The surprising habits of original thinkers | Adam Grant | TED

10,740,592 views ・ 2016-04-26

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Antea Muzic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
Prije sedam godina jedan me student pitao da uložim u njegovu tvrtku.
00:13
Seven years ago, a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company.
0
13120
4416
00:17
He said, "I'm working with three friends,
1
17560
1976
Rekao je: "Radim s tri prijatelja
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt an industry by selling stuff online."
2
19560
3440
i pokušat ćemo promijeniti industriju prodavajući stvari online."
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent the whole summer on this, right?"
3
23640
3056
Ja sam odgovorio: "OK, na tome ste radili cijelo ljeto, zar ne?"
00:26
"No, we all took internships just in case it doesn't work out."
4
26720
3136
"Ne, odrađivali smo prakse za slučaj da ovo ne upali."
00:29
"All right, but you're going to go in full time once you graduate."
5
29880
3160
"OK, ali kad diplomirate, bavit ćete se time na puno radno vrijeme."
00:33
"Not exactly. We've all lined up backup jobs."
6
33640
3080
"I ne baš. Imamo rezervne opcije."
00:37
Six months go by,
7
37600
1256
Prođe šest mjeseci,
00:38
it's the day before the company launches,
8
38880
1976
tvrtka se treba pokrenuti idući dan,
00:40
and there is still not a functioning website.
9
40880
2120
a web stranica još uvijek ne radi.
00:43
"You guys realize, the entire company is a website.
10
43400
2416
"Dečki, valjda shvaćate da je stranica poanta tvrtke.
00:45
That's literally all it is."
11
45840
1360
Tvrtka JE stranica."
00:48
So I obviously declined to invest.
12
48800
3640
Jasno, odbio sam uložiti.
00:53
And they ended up naming the company Warby Parker.
13
53520
2376
Na kraju su nazvali tvrtku Warby Parker.
00:55
(Laughter)
14
55920
1616
(Smijeh)
00:57
They sell glasses online.
15
57560
1760
Prodaju naočale online.
01:00
They were recently recognized as the world's most innovative company
16
60480
3216
Nedavno su dobili titulu najinovativnije tvrtke na svijetu,
01:03
and valued at over a billion dollars.
17
63720
2016
a vrijednost im je preko milijardu dolara.
01:05
And now? My wife handles our investments.
18
65760
3320
A sada? Moja žena vodi naše investicije.
01:10
Why was I so wrong?
19
70880
1640
Zašto sam bio toliko u krivu?
Kako bih otkrio, počeo sam proučavati takozvane "originalce".
01:13
To find out, I've been studying people that I come to call "originals."
20
73000
3680
01:17
Originals are nonconformists,
21
77200
1816
Originalci su nekonformisti,
ljudi koji ne samo da imaju nove ideje,
01:19
people who not only have new ideas
22
79040
2416
01:21
but take action to champion them.
23
81480
1840
nego i poduzimaju sve da ih ostvare.
01:23
They are people who stand out and speak up.
24
83920
2536
Ljudi koji se ističu i progovaraju.
01:26
Originals drive creativity and change in the world.
25
86480
2936
Originalce pokreće kreativnost i promjena u svijetu.
01:29
They're the people you want to bet on.
26
89440
2136
To su ljudi na koje se želiš kladiti.
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected.
27
91600
2400
I uopće ne izgledaju kako sam mislio.
01:34
I want to show you today three things I've learned
28
94760
2416
Želim vam pokazati tri stvari koje sam naučio
01:37
about recognizing originals
29
97200
2016
o prepoznavanju originalaca
01:39
and becoming a little bit more like them.
30
99240
2400
i kako im postati sličniji.
01:42
So the first reason that I passed on Warby Parker
31
102440
3336
Prvi razlog zašto sam odbio Warby Parker
01:45
was they were really slow getting off the ground.
32
105800
2760
je zato što im je trebalo puno vremena da se pokrenu.
Svi ste blisko upoznati s umom prokrastinatora.
01:49
Now, you are all intimately familiar with the mind of a procrastinator.
33
109080
4280
01:54
Well, I have a confession for you. I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
34
114960
3640
Pa, moram vam nešto priznati. Ja sam upravo suprotno. Ja sam prekrastinator.
Da, taj termin postoji.
02:00
Yes, that's an actual term.
