Questioning the universe | Stephen Hawking

6,905,187 views ใƒป 2008-04-04

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Taikyoung KIM ๊ฒ€ํ† : Yuran Kim
00:13
There is nothing bigger or older than the universe.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ณ , ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋ฌผ์Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
The questions I would like to talk about are:
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ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”๊ฐ€?
00:25
one, where did we come from?
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00:29
How did the universe come into being?
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
00:34
Are we alone in the universe?
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์ € ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
00:37
Is there alien life out there?
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
00:40
What is the future of the human race?
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00:43
Up until the 1920s,
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1920๋…„ ๋Œ€ ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„
๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ 
00:46
everyone thought the universe was essentially static
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00:49
and unchanging in time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ 
00:52
Then it was discovered that the universe was expanding.
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00:56
Distant galaxies were moving away from us.
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๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ 
01:01
This meant they must have been closer together in the past.
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01:06
If we extrapolate back,
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๋˜์ง‘์–ด ์ถ”๋ก ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:08
we find we must have all been on top of each other
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ค‘์ฒฉ๋˜์–ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:12
about 15 billion years ago.
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150์–ต๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
This was the Big Bang, the beginning of the universe.
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01:20
But was there anything before the Big Bang?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น…๋ฑ… ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:24
If not, what created the universe?
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์™œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:28
Why did the universe emerge from the Big Bang the way it did?
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์€ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ 
01:34
We used to think that the theory of the universe
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01:37
could be divided into two parts.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:40
First, there were the laws
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01:42
like Maxwell's equations and general relativity
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๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
01:45
that determined the evolution of the universe,
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
01:48
given its state over all of space at one time.
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๊ทธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”
๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
01:53
And second, there was no question of the initial state of the universe.
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์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ง„์ „์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์™”๊ณ ,
01:59
We have made good progress on the first part,
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02:03
and now have the knowledge of the laws of evolution
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:06
in all but the most extreme conditions.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:09
But until recently, we have had little idea
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜
02:12
about the initial conditions for the universe.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:16
However, this division into laws of evolution and initial conditions
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:21
depends on time and space being separate and distinct.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
Under extreme conditions, general relativity and quantum theory
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์•„๋ž˜, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž๋ก ์€
02:31
allow time to behave like another dimension of space.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:39
This removes the distinction between time and space,
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์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:43
and means the laws of evolution can also determine the initial state.
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์ง„ํ™”์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:51
The universe can spontaneously create itself out of nothing.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌด(็„ก)์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋”์šฑ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
02:58
Moreover, we can calculate a probability that the universe
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03:03
was created in different states.
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์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
WMAP์œ„์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
03:06
These predictions are in excellent agreement
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03:08
with observations by the WMAP satellite of the cosmic microwave background,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ๋งž์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํ”์ ์ธ
์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
which is an imprint of the very early universe.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:20
We think we have solved the mystery of creation.
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03:24
Maybe we should patent the universe
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:26
and charge everyone royalties for their existence.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:33
I now turn to the second big question:
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์ด์ œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:36
are we alone, or is there other life in the universe?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž์ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
03:44
We believe that life arose spontaneously on the Earth,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
so it must be possible for life to appear on other suitable planets,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:52
of which there seem to be a large number in the galaxy.
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์€ํ•˜๊ณ„์— ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:58
But we don't know how life first appeared.
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04:04
We have two pieces of observational evidence
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช… ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:07
on the probability of life appearing.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:12
The first is that we have fossils of algae from 3.5 billion years ago.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 35์–ต ๋…„ ์ „์˜
์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™”์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
The Earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” 46์–ต ๋…„ ์ „์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:23
and was probably too hot for about the first half billion years.
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ฒซ 5์–ต ๋…„ ๊ฐ„์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:33
So life appeared on Earth
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:35
within half a billion years of it being possible,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์•ฝ 5์–ต ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ผ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
04:39
which is short compared to the 10-billion-year lifetime
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 100์–ต ๋…„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
04:42
of a planet of Earth type.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:45
This suggests that the probability of life appearing is reasonably high.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:51
If it was very low, one would have expected it
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04:54
to take most of the ten billion years available.
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100์–ต ๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”, ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:59
On the other hand, we don't seem to have been visited by aliens.
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05:04
I am discounting the reports of UFOs.
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์ €๋Š” UFO์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ดด์งœ๋“ค ์•ž์—๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:08
Why would they appear only to cranks and weirdos?
