Peter Norvig: The 100,000-student classroom

97,777 views ใƒป 2012-06-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
Everyone is both a learner
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืชืœืžื™ื“
00:18
and a teacher.
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ื•ื’ื ืžื•ืจื”.
00:19
This is me being inspired
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ื–ื” ืื ื™, ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”
00:22
by my first tutor,
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ืžื”ืžื—ื ืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
00:23
my mom,
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™,
00:24
and this is me teaching
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ื•ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“
00:27
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
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ืžื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
00:29
to 200 students
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ืœ- 200 ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
00:30
at Stanford University.
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“.
00:31
Now the students and I
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ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืื ื™
00:33
enjoyed the class,
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ื ื”ื ื ื• ืžื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ,
00:34
but it occurred to me
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื™
00:35
that while the subject matter
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ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื
00:37
of the class is advanced
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืงื“ื
00:38
and modern,
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ื•ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
00:39
the teaching technology isn't.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื.
00:41
In fact, I use basically
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
00:43
the same technology as
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ืžื•
00:46
this 14th-century classroom.
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ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-14.
00:48
Note the textbook,
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืกืคืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
00:51
the sage on the stage,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”,
00:54
and the sleeping guy
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ
00:56
in the back. (Laughter)
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ืžืื—ื•ืจ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:57
Just like today.
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:00
So my co-teacher,
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ืื– ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœื™,
01:03
Sebastian Thrun, and I thought,
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ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•,
01:05
there must be a better way.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:06
We challenged ourselves
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ืื™ืชื’ืจื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
01:08
to create an online class
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืก ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ
01:09
that would be equal or better
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืชื•
01:11
in quality to our Stanford class,
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“,
01:13
but to bring it to anyone
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“
01:16
in the world for free.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
01:17
We announced the class on July 29th,
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ื”ื›ืจื–ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื‘-29 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™,
01:20
and within two weeks, 50,000 people
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ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื, 50,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
01:23
had signed up for it.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืจืฉืžื• ืืœื™ื•.
01:24
And that grew to 160,000 students
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ 160,000 ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
01:28
from 209 countries.
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ืž- 209 ืืจืฆื•ืช.
01:30
We were thrilled to have
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ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
01:31
that kind of audience,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื–ื” ืงื”ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
01:32
and just a bit terrified that we
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ื•ื’ื ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื“ื ื•
01:35
hadn't finished preparing the class yet. (Laughter)
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืก. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:37
So we got to work.
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ืื– ื ื™ื’ืฉื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
01:39
We studied what others had done,
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื›ื‘ืจ,
01:41
what we could copy and what we could change.
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ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื•ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช.
01:43
Benjamin Bloom had showed
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ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื ื”ืจืื” ื›ื‘ืจ
01:46
that one-on-one tutoring works best,
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ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“-ืขืœ-ืื—ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘,
01:47
so that's what we tried to emulate,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื—ืงื•ืช,
01:50
like with me and my mom,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชื™ ื•ืขื ืืžื ืฉืœื™,
01:51
even though we knew
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื•
01:53
it would be one-on-thousands.
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ืืœืคื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
01:54
Here, an overhead video camera
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ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•
01:57
is recording me as I'm talking
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ืฉืžืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ
01:59
and drawing on a piece of paper.
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ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ.
02:00
A student said, "This class felt
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืืžืจ ืœื™, "ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ
02:03
like sitting in a bar
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ื›ืžื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจ
02:04
with a really smart friend
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ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื›ื
02:05
who's explaining something
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ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
02:06
you haven't grasped, but are about to."
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ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื."
02:09
And that's exactly what we were aiming for.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืืœื™ื•.
02:11
Now, from Khan Academy, we saw
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื’ื, ืžืืงื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืงืืŸ,
02:14
that short 10-minute videos
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ืฉืกืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 10 ื“ืงื•ืช
02:15
worked much better than trying
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ืขื‘ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื ืกื•ืช
02:17
to record an hour-long lecture
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ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœืžื”
02:19
and put it on the small-format screen.
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ.
02:22
We decided to go even shorter
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฆืจื•ืช
02:24
and more interactive.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
02:26
Our typical video is two minutes,
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ืื•ืจืš ืงื˜ืข ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช,
02:28
sometimes shorter, never more
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฆืจ, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจื•ืš
02:30
than six, and then we pause for
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ืžืฉืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื
02:32
a quiz question, to make it
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœืช ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื”
02:34
feel like one-on-one tutoring.
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ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™.
02:35
Here, I'm explaining how a computer uses
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ื›ืืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
02:38
the grammar of English
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืื ื’ืœื™
02:39
to parse sentences, and here,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื ืชื— ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ื›ืืŸ,
02:41
there's a pause and the student
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜
02:43
has to reflect, understand what's going on
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
02:46
and check the right boxes
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ื•ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช
02:47
before they can continue.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš.
02:49
Students learn best when
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ
02:51
they're actively practicing.
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ื”ื ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ.
02:52
We wanted to engage them, to have them grapple
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชื, ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื˜
02:55
with ambiguity and guide them to synthesize
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ื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
02:58
the key ideas themselves.
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
02:59
We mostly avoid questions
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื ื• ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืฉืืœื•ืช
03:01
like, "Here's a formula, now
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ื›ืžื• "ื”ื ื” ื ื•ืกื—ื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
03:03
tell me the value of Y
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ื”ื’ื“ ืœื™ ืžื”ื• ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ Y
03:04
when X is equal to two."