35
120120
1336
02:01
You know that panic you feel a few hours before a big deadline
36
121480
2936
Znate onu paniku koju osjetite nekoliko sati prije važnog roka
02:04
when you haven't done anything yet.
37
124440
1920
kad još niste ni započeli.
02:06
I just feel that a few months ahead of time.
38
126760
2336
Ja to osjetim mjesecima unaprijed.
(Smijeh)
02:09
(Laughter)
39
129120
2040
02:11
So this started early: when I was a kid, I took Nintendo games very seriously.
40
131920
6656
To je rano počelo: kad sam bio dijete, jako sam ozbiljno shvaćao Nintendo igrice.
02:18
I would wake up at 5am,
41
138600
2016
Probudio bih se u 5 ujutro
02:20
start playing and not stop until I had mastered them.
42
140639
2801
i igrao bez prestanka dok ih ne bih savladao.
02:24
Eventually it got so out of hand that a local newspaper came
43
144320
3496
Na kraju je to toliko izmaklo kontroli da su u lokalnim novinama
02:27
and did a story on the dark side of Nintendo, starring me.
44
147840
3976
napisali priču o tamnoj strani Nintenda, sa mnom u glavnoj ulozi.
02:31
(Laughter)
45
151840
2856
(Smijeh)
02:34
(Applause)
46
154720
2760
(Pljesak)
02:41
Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.
47
161440
2976
Od tad sam zamijenio kosu za zube.
02:44
(Laughter)
48
164440
2640
(Smijeh)
Ali, to mi je pomoglo tijekom faksa
02:49
But this served me well in college,
49
169000
3016
jer sam završio diplomski rad četiri mjeseca prije roka.
02:52
because I finished my senior thesis four months before the deadline.
50
172040
4840
I time sam se ponosio, do prije nekoliko godina.
02:58
And I was proud of that, until a few years ago.
51
178160
3656
03:01
I had a student named Jihae, who came to me and said,
52
181840
4016
Jihae, jedna od mojih studentica, mi je rekla:
03:05
"I have my most creative ideas when I'm procrastinating."
53
185880
2880
"Najkreativnija sam kad prokrastiniram."
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute, where are the four papers you owe me?"
54
189360
3216
Rekao sam joj: "Super, gdje su četiri seminara koja mi duguješ?"
03:12
(Laughter)
55
192600
1096
(Smijeh)
03:13
No, she was one of our most creative students,
56
193720
2176
Ne, bila je među najkreativnijim studenatima,
03:15
and as an organizational psychologist, this is the kind of idea that I test.
57
195920
4256
a ja kao organizacijski psiholog ispitujem upravo takve zamisli.
03:20
So I challenged her to get some data.
58
200200
2016
Izazvao sam je da prikupi podatke.
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies.
59
202240
1696
Otišla je u hrpu tvrtki.
03:23
She has people fill out surveys about how often they procrastinate.
60
203960
3416
Dala je zaposlenicima upitnike o tome koliko često prokrastiniraju.
03:27
Then she gets their bosses to rate how creative and innovative they are.
61
207400
3616
Zatim je pitala njihove šefove da ocijene koliko su kreativni i inovativni.
I uistinu, prekrastinatori poput mene,
03:31
And sure enough, the precrastinators like me,
62
211040
2856
03:33
who rush in and do everything early
63
213920
1936
koji krenu i naprave sve na vrijeme,
03:35
are rated as less creative
64
215880
1736
su ocijenjeni kao manje kreativni
03:37
than people who procrastinate moderately.
65
217640
1960
od ljudi koji umjereno prokrastiniraju.
03:40
So I want to know what happens to the chronic procrastinators.
66
220480
3176
Zato me zanimalo što je s kroničnim prokrastinatorima.
03:43
She was like, "I don't know. They didn't fill out my survey."
67
223680
2896
Rekla je: "Ne znam, oni nisu ispunili upitnik."
03:46
(Laughter)
68
226600
2496
(Smijeh)
Ne, evo naših rezultata.
03:49
No, here are our results.
69
229120
1960
03:51
You actually do see that the people who wait until the last minute
70
231880
3936
Uistinu vidite da su ljudi koji čekaju do zadnjeg trena
03:55
are so busy goofing off that they don't have any new ideas.
71
235840
3720
toliko zauzeti gubljenjem vremena da nemaju novih ideja.
04:00
And on the flip side, the people who race in
72
240680
3216
Suprotno od njih, ljudi koji žure
04:03
are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they don't have original thoughts either.
