Dan Cobley: What physics taught me about marketing

188,924 views ใƒป 2010-08-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
So I work in marketing, which I love,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื–ืืช.
00:18
but my first passion was physics,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”.
00:21
a passion brought to me by a wonderful school teacher,
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ืžื•ืจื” ื ืคืœื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืขื•ืจืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื•,
00:24
when I had a little less gray hair.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืจ ืืคื•ืจ.
00:27
So he taught me
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ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™
00:29
that physics is cool
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ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘
00:31
because it teaches us so much about the world around us.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
00:33
And I'm going to spend the next few minutes trying to convince you
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืชื›ื
00:36
that physics can teach us something about marketing.
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ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
00:39
So quick show of hands --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” --
00:41
who studied some marketing in university?
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ืžื™ ืœืžื“ ืงืฆืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”?
00:43
Who studied some physics in university?
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ืžื™ ืœืžื“ ืงืฆืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”?
00:45
Pretty good. And at school?
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ื™. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ?
00:47
Okay, lots of you.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื.
00:49
So, hopefully this will bring back some happy,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืœื™ื›ื
00:51
or possibly some slightly disturbing memories.
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ื›ืžื” ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื.
00:54
So, physics and marketing.
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ืื–, ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง:
00:58
We'll start with something very simple -- Newton's Law:
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื—ื•ืง ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ:
01:00
"The force equals mass times acceleration."
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"ื”ื›ื— ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืžืกื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืชืื•ืฆื”."
01:03
This is something that perhaps Turkish Airlines
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ืช
01:05
should have studied a bit more carefully
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื•
01:08
before they ran this campaign.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื™ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:13
But if we rearrange this formula quickly,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื”,
01:16
we can get to acceleration equals force over mass,
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืื•ืฆื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ื— ื—ืœืงื™ ืžืกื”,
01:19
which means
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ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•,
01:21
that for a larger particle -- a larger mass --
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืกื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
01:24
it requires more force to change its direction.
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ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื— ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
01:28
It's the same with brands:
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ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื.
01:30
the more massive a brand, the more baggage it has,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืขืŸ,
01:33
the more force is needed to change its positioning.
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ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื™ืฆื•ื‘ื•.
01:36
And that's one of the reasons why
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ื•ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข
01:38
Arthur Andersen chose to launch Accenture
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ืืจืชื•ืจ ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืืงืกื ื˜ื•ืจ
01:41
rather than try to persuade the world
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:43
that Andersen's could stand for something
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ืฉื”ืื ื“ืจืกื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
01:45
other than accountancy.
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ืฉืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช.
01:47
It explains why Hoover
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ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื‘ืจ
01:49
found it very difficult to persuade the world
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ื”ืชืงืฉืชื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:51
that it was more than vacuum cleaners,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืื‘ื™-ืื‘ืง,
01:53
and why companies like Unilever and P&G
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื ื™ืœื•ื•ืจ ื•-P&G
01:56
keep brands separate,
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ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื,
01:58
like Ariel and Pringles and Dove
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ื›ืžื• OREO ื•-Pringle ื•-Dove
02:01
rather than having one giant parent brand.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชื’ ืขื ืง ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื—ื“.
02:05
So the physics is that the bigger the mass of an object
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ืื– ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืกืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”,
02:08
the more force is needed
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ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื—
02:10
to change its direction.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•.
02:12
The marketing is, the bigger a brand,
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ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื–ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
02:14
the more difficult it is to reposition it.
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ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
02:16
So think about a portfolio of brands
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ืื– ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืกื“ืจืช ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื
02:18
or maybe new brands for new ventures.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
02:21
Now, who remembers Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?
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ืžื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืื™-ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ื–ื ื‘ืจื’?
02:24
Getting a little more technical now.
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ืื ื ื™ื›ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื,
02:26
So this says that
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ
02:28
it's impossible, by definition,
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื”,
02:30
to measure exactly the state -- i.e., the position --
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ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื,
02:32
and the momentum of a particle,
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื ื˜ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ืง,
02:34
because the act of measuring it, by definition, changes it.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื”, ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื.
