What the Russian Revolution would have looked like on social media | Mikhail Zygar

89,195 views ・ 2018-08-15

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Joy Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
What is history?
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μ—­μ‚¬λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:15
It is something written by the winners.
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그건 μŠΉμžμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ μ“°μ—¬μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
There is a stereotype that history should be focused on the rulers,
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” ν†΅μΉ˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ³ μ • 관념이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
like Lenin or Trotsky.
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λ ˆλ‹Œμ΄λ‚˜ νŠΈλ‘œμΈ ν‚€μ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
00:27
As a result, people in many countries, like mine, Russia,
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ €μ˜ μ‘°κ΅­ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 같은 λ§Žμ€ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ
00:31
look at history as something that was predetermined
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 역사가 미리 μ •ν•΄μ‘Œκ±°λ‚˜
00:35
or determined by the leaders,
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μ§€λ„μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
and common people could not influence it in any way.
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일반 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ“  영ν–₯λ ₯을 행사할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
Many Russians today do not believe that Russia could ever have been
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λ§Žμ€ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μΈλ“€μ€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„κ°€ μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 민주주의 κ΅­κ°€μ˜€κ±°λ‚˜
00:45
or ever will be a truly democratic nation,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ 그럴 κ²ƒμž„μ„ 믿지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ°
00:48
and this is due to the way history has been framed
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그것은 역사가 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ
00:51
to the citizens of Russia.
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κ·Έλ €μ§€λŠ” 방식 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
And this is not true.
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그리고 이것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
To prove it, I spent two years of my life trying to go 100 years back,
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그것을 증λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ €λŠ” 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 제 삢을 100λ…„ λ˜λŒλ €μ„œ
01:00
to the year 1917,
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1917λ…„μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λƒˆλŠ”λ°
01:03
the year of the Russian Revolution.
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 혁λͺ…이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ ν•΄μ˜€μ£ .
01:05
I asked myself, what if the internet and Facebook existed 100 years ago?
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제 슀슀둜 λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, 만일 인터넷과 페이슀뢁이 100λ…„ 전에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–˜μ„κΉŒ?
01:12
So last year, we built a social network for dead people,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μž‘λ…„μ—, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 죽은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ
01:17
named Project1917.com.
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Project1917.comμ΄λΌλŠ” μ†Œμ…œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
My team and I created our software,
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저희 νŒ€κ³Ό μ €λŠ” μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
01:24
digitized and uploaded all possible real diaries and letters
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λ””μ§€ν„Έν™”ν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ“  κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 일기와 νŽΈμ§€λ“€μ„
01:30
written by more than 3,000 people
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100λ…„ μ „ 3,000λͺ… 이상이 μ“΄ 것을 μ—…λ‘œλ“œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
100 years ago.
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01:34
So any user of our website or application
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 우리 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ‚˜ μ‘μš©ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ”
01:38
can follow a news feed for each day of 1917
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1917λ…„μ˜ 맀일의 λ‰΄μŠ€ ν”Όλ“œλ₯Ό νŒ”λ‘œμž‰ν•  수 있고
01:42
and read what people like Stravinsky or Trotsky,
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μŠ€νŠΈλΌλΉˆμŠ€ν‚€λ‚˜ νŠΈλ‘œμΈ ν‚€, λ ˆλ‹Œ λ˜λŠ” νŒŒλΈ”λ‘œλ°” λ“±
01:46
Lenin or Pavlova and others thought and felt.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 생각과 λŠλ‚Œμ„ 읽을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
We watch all those personalities being ordinary people like you and me,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  인격듀이 μ‹ κ²©ν™”λœ μ‘΄μž¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ,
01:55
not demigods,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό 저와 같은 ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μž„μ„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
and we see that history consists of their mistakes, fears, weaknesses,
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그리고 역사가 μ‹€μˆ˜, 두렀움, μ•½μ λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
not only their "genius ideas."
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ "천재적인 생각" 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌμš”.
02:08
Our project was a shock for many Russians,
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우리 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλŠ” λ§Žμ€ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΆ©κ²©μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
who used to think that our country has always been an autocratic empire
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μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 항상 λ…μž¬ μ œκ΅­μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
02:16
and the ideas of freedom and democracy could never have prevailed,
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μžμœ μ™€ 민주주의의 생각은 κ²°μ½” μŠΉλ¦¬ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œμš”.