73
243920
3920
su toliko nervozni da ni oni nemaju originalnih ideja.
04:09
There's a sweet spot where originals seem to live.
74
249400
3320
Postoji idealna točka u kojoj žive originalci.
04:13
Why is this?
75
253880
1200
Zašto je to tako?
04:15
Maybe original people just have bad work habits.
76
255520
2896
Možda originalci zapravo imaju loše radne navike.
04:18
Maybe procrastinating does not cause creativity.
77
258440
3120
Možda prokrastinacija ne potiče kreativnost.
04:22
To find out, we designed some experiments.
78
262200
3216
Kako bismo to saznali, proveli smo nekoliko pokusa.
04:25
We asked people to generate new business ideas,
79
265440
2815
Pitali smo ljude da smisle nove poslovne ideje,
04:28
and then we get independent readers
80
268279
1697
a onda su zasebni čitatelji
procijenili koliko su korisne i kreativne.
04:30
to evaluate how creative and useful they are.
81
270000
3176
04:33
And some of them are asked to do the task right away.
82
273200
3416
Neke od njih smo pitali da odmah obave zadatak.
04:36
Others we randomly assign to procrastinate
83
276640
2536
Druge smo nasumice odabrali da prokrastiniraju
04:39
by dangling Minesweeper in front of them
84
279200
2000
postavljajući pred njih igricu Minesweeper
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes.
85
281840
2056
na pet ili deset minuta.
04:43
And sure enough, the moderate procrastinators
86
283920
3136
I uistinu, umjereni prokrastinatori su
16% kreativniji od druge dvije grupe.
04:47
are 16 percent more creative than the other two groups.
87
287080
3680
04:51
Now, Minesweeper is awesome, but it's not the driver of the effect,
88
291600
3176
Minesweeper je super igrica, ali ne uzrokuje ona taj efekt,
04:54
because if you play the game first before you learn about the task,
89
294800
3176
jer ako igraš igricu prije nego što saznaš za zadatak,
nema povećanja kreativnosti.
04:58
there's no creativity boost.
90
298000
1656
04:59
It's only when you're told that you're going to be working on this problem,
91
299680
3536
Tek kad ti kažu da ćeš raditi na tom zadatku,
05:03
and then you start procrastinating,
92
303240
1696
i onda počneš prokrastinirati,
05:04
but the task is still active in the back of your mind,
93
304960
2536
ali još uvijek imaš zadatak na pameti,
05:07
that you start to incubate.
94
307520
1496
tek tada počneš promišljati.
Prokrastiniranje ti daje vremena da promisliš o raznim idejama,
05:09
Procrastination gives you time to consider divergent ideas,
95
309040
3576
05:12
to think in nonlinear ways, to make unexpected leaps.
96
312640
3120
da misliš izvan okvira i da stvaraš neočekivane poveznice.
05:16
So just as we were finishing these experiments,
97
316720
2216
Taman kad smo privodili kraju ove pokuse,
05:18
I was starting to write a book about originals,
98
318960
2496
počeo sam pisati knjigu o originalcima
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect time to teach myself to procrastinate,
99
321480
4536
te sam pomislio: "Ovo je idealna prilika da se naučim kako prokrastinirati,
dok pišem poglavlje o prokrastinaciji."
05:26
while writing a chapter on procrastination."
100
326040
2080
05:28
So I metaprocrastinated,
101
328720
1400
Tako sam metaprokrastinirao,
te sam se, poput svakog prekrastinatora koji drži do sebe,
05:32
and like any self-respecting precrastinator,
102
332120
3376
05:35
I woke up early the next morning
103
335520
1576
probudio rano iduće jutro
i napravio popis koraka kako prokrastinirati.
05:37
and I made a to-do list with steps on how to procrastinate.
104
337120
2816
05:39
(Laughter)
105
339960
2520
(Smijeh)
05:43
And then I worked diligently
106
343320
3736
Zatim sam marljivo radio
prema cilju da ne napredujem prema cilju.
05:47
toward my goal of not making progress toward my goal.
107
347080
3640
Počeo sam pisati poglavlje o prokrastinaciji
05:52
I started writing the procrastination chapter,
108
352160
2176
05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through --
109
354360
1896
te sam jednog dana, nasred posla,
05:56
I literally put it away in mid-sentence
110
356280
1896
ostavio poglavlje usred rečenice da
05:58
for months.
