Dan Cobley: What physics taught me about marketing

188,924 views ใƒป 2010-08-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sunphil Ga ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo Rim Kim
00:16
So I work in marketing, which I love,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:18
but my first passion was physics,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์—ด์ •์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:21
a passion brought to me by a wonderful school teacher,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์‹  ์€์‚ฌ๋‹˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ,
00:24
when I had a little less gray hair.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
So he taught me
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
00:29
that physics is cool
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ
00:31
because it teaches us so much about the world around us.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
And I'm going to spend the next few minutes trying to convince you
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:36
that physics can teach us something about marketing.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ํ• ์•  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
So quick show of hands --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š” --
00:41
who studied some marketing in university?
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„?
00:43
Who studied some physics in university?
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„?
00:45
Pretty good. And at school?
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์˜ค, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š”์š”?
00:47
Okay, lots of you.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋งŽ๊ตฐ์š”.
00:49
So, hopefully this will bring back some happy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
00:51
or possibly some slightly disturbing memories.
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ํ˜น์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์‹œํ‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:54
So, physics and marketing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
00:58
We'll start with something very simple -- Newton's Law:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:00
"The force equals mass times acceleration."
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"ํž˜ = ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ x ๊ฐ€์†."
01:03
This is something that perhaps Turkish Airlines
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ํ„ฐํ‚ค ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:05
should have studied a bit more carefully
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
01:08
before they ran this campaign.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:13
But if we rearrange this formula quickly,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:16
we can get to acceleration equals force over mass,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋„ = ํž˜/์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:19
which means
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์ฆ‰
01:21
that for a larger particle -- a larger mass --
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ํฐ ์ž…์ž, ํฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
01:24
it requires more force to change its direction.
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๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์ด ์š”๊ตฌ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
It's the same with brands:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
the more massive a brand, the more baggage it has,
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์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:33
the more force is needed to change its positioning.
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์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
And that's one of the reasons why
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์„œ ์•ค๋”์Šจ์ด
01:38
Arthur Andersen chose to launch Accenture
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
01:41
rather than try to persuade the world
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์™œ ์—‘์„ผ์ธ„์–ด์˜ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:43
that Andersen's could stand for something
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ˆ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:45
other than accountancy.
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๋ฒ„ํ‹ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:47
It explains why Hoover
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›„๋ฒ„๊ฐ€
01:49
found it very difficult to persuade the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ง„๊ณต์ฒญ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
01:51
that it was more than vacuum cleaners,
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์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์™œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
01:53
and why companies like Unilever and P&G
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋‹ˆ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„์™€ P&G๊ฐ™์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
01:56
keep brands separate,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฐ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
01:58
like Ariel and Pringles and Dove
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์˜ค๋ ˆ์˜ค, ํ”„๋ง๊ธ€์Šค, ๋„๋ธŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
02:01
rather than having one giant parent brand.
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๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
So the physics is that the bigger the mass of an object
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ํฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก
02:08
the more force is needed
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ท€ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:10
to change its direction.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
The marketing is, the bigger a brand,
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…๋„ ๋” ํฐ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์€
02:14
the more difficult it is to reposition it.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
So think about a portfolio of brands
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๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ˜น์€
02:18
or maybe new brands for new ventures.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฒค์ณ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:21
Now, who remembers Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ํ•˜์ธ์Šค๋ฒ„๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:24
Getting a little more technical now.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
02:26
So this says that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด
02:28
it's impossible, by definition,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™์ž…์ž๋ฅผ
02:30
to measure exactly the state -- i.e., the position --
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์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
02:32
and the momentum of a particle,
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์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:34
because the act of measuring it, by definition, changes it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ • ํ–‰๋™์ด ์šด๋™์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
So to explain that -- if you've got an elementary particle
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ - ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
02:39
and you shine a light on it,
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๋น›์— ๋น„์ถ˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›„์—
02:41
then the photon of light has momentum,
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๊ด‘์ž ์ž…์ž๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:44
which knocks the particle,
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์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:47
so you don't know where it was before you looked at it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ด‘์ž ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:50
By measuring it,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
02:52
the act of measurement changes it.
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์ธก์ • ํ–‰๋™์€ ์šด๋™์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
The act of observation changes it.
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๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์šด๋™์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
It's the same in marketing.
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์ด ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
So with the act of observing consumers, changes their behavior.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Think about the group of moms
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์•„์ด๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
03:04
who are talking about their wonderful children in a focus group,
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ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
03:07
and almost none of them buy lots of junk food.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And yet, McDonald's sells hundreds of millions of burgers every year.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งค๋…„ ๋งฅ๋„๋‚ ๋“œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์–ต๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Think about the people who are on accompanied shops in supermarkets,
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์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์˜ ํ•œ ์ƒ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:16
who stuff their trolleys
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์นดํŠธ์—
03:18
full of fresh green vegetables and fruit,
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์ฑ„์†Œ์™€ ๊ณผ์ผ์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด์ฃ ,
03:20
but don't shop like that any other day.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
And if you think about the number of people
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ
03:25
who claim in surveys
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ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
03:27
to regularly look for porn on the Web,
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:29
it's very few.
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ฃ .