02:37
So to explain that -- if you've got an elementary particle
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ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™
02:39
and you shine a light on it,
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ื•ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืจ,
02:41
then the photon of light has momentum,
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ืคื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื•ืžื ื˜ื•ื,
02:44
which knocks the particle,
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ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ืง,
02:47
so you don't know where it was before you looked at it.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื ื‘ื•.
02:50
By measuring it,
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”,
02:52
the act of measurement changes it.
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ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื•.
02:54
The act of observation changes it.
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ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืฆืคื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื•.
02:56
It's the same in marketing.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
02:58
So with the act of observing consumers, changes their behavior.
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ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื.
03:01
Think about the group of moms
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืืžื”ื•ืช
03:04
who are talking about their wonderful children in a focus group,
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ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื,
03:07
and almost none of them buy lots of junk food.
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื ืงื•ื ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ-ืžื”ื™ืจ.
03:10
And yet, McDonald's sells hundreds of millions of burgers every year.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืงื“ื•ื ืœื“ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
03:13
Think about the people who are on accompanied shops in supermarkets,
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงื ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื,
03:16
who stuff their trolleys
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ืืฉืจ ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ืขื’ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื
03:18
full of fresh green vegetables and fruit,
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ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช,
03:20
but don't shop like that any other day.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:23
And if you think about the number of people
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ื•ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
03:25
who claim in surveys
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ื”ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื
03:27
to regularly look for porn on the Web,
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ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืคื•ืจื ื•,
03:29
it's very few.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืกืงืจื™ื.
03:31
Yet, at Google, we know it's the number-one searched for category.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืชืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ืขื“ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ื“.
03:35
So luckily, the science --
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ืื– ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ื”ืžื“ืข --
03:37
no, sorry -- the marketing is getting easier.
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ืœื, ืกืœื™ื—ื” -- ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:40
Luckily, with now better point-of-sale tracking,
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื”,
03:43
more digital media consumption,
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ืขื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื,
03:45
you can measure more what consumers actually do,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื” ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
03:48
rather than what they say they do.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
03:50
So the physics is
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ืื– ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื,
03:52
you can never accurately and exactly
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ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง
03:54
measure a particle,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืง
03:56
because the observation changes it.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื•.
03:58
The marketing is -- the message for marketing is --
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ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื•ื -- ื”ืžืกืจ ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื•ื --
04:01
that try to measure what consumers actually do,
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืžื” ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
04:04
rather than what they say they'll do
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื•
04:06
or anticipate they'll do.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื•.
04:09
So next, the scientific method --
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ื”ืœืื”, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช,
04:12
an axiom of physics, of all science --
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ืืงืกื™ื•ืžื” ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืข --
04:14
says you cannot prove a hypothesis through observation,
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ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื“ืจืš ืชืฆืคื™ืช.
04:16
you can only disprove it.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจืง ืœื”ืคืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื”.
04:18
What this means is you can gather more and more data
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
04:21
around a hypothesis or a positioning,
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ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื• ืžื™ืชื•ื’,
04:23
and it will strengthen it, but it will not conclusively prove it.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื–ืงื• ืื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื•ืคื™.
04:26
And only one contrary data point
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ื•ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืชื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืกื•ืชืจ
04:28
can blow your theory out of the water.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืกืง ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”.
04:31
So if we take an example --
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ืื– ืื ื ืงื— ื“ื•ื’ืžื --
04:33
Ptolemy had dozens of data points to support his theory
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ืœืชืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•
04:36
that the planets would rotate around the Earth.
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ืฉื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™-ื”ืœื›ืช ื ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:39
It only took one robust observation from Copernicus
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื” ืจืง ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืื™ืชื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืจื ื™ืงื•ืก
04:42
to blow that idea out of the water.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืคืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื.
04:45
And there are parallels for marketing --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
04:47
you can invest for a long time in a brand,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’,
04:50
but a single contrary observation of that positioning
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืกื•ืชืจืช ืืช ืžื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืชื’
04:52
will destroy consumers' belief.
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ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ.
04:55
Take BP --
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืืช BP.