111
358200
1336
tako stoji mjesecima.
05:59
It was agony.
112
359560
2000
Bilo je grozno.
06:02
But when I came back to it, I had all sorts of new ideas.
113
362640
2960
Ali, kad sam se vratio poglavlju, bio sam prepun novih ideja.
06:06
As Aaron Sorkin put it,
114
366560
1336
Kako bi Aaron Sorkin rekao:
06:07
"You call it procrastinating. I call it thinking."
115
367920
2960
"Vi to zovete prokrastinacijom, ja to zovem razmišljanjem."
06:12
And along the way I discovered
116
372200
1456
Putem sam otkrio da
06:13
that a lot of great originals in history were procrastinators.
117
373680
3280
su mnogi od originalaca kroz povijest zapravo bili prokrastinatori.
06:17
Take Leonardo da Vinci.
118
377680
1776
Leonardo da Vinci, na primjer.
06:19
He toiled on and off for 16 years
119
379480
3536
Tijekom 16 godina mučio se
s Mona Lisom.
06:23
on the Mona Lisa.
120
383040
1776
06:24
He felt like a failure.
121
384840
1416
Osjećao se neuspješnim.
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal.
122
386280
1800
Tako je zapisao u dnevnik.
06:30
But some of the diversions he took in optics
123
390240
2576
No, baveći se proučavanjem optike kao vrstom razonode
06:32
transformed the way that he modeled light
124
392840
1976
promijenio je način prikazivanja svjetla
06:34
and made him into a much better painter.
125
394840
1920
te je postao boljim umjetnikom.
06:37
What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?
126
397760
1760
Ili Martin Luther King mlađi.
06:40
The night before the biggest speech of his life,
127
400480
2256
Noć prije najbitnijeg govora u njegovom životu,
06:42
the March on Washington,
128
402760
1256
za Marš na Washington,
bio je budan do 3 ujutro, mijenjajući ga.
06:44
he was up past 3am, rewriting it.
129
404040
2120
06:46
He's sitting in the audience waiting for his turn to go onstage,
130
406800
3416
Sjedi u publici, čeka da izađe na pozornicu,
06:50
and he is still scribbling notes and crossing out lines.
131
410240
3800
i još je uvijek dodaje i briše rečenice.
06:54
When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in,
132
414760
2056
Nakon 11 minuta na pozornici,
06:56
he leaves his prepared remarks
133
416840
1936
ostavlja bilješke koje je pripremio
06:58
to utter four words that changed the course of history:
134
418800
3136
kako bi izgovorio riječi koje su promijenile tijek povijesti:
07:01
"I have a dream."
135
421960
1280
"I have a dream".
To nije bilo u bilješkama.
07:04
That was not in the script.
136
424080
2080
Odgađajući završavanje govora do zadnjeg trenutka,
07:07
By delaying the task of finalizing the speech until the very last minute,
137
427080
4656
07:11
he left himself open to the widest range of possible ideas.
138
431760
3736
otvorio se najširoj lepezi mogućih ideja.
07:15
And because the text wasn't set in stone,
139
435520
2256
Baš zato jer tekst nije bio zacrtan unaprijed,
07:17
he had freedom to improvise.
140
437800
2040
bio je slobodan improvizirati.
07:20
Procrastinating is a vice when it comes to productivity,
141
440640
3176
Prokrastinacija je porok kad je u pitanje produktivnost,
07:23
but it can be a virtue for creativity.
142
443840
2840
ali može biti vrlina za kreativnost.
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals
143
447400
2016
Kod mnogih izvrsnih originalaca
07:29
is that they are quick to start but they're slow to finish.
144
449440
3616
može se primjetiti da lako započnu, ali sporo završavaju zadatak.
To mi je promaklo s Warby Parkerom.
07:33
And this is what I missed with Warby Parker.
145
453080
2080
07:35
When they were dragging their heels for six months,
146
455720
2656
Kad su odugovlačili tijekom šest mjeseci,
07:38
I looked at them and said,
147
458400
1616
pogledao sam ih i rekao:
"Znate, dosta drugih tvrtki je započelo s prodavanjem naočala online."
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies are starting to sell glasses online."
148
460040
3456
07:43
They missed the first-mover advantage.
149
463520
1840
Propustili su prednost prvog u igri.