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05:14
If there is a government conspiracy to suppress the reports
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์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋ ค๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์Œ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:18
and keep for itself the scientific knowledge the aliens bring,
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด ์ „ํ•ด์ค€ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋…์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:23
it seems to have been a singularly ineffective policy so far.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์—†๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์ณ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋˜ํ•œ, SETI ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:32
Furthermore, despite an extensive search by the SETI project,
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05:37
we haven't heard any alien television quiz shows.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์˜ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์‡ผ๋„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„
05:42
This probably indicates that there are no alien civilizations
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05:46
at our stage of development
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:48
within a radius of a few hundred light years.
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
05:53
Issuing an insurance policy
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์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‚ฉ์น˜์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•œ
05:55
against abduction by aliens seems a pretty safe bet.
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๋ณดํ—˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”
06:02
This brings me to the last of the big questions:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:05
the future of the human race.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:08
If we are the only intelligent beings in the galaxy,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ง€์  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ผ๋ฉด
06:12
we should make sure we survive and continue.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:19
But we are entering an increasingly dangerous period of our history.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ž์›์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด
06:28
Our population and our use of the finite resources of planet Earth
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06:32
are growing exponentially,
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์ข‹๋“  ์‹ซ๋“  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
06:35
along with our technical ability to change the environment for good or ill.
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๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:44
But our genetic code
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „ ์•”ํ˜ธ๋Š”
06:46
still carries the selfish and aggressive instincts
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ƒ์กด์˜ ์ด์ ์ด์˜€๋˜ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์„
06:49
that were of survival advantage in the past.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์•™์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:57
It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster
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07:00
in the next hundred years,
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
let alone the next thousand or million.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„, ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ๋…„์˜ ์ผ์€ ์ œ์ณ๋‘๊ณ ์„œ๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
07:08
Our only chance of long-term survival
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์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
07:11
is not to remain inward-looking on planet Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์œ„์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:15
but to spread out into space.
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์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ํŽด์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€
07:20
The answers to these big questions
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07:22
show that we have made remarkable progress in the last hundred years.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งŒ์ผ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:28
But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years,
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07:32
our future is in space.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์œ ์ธ(manned)์˜
07:36
That is why I am in favor of manned --
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07:39
or should I say, personned -- space flight.
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์ฃ , ์œ ์ธ(personed)์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ €๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ 
07:48
All of my life I have sought to understand the universe
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07:52
and find answers to these questions.
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์ด ๋ฌผ์Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ „ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰์šด์•„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
I have been very lucky
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07:57
that my disability has not been a serious handicap.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
08:01
Indeed, it has probably given me more time than most people
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๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
08:06
to pursue the quest for knowledge.
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์ง€์‹ ํƒ๊ตฌ์— ํ• ์• ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:12
The ultimate goal is a complete theory of the universe,
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08:16
and we are making good progress.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
๊ฒฝ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:22
Thank you for listening.
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08:26
Chris Anderson: Professor, if you had to guess either way,
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[ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šค] ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ํ˜น์‹œ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:29
do you now believe that it is more likely than not
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง€์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด
08:33
that we are alone in the Milky Way,
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์ด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜ผ์ž์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ 
๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์€ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:37
as a civilization of our level of intelligence or higher?
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08:57
This answer took seven minutes, and really gave me an insight
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ 7๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ €๋Š”
09:03
into the incredible act of generosity this whole talk was for TED.
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TED ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ฐ๋ช…๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
Stephen Hawking: I think it quite likely that we are the only civilization
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[์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ˜ธํ‚น] ์ „ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ด‘๋…„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ
09:23
within several hundred light years;
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๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:26
otherwise we would have heard radio waves.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋ƒˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”
๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑด ๋ฌธ๋ช…์€ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:32
The alternative is that civilizations don't last very long,
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09:37
but destroy themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ง€์š”
[ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค] ํ˜ธํ‚น ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:40
CA: Professor Hawking, thank you for that answer.
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09:44
We will take it as a salutary warning, I think,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตํ›ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”
์ด๋ฒˆ์ฃผ์— ๋‚จ์€ ํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
09:47
for the rest of our conference this week.
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09:50
Professor, we really thank you for the extraordinary effort you made
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ์ €ํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผ์‹ 
09:54
to share your questions with us today.
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ํฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
Thank you very much indeed.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:59
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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