02:19
just because democracy was not our destiny.
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단지 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 우리의 운λͺ…이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
But if we take a broader look,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’€ 더 κ±°μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
02:26
it's not that black and white.
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이건은 흑과 백이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Yes, 1917 led to 70 years of communist dictatorship.
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λ„€, 1917년은 70λ…„κ°„μ˜ 곡산 λ…μž¬μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜μ£ .
02:35
But with this project, we see that Russia could have had a different history
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό 톡해 λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ 역사가 λ‹¬λΌμ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
02:40
and a democratic future, as any other country could or still can.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έλ ‡λ“― 민주적 미래λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ„ λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Reading the posts from 1917,
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1917λ…„μ˜ κ²Œμ‹œλ¬Όμ„ 읽으면
02:49
you learn that Russia was the first country in the world
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λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„λŠ” μ‚¬ν˜•μ„ νμ§€ν•œ 세계 졜초의 κ΅­κ°€μž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
to abolish the death penalty,
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02:54
or one of the first ones to grant women voting rights.
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λ˜λŠ” μ—¬μ„± νˆ¬ν‘œκΆŒμ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•œ 첫 번째 κ΅­κ°€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Knowing history and understanding how ordinary people influenced history
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역사λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 역사에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λ―Έμ³€λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄
03:05
can help us create a better future,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 미래λ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
because history is just a rehearsal of what's happening right now.
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μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έμ € μ§€κΈˆ λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” 일의 λ¦¬ν—ˆμ„€μ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:12
We do need new ways of telling history,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 역사λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
and this year, for example,
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μ˜¬ν•΄λŠ”, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
03:17
we started a new online project that is called 1968Digital.com,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 1968Digital.comλΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 온라인 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈλ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:23
and that is an online documentary series
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그것은 온라인 λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬ μ‹œλ¦¬μ¦ˆλ‘œ
03:28
that gives you an impression of that year, 1968,
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1968λ…„μ˜ 인상을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
a year marked by global social change
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세계적 μ‚¬νšŒλ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 보인 ν•΄λ‘œ
03:36
that, in many ways, created the world as we know it now.
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λ§Žμ€ λ©΄μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” μ§€κΈˆμ˜ 세상을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
03:40
But we are making that history alive
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 역사λ₯Ό μƒμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
03:43
by imagining what if all the main characters could use mobile phones ...
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μ£Όμš” 인물듀이 νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ„ μ“Έ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒν•˜λŠ” 상상을 ν•˜μ£ .
03:49
just like that?
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œμš”?
03:51
And we see that a lot of individuals
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:57
were facing the same challenges and were fighting for the same values,
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같은 λ¬Έμ œμ— μ§λ©΄ν–ˆκ³  같은 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš°κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ£ .
04:02
no matter if they lived in the US or in USSR
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그듀이 λ―Έκ΅­μ΄λ‚˜ μ†Œλ ¨
04:07
or in France or in China or in Czechoslovakia.
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ν˜Ήμ€ ν”„λž‘μŠ€, 쀑ꡭ, λ˜λŠ” 체코 μŠ¬λ‘œλ°”ν‚€μ•„μ— μ‚΄λ“  μƒκ΄€μ—†μ΄μš”.
04:11
By exposing history in such a democratic way,
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역사λ₯Ό κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 민주적인 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ“œλŸ¬λƒ„μœΌλ‘œμ¨
04:14
through social media,
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό 톡해
04:16
we show that people in power are not the only ones making choices.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 였직 ꢌλ ₯μžλ“€λ§Œμ΄ μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹˜μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
That gives any user a possibility of reclaiming history.
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그것은 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 역사λ₯Ό λ˜μ°Ύμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Ordinary people matter.
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
They have an impact.
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그듀은 영ν–₯λ ₯이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:31
Ideas matter.
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μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
Journalists, scientists, philosophers matter.
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언둠인, κ³Όν•™μž, μ² ν•™μžλ„ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
We shape society.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
We all make history.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 역사λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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