07:46
But what I didn't realize was they were spending all that time
150
466200
2936
Ali, ono što ja nisam tad shvatio je da su sve to vrijeme
pokušavali shvatiti kako da se ljudi
07:49
trying to figure out how to get people
151
469160
1856
naviknu naručivati naočale online.
07:51
to be comfortable ordering glasses online.
152
471040
2000
Na kraju ispada da je prednost prvog igrača zapravo mit.
07:53
And it turns out the first-mover advantage is mostly a myth.
153
473064
2992
Pogledajmo jedno klasično istraživanje više od 50 proizvodnih kategorija,
07:56
Look at a classic study of over 50 product categories,
154
476080
3816
07:59
comparing the first movers who created the market
155
479920
2496
uspoređujući prve igrače koji su stvorili tržište
08:02
with the improvers who introduced something different and better.
156
482440
3440
s unapređivačima koji su došli s nečim novim i boljim.
08:06
What you see is that the first movers had a failure rate of 47 percent,
157
486920
3976
Vidljivo je da prvi igrači imaju stopu neuspjeha od 47%,
08:10
compared with only 8 percent for the improvers.
158
490920
3280
dok unapređivači imaju samo 8%.
Pogledajte Facebook, koji je čekao da
08:15
Look at Facebook, waiting to build a social network
159
495000
2536
08:17
until after Myspace and Friendster.
160
497560
3456
izgradi društvenu mrežu nakon Myspacea i Friendstera.
Pogledajte Google, godinama nakon Altaviste i Yahooa.
08:21
Look at Google, waiting for years after Altavista and Yahoo.
161
501040
3776
08:24
It's much easier to improve on somebody else's idea
162
504840
3096
Puno je lakše poboljšati nečiju ideju,
08:27
than it is to create something new from scratch.
163
507960
2240
nego stvoriti nešto od nule.
08:30
So the lesson I learned is that to be original you don't have to be first.
164
510880
4096
Iz toga sam naučio, da bi bio originalan, ne moraš biti prvi.
Moraš biti drugačiji i bolji.
08:35
You just have to be different and better.
165
515000
2200
08:38
But that wasn't the only reason I passed on Warby Parker.
166
518360
2976
Ali to nije jedini razlog zašto sam odbio Warby Parker.
08:41
They were also full of doubts.
167
521360
2416
Oni su također bili sumnjičavi.
08:43
They had backup plans lined up,
168
523800
1816
Imali su rezervne planove,
08:45
and that made me doubt that they had the courage to be original,
169
525640
3416
i zbog toga sam posumnjao da se usude biti originalni,
jer sam očekivao da će originalci izgledati ovako nekako.
08:49
because I expected that originals would look something like this.
170
529080
4680
(Smijeh)
08:55
(Laughter)
171
535039
2321
08:58
Now, on the surface,
172
538680
1616
Na površini
09:00
a lot of original people look confident,
173
540320
1976
mnogo originalaca djeluje samopouzdano,
09:02
but behind the scenes,
174
542320
1256
ali, iza te maske
09:03
they feel the same fear and doubt that the rest of us do.
175
543600
3016
imaju jednake strahove i sumnje kao i mi.
09:06
They just manage it differently.
176
546640
1560
Samo se drukčije s njima ophode.
09:08
Let me show you: this is a depiction
177
548840
1736
Pokazat ću vam: ovo je prikaz kako
09:10
of how the creative process works for most of us.
178
550600
2320
većini nas djeluje kreativni proces.
(Smijeh)
09:16
(Laughter)
179
556120
2000
Tijekom istraživanja otkrio sam da postoje dvije vrste sumnje.
09:20
Now, in my research, I discovered there are two different kinds of doubt.
180
560160
3456
09:23
There's self-doubt and idea doubt.
181
563640
1656
Sumnja u samog sebe i u ideju.
09:25
Self-doubt is paralyzing.
182
565320
1536
Sumnja u samog sebe te koči.
09:26
It leads you to freeze.
183
566880
1616
Paralizira te.
09:28
But idea doubt is energizing.
184
568520
1736
Ali, sumnja u ideju te pokreće.
09:30
It motivates you to test, to experiment, to refine,
185
570280
2776
Potiče te da ispituješ, da eksperimentiraš, da poboljšavaš,
kao što je Marthin Luther King napravio.
09:33
just like MLK did.
186
573080
2056
Ključna značajka originalaca
09:35
And so the key to being original
187
575160
3256
09:38
is just a simple thing
188
578440
1736
je zapravo jako jednostavna:
09:40
of avoiding the leap from step three to step four.
