What the Russian Revolution would have looked like on social media | Mikhail Zygar

89,593 views ใƒป 2018-08-15

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
What is history?
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
00:15
It is something written by the winners.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื.
00:20
There is a stereotype that history should be focused on the rulers,
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ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืจืื•ื˜ื™ืค ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
00:24
like Lenin or Trotsky.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื ื™ืŸ ืื• ื˜ืจื•ืฆืงื™.
00:27
As a result, people in many countries, like mine, Russia,
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื™, ืจื•ืกื™ื”,
00:31
look at history as something that was predetermined
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ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืžืจืืฉ
00:35
or determined by the leaders,
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ืื• ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื,
00:38
and common people could not influence it in any way.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš.
00:41
Many Russians today do not believe that Russia could ever have been
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ืจื•ืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ ืคืขื
00:45
or ever will be a truly democratic nation,
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ืื• ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืช,
00:48
and this is due to the way history has been framed
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ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจื”
00:51
to the citizens of Russia.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
00:52
And this is not true.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:55
To prove it, I spent two years of my life trying to go 100 years back,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช 100 ืฉื ื” ืื—ื•ืจื”,
01:00
to the year 1917,
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ืœืฉื ืช 1917,
01:03
the year of the Russian Revolution.
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ืฉื ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช.
01:05
I asked myself, what if the internet and Facebook existed 100 years ago?
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™, ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื”?
01:12
So last year, we built a social network for dead people,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื,
01:17
named Project1917.com.
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ื‘ืฉื: project1917.com
01:22
My team and I created our software,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
01:24
digitized and uploaded all possible real diaries and letters
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ืกื™ืคืจืชื ื• ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
01:30
written by more than 3,000 people
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -3,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
01:33
100 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ 100 ืฉื ื”.
01:34
So any user of our website or application
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ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:38
can follow a news feed for each day of 1917
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 1917
01:42
and read what people like Stravinsky or Trotsky,
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ื•ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื˜ืจื•ื•ื™ื ืกืงื™ ืื• ื˜ืจื•ืฆืงื™,
01:46
Lenin or Pavlova and others thought and felt.
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ืœื ื™ืŸ ืื• ืคื‘ืœื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•.
01:50
We watch all those personalities being ordinary people like you and me,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš ื•ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
01:55
not demigods,
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ืœื ืืœื™ื ืœืžื—ืฆื”,
01:57
and we see that history consists of their mistakes, fears, weaknesses,
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ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช, ืคื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
02:04
not only their "genius ideas."
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืž "ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื".
02:08
Our project was a shock for many Russians,
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื’ืจื ืœื”ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
02:10
who used to think that our country has always been an autocratic empire
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ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช
02:16
and the ideas of freedom and democracy could never have prevailed,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื,
02:19
just because democracy was not our destiny.
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ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื•ืจืœื ื•.
02:23
But if we take a broader look,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:26
it's not that black and white.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ.
02:29
Yes, 1917 led to 70 years of communist dictatorship.
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ื›ืŸ, 1917 ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœ -70 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื” ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
02:35
But with this project, we see that Russia could have had a different history
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ืืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืจืื” ืฉืœืจื•ืกื™ื” ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื—ืจืช
02:40
and a democratic future, as any other country could or still can.
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ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื™ื›ืœื” ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
02:45
Reading the posts from 1917,
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ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืž 1917,
02:49
you learn that Russia was the first country in the world
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ืืชื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:52
to abolish the death penalty,
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ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช,
02:54
or one of the first ones to grant women voting rights.
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ืื• ืื—ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”.
02:59
Knowing history and understanding how ordinary people influenced history
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ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
03:05
can help us create a better future,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:07
because history is just a rehearsal of what's happening right now.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:12
We do need new ways of telling history,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
03:15
and this year, for example,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ,
03:17
we started a new online project that is called 1968Digital.com,
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03:23
and that is an online documentary series
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03:28
that gives you an impression of that year, 1968,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, 1968,
03:32
a year marked by global social change
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ืฉื ื” ืฉืžืกื•ืžื ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™
03:36
that, in many ways, created the world as we know it now.
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ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:40
But we are making that history alive
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
03:43
by imagining what if all the main characters could use mobile phones ...
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ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื...
03:49
just like that?
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืš.
03:51
And we see that a lot of individuals
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
03:57
were facing the same challenges and were fighting for the same values,
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ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื•ืชื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ื ืœื—ืžื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืขืจื›ื™ื,
04:02
no matter if they lived in the US or in USSR
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช
04:07
or in France or in China or in Czechoslovakia.
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ืื• ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ืื• ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืฆ'ื›ื•ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”.
04:11
By exposing history in such a democratic way,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ื›ื–ื•,
04:14
through social media,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
04:16
we show that people in power are not the only ones making choices.
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ืื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
04:22
That gives any user a possibility of reclaiming history.
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ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:27
Ordinary people matter.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:29
They have an impact.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืคืขื”.
04:31
Ideas matter.
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:33
Journalists, scientists, philosophers matter.
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ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
04:38
We shape society.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
04:40
We all make history.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
04:43
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
04:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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