03:31
Yet, at Google, we know it's the number-one searched for category.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์—์„œ 1์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
So luckily, the science --
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์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ณผํ•™์€ --
03:37
no, sorry -- the marketing is getting easier.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค -- ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Luckily, with now better point-of-sale tracking,
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์šด์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ํŒ๋งค ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜,
03:43
more digital media consumption,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์˜ํ•™ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š”,
03:45
you can measure more what consumers actually do,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:48
rather than what they say they do.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:50
So the physics is
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€,
03:52
you can never accurately and exactly
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ
03:54
measure a particle,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:56
because the observation changes it.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์ž…์ž์˜ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
The marketing is -- the message for marketing is --
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์€ -- ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” --
04:01
that try to measure what consumers actually do,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:04
rather than what they say they'll do
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ํ–‰๋™ ํ˜น์€
04:06
or anticipate they'll do.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:09
So next, the scientific method --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
04:12
an axiom of physics, of all science --
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๊ณต๋ฆฌ๋Š” --
04:14
says you cannot prove a hypothesis through observation,
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๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
you can only disprove it.
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์˜ค์ง ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
What this means is you can gather more and more data
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด๋ƒ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ˜น์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
04:21
around a hypothesis or a positioning,
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๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
04:23
and it will strengthen it, but it will not conclusively prove it.
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๋ถ€์ •์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
04:26
And only one contrary data point
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์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์ •๋ณด ์ฃผ์š” ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š”
04:28
can blow your theory out of the water.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So if we take an example --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด --
04:33
Ptolemy had dozens of data points to support his theory
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ํ”„ํ†จ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:36
that the planets would rotate around the Earth.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:39
It only took one robust observation from Copernicus
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋‹ˆ์ฟ ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:42
to blow that idea out of the water.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And there are parallels for marketing --
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
you can invest for a long time in a brand,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:50
but a single contrary observation of that positioning
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์€
04:52
will destroy consumers' belief.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
Take BP --
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BP์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:57
they spent millions of pounds over many years
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:59
building up its credentials as an environmentally friendly brand,
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์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ์šฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
05:02
but then one little accident.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:05
Think about Toyota.
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ํ† ์š”ํƒ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:07
It was, for a long time, revered
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์งํ•œ
05:09
as the most reliable of cars,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ค๋กœ ์กด๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:11
and then they had the big recall incident.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฐ ๋ฆฌ์ฝœ ์‚ฌํ…Œ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:14
And Tiger Woods, for a long time,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ด๊ฑฐ ์šฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
05:16
the perfect brand ambassador.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์˜€์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:18
Well, you know the story.
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์Œ, ๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ .
05:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:26
So the physics is
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€
05:28
that you cannot prove a hypothesis,
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๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:30
but it's easy to disprove it --
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๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
any hypothesis is shaky.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋™์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
And the marketing is
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“ ์ง€
05:36
that not matter how much you've invested in your brand,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด์™”์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:39
one bad week can undermine decades of good work.
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๋‚˜์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์™”๋˜ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
So be really careful to try and avoid the screw-ups
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹œ๋„์™€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
05:44
that can undermine your brand.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
And lastly, to the slightly obscure world of entropy --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ,
05:50
the second law of thermodynamics.
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์—ด์—ญํ•™ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ•์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
This says that entropy,
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์ด ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜
05:54
which is a measure of the disorder of a system,
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์† ํ˜ผ๋ž€์˜ ํฌํ‚ค์ธ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€
05:56
will always increase.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
The same is true of marketing.
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋ฒ•์น™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
06:00
If we go back 20 years,
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20๋…„ ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
06:02
the one message pretty much controlled by one marketing manager
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ € ํ•œ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ๋œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€
06:05
could pretty much define a brand.
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๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
But where we are today, things have changed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
You can get a strong brand image
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ
06:13
or a message
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:15
and put it out there like the Conservative Party did
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ •๋‹น์ด ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ์—
06:17
earlier this year with their election poster.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:20
But then you lose control of it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›„์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
With the kind of digital comment creation and distribution tools
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ๊ธ‰๊ณผ
06:26
that are available now to every consumer,
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๋„๊ตฌ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:29
it's impossible to control where it goes.
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์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ง€ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
06:32
Your brand starts being dispersed,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:36
it gets more chaotic.
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์ข€ ๋” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:40
It's out of your control.
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ํ†ต์ œ ๋ฐ–์ด๋„ค์š”.
06:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:47
I actually saw him speak -- he did a good job.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:49
But while this may be unsettling for marketers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํ„ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
it's actually a good thing.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
This distribution of brand energy
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๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋Š”
06:55
gets your brand closer to the people,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:57
more in with the people.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:59
It makes this distribution of energy a democratizing force,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™” ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฆ‰ ํž˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:02
which is ultimately good for your brand.
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์ด ํž˜์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:05
So, the lesson from physics is
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์€
07:07
that entropy will always increase; it's a fundamental law.
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์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
The message for marketing is that your brand is more dispersed.
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
You can't fight it, so embrace it
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒจ๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ
07:15
and find a way to work with it.
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๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
07:18
So to close,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
07:20
my teacher, Mr. Vutter, told me
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๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ
07:22
that physics is cool,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ ,
07:24
and hopefully, I've convinced you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ
07:26
that physics can teach all of us, even in the world of marketing, something special.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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