189
580200
3376
poanta je izbjeći prijelaz s trećeg na četvrtki korak.
09:43
Instead of saying, "I'm crap,"
190
583600
1816
Umjesto da kažete: "Ja sam sranje,"
09:45
you say, "The first few drafts are always crap,
191
585440
2480
recite: "Prvi pokušaji su uvijek sranje
09:48
and I'm just not there yet."
192
588680
1400
i još nisam na razini."
09:50
So how do you get there?
193
590920
1616
Kako da dođete na razinu?
09:52
Well, there's a clue, it turns out,
194
592560
1896
Čini se da postoje naznake u tome
09:54
in the Internet browser that you use.
195
594480
1960
koji Internet preglednik koristite.
Možemo predvidjeti vaš poslovni učinak i predanost
09:57
We can predict your job performance and your commitment
196
597000
2616
09:59
just by knowing what web browser you use.
197
599640
2840
prema Internet pregledniku koji koristite.
10:03
Now, some of you are not going to like the results of this study --
198
603440
3176
Nekima od vas se neće svidjeti rezultati ovog istraživanja,
10:06
(Laughter)
199
606640
1336
(Smijeh)
ali, postoje dokazi da su korisnici Firefoxa i Chromea
10:08
But there is good evidence that Firefox and Chrome users
200
608000
3936
10:11
significantly outperform Internet Explorer and Safari users.
201
611960
3360
značajno učinkovitiji od korisnika Internet Explorera i Safarija.
10:15
Yes.
202
615960
1336
Da!
10:17
(Applause)
203
617320
1856
(Pljesak)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs 15 percent longer, by the way.
204
619200
2960
Oni također ostaju 15% duže na poslu.
Zašto? To nije tehnička prednost.
10:23
Why? It's not a technical advantage.
205
623120
2176
10:25
The four browser groups on average have similar typing speed
206
625320
3376
Sva četiri Internet preglednika imaju sličnu prosječnu brzinu tipkanja
10:28
and they also have similar levels of computer knowledge.
207
628720
3136
i imaju sličnu razinu informatičkog znanja.
10:31
It's about how you got the browser.
208
631880
2096
Stvar je u tome kako ste dobili preglednik.
Jer ako koristite Internet Explorer ili Safari,
10:34
Because if you use Internet Explorer or Safari,
209
634000
2456
10:36
those came preinstalled on your computer,
210
636480
2536
oni su već bili instalirani na vašem računalu,
a vi ste prihvatili zadanu opciju koja vam je bila pružena.
10:39
and you accepted the default option that was handed to you.
211
639040
2800
10:42
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default
212
642600
3016
Ako ste htjeli Firefox ili Chrome, znači da ste posumnjali
10:45
and ask, is there a different option out there,
213
645640
2256
u tu opciju i zapitali se postoji li drugačija,
10:47
and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser.
214
647920
2960
a zatim ste morali biti snalažljivi i preuzeti novi preglednik.
10:51
So people hear about this study and they're like,
215
651760
2336
Ljudi, kad saznaju za ovo istraživanje, kažu:
Super, znači ako želim bit bolji na poslu samo moram promijeniti preglednik?
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?"
216
654120
3696
10:57
(Laughter)
217
657840
1016
(Smijeh)
10:58
No, it's about being the kind of person
218
658880
2096
Ne, radi se o tome da budete tip osobe
koja preuzima inicijativu i sumnja u zadanu opciju
11:01
who takes the initiative to doubt the default
219
661000
2416
11:03
and look for a better option.
220
663440
2136
te traži bolju.
11:05
And if you do that well,
221
665600
1496
Ako to dobro radite,
otvorit ćete se prema nečemu suprotnom od deja vua.
11:07
you will open yourself up to the opposite of déjà vu.
222
667120
2800
11:10
There's a name for it. It's called vuja de.
223
670600
3136
Postoji naziv za to. Zove se vuja de.
11:13
(Laughter)
224
673760
2000
(Smijeh)
11:16
Vuja de is when you look at something you've seen many times before
225
676800
3176
Vuja de je kad pogledate u nešto što ste već mnogo puta vidjeli
i odjednom to vidite novim očima.
11:20
and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes.
226
680000
2760
11:23
It's a screenwriter who looks at a movie script
227
683920
2616
Poput scenarista koji pogleda u scenarij
11:26
that can't get the green light for more than half a century.