04:57
they spent millions of pounds over many years
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืคืื•ื ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื
04:59
building up its credentials as an environmentally friendly brand,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืชื’ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
05:02
but then one little accident.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ืชืื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืงื˜ื ื”.
05:05
Think about Toyota.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื”.
05:07
It was, for a long time, revered
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ื•ืงื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื
05:09
as the most reliable of cars,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:11
and then they had the big recall incident.
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ื•ืื– ืงืจืชื” ื”ืชืงืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
05:14
And Tiger Woods, for a long time,
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ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื•ื•ื“ืก, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
05:16
the perfect brand ambassador.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื.
05:18
Well, you know the story.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
05:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:26
So the physics is
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ืื– ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”
05:28
that you cannot prove a hypothesis,
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืฉืขืจื”,
05:30
but it's easy to disprove it --
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืœ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื”.
05:32
any hypothesis is shaky.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืขืจืขื•ืจ.
05:34
And the marketing is
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ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง,
05:36
that not matter how much you've invested in your brand,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœืš,
05:39
one bad week can undermine decades of good work.
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ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืจืข ืื—ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
05:42
So be really careful to try and avoid the screw-ups
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืคืฉืœื•ืช
05:44
that can undermine your brand.
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ื”ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœืš.
05:47
And lastly, to the slightly obscure world of entropy --
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ-ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื”,
05:50
the second law of thermodynamics.
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ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืจืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”.
05:52
This says that entropy,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื”,
05:54
which is a measure of the disorder of a system,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืื™-ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช,
05:56
will always increase.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืœื”.
05:58
The same is true of marketing.
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ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.
06:00
If we go back 20 years,
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ืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ 20 ืฉื ื” ืื—ื•ืจื”,
06:02
the one message pretty much controlled by one marketing manager
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ืžืกืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืื—ื“,
06:05
could pretty much define a brand.
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ื™ื›ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื•ืชื’.
06:08
But where we are today, things have changed.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื•.
06:11
You can get a strong brand image
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืชื’
06:13
or a message
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ืื• ืžืกืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื
06:15
and put it out there like the Conservative Party did
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉืชื”
06:17
earlier this year with their election poster.
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ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
06:20
But then you lose control of it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื•.
06:23
With the kind of digital comment creation and distribution tools
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ืขื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืฆืชืŸ,
06:26
that are available now to every consumer,
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ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ืŸ,
06:29
it's impossible to control where it goes.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืœืืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข.
06:32
Your brand starts being dispersed,
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ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื–ืจ.
06:34
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:36
it gets more chaotic.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืื•ื˜ื™.
06:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:40
It's out of your control.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืฉืœื™ื˜ืชืš.
06:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:47
I actually saw him speak -- he did a good job.
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ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
06:49
But while this may be unsettling for marketers,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ืจื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง,
06:51
it's actually a good thing.
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ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™.
06:53
This distribution of brand energy
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ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืชื’
06:55
gets your brand closer to the people,
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ืžืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœืš ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
06:57
more in with the people.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื™ (ืื•ืคื ืชื™, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™) ืืฆืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:59
It makes this distribution of energy a democratizing force,
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ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
07:02
which is ultimately good for your brand.
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœืš.
07:05
So, the lesson from physics is
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืœืงื— ืžืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื
07:07
that entropy will always increase; it's a fundamental law.
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ืฉืื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืœื”; ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™.
07:10
The message for marketing is that your brand is more dispersed.
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ื”ืžืกืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืชื’ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ.
07:13
You can't fight it, so embrace it
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ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื–ื”
07:15
and find a way to work with it.
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ื•ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื–ื”.
07:18
So to close,
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื,
07:20
my teacher, Mr. Vutter, told me
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ืžื•ืจื™, ืžืจ ื•ื•ื˜ืจ, ืืžืจ ืœื™
07:22
that physics is cool,
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ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘,
07:24
and hopefully, I've convinced you
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื™ ืชืงื•ื” ืฉืฉื›ื ืขืชื™ ืืชื›ื
07:26
that physics can teach all of us, even in the world of marketing, something special.
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ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
07:29
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
07:31
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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