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ X ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ 2."
03:05
We preferred open-ended questions.
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ื”ืขื“ืคื ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:07
One student wrote, "Now I'm seeing
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืื—ื“ ื›ืชื‘: " ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”
03:10
Bayes networks and examples of
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ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
03:12
game theory everywhere I look."
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ืœืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ."
03:13
And I like that kind of response.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
03:15
That's just what we were going for.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”.
03:17
We didn't want students to memorize the formulas;
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ืœื ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช.
03:19
we wanted to change the way
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
03:20
they looked at the world.
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:21
And we succeeded.
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ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื•.
03:23
Or, I should say, the students succeeded.
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ืื• ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•.
03:25
And it's a little bit ironic
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™
03:27
that we set about to disrupt traditional education,
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ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช,
03:30
and in doing so, we ended up
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช, ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืฆื‘
03:32
making our online class
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช
03:34
much more like a traditional college class
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'
03:36
than other online classes.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:38
Most online classes, the videos are always available.
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ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืงื˜ืขื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
03:41
You can watch them any time you want.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื”.
03:43
But if you can do it any time,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืจืฆื”,
03:45
that means you can do it tomorrow,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื’ื ืžื—ืจ,
03:47
and if you can do it tomorrow,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžื—ืจ,
03:48
well, you may not ever
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื
03:50
get around to it. (Laughter)
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ืชืžืฆื ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:52
So we brought back the innovation
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ืื– ื”ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœ
03:54
of having due dates. (Laughter)
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ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื™ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉื•ืช ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:56
You could watch the videos
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื
03:58
any time you wanted during the week,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
03:59
but at the end of the week,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
04:01
you had to get the homework done.
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
04:02
This motivated the students to keep going, and it also
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ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงืฆื‘,
04:04
meant that everybody was working
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ื•ื’ื ื’ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
04:07
on the same thing at the same time,
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ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
04:09
so if you went into a discussion forum,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื
04:10
you could get an answer from a peer within minutes.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช.
04:13
Now, I'll show you some of the forums, most of which
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื
04:16
were self-organized by the students themselves.
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ืื•ืจื’ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
04:19
From Daphne Koller and Andrew Ng, we learned
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ืžื“ืคื ื™ ืงื•ืœืจ ื•ืื ื“ืจื• ืื ื’, ืœืžื“ื ื•
04:22
the concept of "flipping" the classroom.
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ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ "ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื”".
04:24
Students watched the videos
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื
04:25
on their own, and then they
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ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื
04:27
come together to discuss them.
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ื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
04:28
From Eric Mazur, I learned about peer instruction,
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ืžืืจื™ืง ืžื–ื•ืจ, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ืœื›ื™ืชื”,
04:31
that peers can be the best teachers,
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ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
04:34
because they're the ones
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืืœื”
04:36
that remember what it's like to not understand.
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ืฉื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ.
04:38
Sebastian and I have forgotten some of that.
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ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื—ื ื• ืื™ืš ื–ื”.
04:41
Of course, we couldn't have
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
04:43
a classroom discussion with
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ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืขื
04:45
tens of thousands of students,
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื,
04:47
so we encouraged and nurtured these online forums.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื•ื“ื“ื ื• ื•ื˜ื™ืคื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
04:50
And finally, from Teach For America,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืž"ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”"
04:53
I learned that a class is not
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ืจืฆืื”
04:55
primarily about information.
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ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:56
More important is motivation and determination.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช.
04:59
It was crucial that the students see
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ืจืื•
05:01
that we're working hard for them and
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื
05:03
they're all supporting each other.
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ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•.
05:04
Now, the class ran 10 weeks,
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ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืจืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
05:07
and in the end, about half of the 160,000 students watched
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื•, ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืฆื™ ืž-160,000 ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฆืคื•
05:11
at least one video each week,
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
05:12
and over 20,000 finished all the homework,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20,000 ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
05:15
putting in 50 to 100 hours.
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ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืš 50-100 ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:17
They got this statement of accomplishment.
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ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื•.
05:18
So what have we learned?
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ืื– ืžื” ืœืžื“ื ื•?
05:21
Well, we tried some old ideas
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื™ื
05:23
and some new and put them together,
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืžื ื• ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“,
05:25
but there are more ideas to try.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช.
05:27
Sebastian's teaching another class now.
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ืกื‘ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื•ืจืก ื ื•ืกืฃ.
05:29
I'll do one in the fall.
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ืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกืชื™ื•.
05:30
Stanford Coursera, Udacity, MITx
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Stanford Coursera, Udacity, MITx
05:34
and others have more classes coming.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš.
05:36
It's a really exciting time.
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ื–ืืช ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ืฉืช.
05:38
But to me, the most exciting
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ
05:39
part of it is the data that we're gathering.
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ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื.
05:42
We're gathering thousands
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืœืคื™
05:45
of interactions per student per class,
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื•ืจืก,
05:47
billions of interactions altogether,
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ืžืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
05:49
and now we can start analyzing that,
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ืฉื›ืขืช ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืชื—,
05:51
and when we learn from that,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืœืžื“ ืžื”ืŸ,
05:53
do experimentations,
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ื ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื,
05:54
that's when the real revolution will come.
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ืื– ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืชื’ื™ืข.
05:56
And you'll be able to see the results from
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ื•ืืชื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช
05:59
a new generation of amazing students.
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ืžื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
06:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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