228
686560
2976
koji već pola stoljeća ne može dobiti zeleno svijetlo.
11:29
In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen.
229
689560
4200
U svakoj je verziji dosad glavni lik bila zla kraljica.
11:34
But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense.
230
694280
3136
Ali, Jennifer Lee počinje preispitivati ima li to smisla.
11:37
She rewrites the first act,
231
697440
1456
I tako iznova napiše prvi čin,
11:38
reinvents the villain as a tortured hero
232
698920
2616
negativac postane izmučeni heroj,
11:41
and Frozen becomes the most successful animated movie ever.
233
701560
2960
a Snježno kraljevstvo najuspješniji animirani film ikad.
11:45
So there's a simple message from this story.
234
705600
2096
Postoji jednostavna pouka iz ove priče.
11:47
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
235
707720
2600
Kad posumnjaš, nemoj pustiti sve.
11:50
(Laughter)
236
710680
2280
(Smijeh)
11:53
What about fear?
237
713640
1336
A što je sa strahom?
Originalci se također boje.
11:55
Originals feel fear, too.
238
715000
1920
11:57
They're afraid of failing,
239
717600
1856
Strahuju od neuspjeha,
11:59
but what sets them apart from the rest of us
240
719480
2096
ali ono po čemu se razlikuju od nas
12:01
is that they're even more afraid of failing to try.
241
721600
2616
je što još više strahuju o toga da ni ne pokušaju.
12:04
They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt
242
724240
3096
Znaju da mogu podbaciti ako pokrenu posao koji propadne
12:07
or by failing to start a business at all.
243
727360
2440
ili ako uopće ne pokrenu posao.
12:10
They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions
244
730480
3536
Znaju da na duge staze ne žalimo zbog onog što smo učinili,
već zbog onog što nismo.
12:14
but our inactions.
245
734040
1656
12:15
The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science,
246
735720
2858
Stvari koje želimo promijeniti, ako pogledate znanost,
12:18
are the chances not taken.
247
738602
2200
su prilike koje nismo iskoristili.
12:21
Elon Musk told me recently, he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
248
741720
3656
Elon Musk mi je nedavno rekao da nije očekivao da će Tesla uspjeti.
12:25
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches
249
745400
2736
Bio je siguran da prvih nekoliko SpaceX-ovih lansiranja
neće ni doći u orbitu, a kamo li se tek vratiti,
12:28
would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back,
250
748160
3176
12:31
but it was too important not to try.
251
751360
2200
ali bilo je prevažno da ne bi ni pokušao.
12:34
And for so many of us, when we have an important idea,
252
754360
2536
A većina se nas, kad imamo bitnu ideju,
12:36
we don't bother to try.
253
756920
1240
ne potrudi ni pokušati.
12:38
But I have some good news for you.
254
758960
2056
Ali, imam dobre vijesti za vas.
Nitko vas neće suditi na temelju vaših loših ideja.
12:41
You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas.
255
761040
2576
12:43
A lot of people think they will.
256
763640
1616
Mnogo ljudi misli da hoće.
12:45
If you look across industries
257
765280
1656
Ako pogledate po raznim granama
12:46
and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion,
258
766960
3429
i upitate ljude za njihove najveće ideje, najbitnije prijedloge,
12:50
85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up.
259
770880
3840
85% njih će ostati šutjeti umjesto da progovore.
12:55
They were afraid of embarrassing themselves, of looking stupid.
260
775240
3416
Strahuju da će osramotiti, da će ispasti glupo.
12:58
But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas,
261
778680
3416
Ali, pogodite što? Originalci imaju hrpu loših ideja,
stvarno tonu loših ideja.
13:02
tons of them, in fact.
262
782120
1280
13:04
Take the guy who invented this.
263
784560
2000
Čovjek koji je izumio ovo, na primjer.
13:07
Do you care that he came up with a talking doll so creepy
264
787400
2696
Je li vam bitno da je izumio lutku koja govori
koja je toliko jeziva da straši i djecu i odrasle?
13:10
that it scared not only kids but adults, too?
265
790120
2400
13:13
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison for pioneering the light bulb.
266
793920
4336
Ne. Veličate Thomasa Edisona jer je izumio žarulju.
