
2792
๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ ์ด๋”ฐ๊ธˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:06
And he had a key insight,
19
66200
1245
01:07
and that was that people riding underground in trains
20
67469
3628
์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
01:11
don't really care what's happening aboveground.
21
71121
2666
์ง€์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ •์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
They just want to get from station to station --
22
73811
2485
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ญ๊ณผ ์—ญ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:16
"Where do I get on? Where do I get off?"
23
76320
1984
"์–ด๋””์„œ ํƒ€์ง€? ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€?"
01:18
It's the system that's important, not the geography.
24
78328
2738
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ง€ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
He's taken this complicated mess of spaghetti,
25
81090
2888
ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒก์€ ์–ฝํžˆ๊ณ ์„คํ‚จ ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ
01:24
and he's simplified it.
26
84002
1483
์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
The lines only go in three directions:
27
85795
1958
๋…ธ์„ ์€ ์„ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
they're horizontal, they're vertical, or they're 45 degrees.
28
87777
3320
์ˆ˜ํ‰, ์ˆ˜์ง ๋˜๋Š” 45๋„ ์‚ฌ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Likewise, he spaced the stations equally,
29
91121
2968
์—ญ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:34
he's made every station color correspond to the color of the line,
30
94113
3936
๋…ธ์„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์—ญ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ํ†ต์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ง€๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์ฃ .
01:38
and he's fixed it all so that it's not really a map anymore.
31
98073
4150
01:42
What it is is a diagram,
32
102247
1897
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‹ค์ด์–ด๊ทธ๋žจ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„์™€ ํก์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
just like circuitry,
33
104168
1235
01:45
except the circuitry here isn't wires conducting electrons,
34
105427
3693
๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋„์„ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ €๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŠœ๋ธŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
it's tubes containing trains conducting people from place to place.
35
109144
4342
01:53
In 1933, the Underground decided, at last, to give Harry Beck's map a try.
36
113835
5317
1933๋…„, ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์€
ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฒก ๋…ธ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:59
The Underground did a test run of a thousand of these maps, pocket-size.
37
119176
3436
ํฌ์ผ“ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋…ธ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์—ฌ ์žฅ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ถœํŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:02
They were gone in one hour.
38
122636
1357
ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒ์— ๋™์ด ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
They realized they were onto something,
39
124017
1913
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์˜ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  75๋งŒ ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์ธ์‡„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
they printed 750,000 more,
40
125954
2492
02:08
and this is the map that you see today.
41
128470
2439
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Beck's design really became the template
42
130933
2502
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฒก ๋””์ž์ธ์€
์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ๋…ธ์„ ๋„์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
for the way we think of metro maps today.
43
133459
2448
02:15
Tokyo, Paris, Berlin, Sรฃo Paulo, Sydney, Washington, D.C. --
44
135931
4834
๋„์ฟ„, ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ, ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ, ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋ฃจ, ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ, ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ดDC.
02:20
all of them convert complex geography
45
140789
2574
๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ์„ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์„
02:23
into crisp geometry.
46
143387
1668
์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
02:25
All of them use different colors to distinguish between lines,
47
145080
3436
๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:28
all of them use simple symbols to distinguish between types of stations.
48
148541
4147
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
They all are part of a universal language, seemingly.
49
152773
2939
๋งˆ์น˜ ๋งŒ๊ตญ ๊ณต์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
I bet Harry Beck wouldn't have known what a user interface was,
50
155804
3694
ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฒก์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค(UI)๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•˜์„ ๋ฆฌ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
02:39
but that's really what he designed
51
159601
2178
๊ทธ๋Š” UI ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
and he really took that challenge and broke it down to three principles
52
161803
3339
๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์น™์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
02:45
that I think can be applied in nearly any design problem.
53
165167
2671
02:47
First one is focus.
54
167863
1150
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Focus on who you're doing this for.
55
169143
2000
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ์ธ๊ฐ€?
02:51
The second principle is simplicity.
56
171501
2000
๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
What's the shortest way to deliver that need?
57
173553
2828
์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
02:56
Finally, the last thing is:
58
176490
1823
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
02:58
Thinking in a cross-disciplinary way.
59
178338
2203
๊ต์ฐจ ํ•™์ œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
Who would've thought that an electrical engineer
60
180642
2793
๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด
03:03
would be the person to hold the key
61
183459
2320
์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ• 
03:05
to unlock what was then one of the most complicated systems in the world --
62
185870
4003
์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:10
all started by one guy with a pencil and an idea.
63
190028
2762
ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์—ฐํ•„์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7