13:18
(Laughter)
267
798280
1640
(Smijeh)
13:20
If you look across fields,
268
800680
2416
Ako pogledate po raznim granama,
najveći originalci su oni koji najviše podbacuju,
13:23
the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most,
269
803120
2976
jer se oni i najviše trude.
13:26
because they're the ones who try the most.
270
806120
2296
13:28
Take classical composers, the best of the best.
271
808440
2976
Kao klasični skladatelji, na primjer, najbolji od najboljih.
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others
272
811440
3136
Zašto se nekima posveti više stranica u encikolopediji od drugih
13:34
and also have their compositions rerecorded more times?
273
814600
3376
te se njihove skladbe opet i iznova snimaju?
Jedan od pokazatelja
13:38
One of the best predictors
274
818000
1296
13:39
is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate.
275
819320
2800
je sam opus koji proizvedu.
13:43
The more output you churn out, the more variety you get
276
823240
3096
Što više toga proizvedete, to je veća raznolikost
13:46
and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original.
277
826360
3736
i veće su šanse da nabasate na nešto uistinu originalno.
Čak su i tri ikone klasične glazbe, Bach, Beethoven, Mozart
13:50
Even the three icons of classical music -- Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
278
830120
4336
13:54
had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions
279
834480
3016
morale proizvesti stotine i stotine skladbi
13:57
to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces.
280
837520
3240
kako bi došle do mnogo manjeg broja remek-djela.
14:01
Now, you may be wondering,
281
841840
1536
Možda se sad pitate
14:03
how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot?
282
843400
3480
kako je ovaj tip postao velikan a da se i nije baš toliko potrudio?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
283
847520
1960
Nemam pojma kako je Wagneru to uspjelo.
14:10
But for most of us, if we want to be more original,
284
850760
2616
Ali, za većinu nas, ako želimo biti originalni,
14:13
we have to generate more ideas.
285
853400
2320
moramo stvoriti više ideja.
14:16
The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company,
286
856520
3616
Dok su smišljali ime za tvrtku, osnivatelji Warby Parkera
tražili su nešto profinjeno, jedinstveno, bez negativnih konotacija
14:20
they needed something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations
287
860160
3496
14:23
to build a retail brand,
288
863680
1456
za maloprodajnu marku
te su testirali preko 2000 mogućnosti
14:25
and they tested over 2,000 possibilities
289
865160
2456
14:27
before they finally put together
290
867640
1656
prije nego su konačno sastavili
14:29
Warby and Parker.
291
869320
1400
Warby i Parker.
Kad sve to zbrojite, postane vam jasno da originalci
14:32
So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals
292
872040
2976
i nisu toliko različiti od nas.
14:35
are not that different from the rest of us.
293
875040
2040
14:37
They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate.
294
877720
3136
Strahuju i sumnjaju. Prokrastiniraju.
14:40
They have bad ideas.
295
880880
2016
Imaju loše ideje.
14:42
And sometimes, it's not in spite of those qualities but because of them
296
882920
3336
I ponekad, upravo zbog tih kvaliteta, a ne njima unatoč,
14:46
that they succeed.
297
886280
1240
oni uspiju.
Dakle, kad uočite te stvari, nemojte ponoviti moju pogrešku.
14:48
So when you see those things, don't make the same mistake I did.
298
888040
3056
Nemojte ih otpisati.
14:51
Don't write them off.
299
891120
1256
14:52
And when that's you, don't count yourself out either.
300
892400
2976
Nemojte otpisati ni sebe kada je o vama riječ.
14:55
Know that being quick to start but slow to finish
301
895400
2456
Znajte da brzim započinjanjem, a sporim završavanjem
14:57
can boost your creativity,
302
897880
1616
možete poboljšati kreativnost,
14:59
that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas
303
899520
2536
da se možete motivirati sumnjajući u svoje ideje
i prihvaćajući strah od neuspjeha,
15:02
and embracing the fear of failing to try,
304
902080
2576
15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.
305
904680
3560
te da trebate mnogo loših ideja da biste došli do nekoliko dobrih.
15:08
Look, being original is not easy,
306
908880
2456
Da, nije tako lako biti originalan,
15:11
but I have no doubt about this:
307
911360
1936
ali uopće ne sumnjam
15:13
it's the best way to improve the world around us.
308
913320
2816
da je to najbolji način da poboljšamo svijet oko nas.
Hvala.
15:16
Thank you.
309
916160
1216
15:17
(Applause)
310
917400
3240
(Pljesak)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7