The surprising habits of original thinkers | Adam Grant | TED

10,394,245 views ・ 2016-04-26

TED


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Prevoditelj: Antea Muzic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
Prije sedam godina jedan me student pitao da uložim u njegovu tvrtku.
00:13
Seven years ago, a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company.
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00:17
He said, "I'm working with three friends,
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Rekao je: "Radim s tri prijatelja
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt an industry by selling stuff online."
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i pokušat ćemo promijeniti industriju prodavajući stvari online."
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent the whole summer on this, right?"
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Ja sam odgovorio: "OK, na tome ste radili cijelo ljeto, zar ne?"
00:26
"No, we all took internships just in case it doesn't work out."
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"Ne, odrađivali smo prakse za slučaj da ovo ne upali."
00:29
"All right, but you're going to go in full time once you graduate."
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"OK, ali kad diplomirate, bavit ćete se time na puno radno vrijeme."
00:33
"Not exactly. We've all lined up backup jobs."
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"I ne baš. Imamo rezervne opcije."
00:37
Six months go by,
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Prođe šest mjeseci,
00:38
it's the day before the company launches,
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tvrtka se treba pokrenuti idući dan,
00:40
and there is still not a functioning website.
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a web stranica još uvijek ne radi.
00:43
"You guys realize, the entire company is a website.
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"Dečki, valjda shvaćate da je stranica poanta tvrtke.
00:45
That's literally all it is."
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Tvrtka JE stranica."
00:48
So I obviously declined to invest.
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Jasno, odbio sam uložiti.
00:53
And they ended up naming the company Warby Parker.
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Na kraju su nazvali tvrtku Warby Parker.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:57
They sell glasses online.
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Prodaju naočale online.
01:00
They were recently recognized as the world's most innovative company
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Nedavno su dobili titulu najinovativnije tvrtke na svijetu,
01:03
and valued at over a billion dollars.
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a vrijednost im je preko milijardu dolara.
01:05
And now? My wife handles our investments.
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A sada? Moja žena vodi naše investicije.
01:10
Why was I so wrong?
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Zašto sam bio toliko u krivu?
Kako bih otkrio, počeo sam proučavati takozvane "originalce".
01:13
To find out, I've been studying people that I come to call "originals."
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01:17
Originals are nonconformists,
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Originalci su nekonformisti,
ljudi koji ne samo da imaju nove ideje,
01:19
people who not only have new ideas
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01:21
but take action to champion them.
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nego i poduzimaju sve da ih ostvare.
01:23
They are people who stand out and speak up.
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Ljudi koji se ističu i progovaraju.
01:26
Originals drive creativity and change in the world.
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Originalce pokreće kreativnost i promjena u svijetu.
01:29
They're the people you want to bet on.
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To su ljudi na koje se želiš kladiti.
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected.
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I uopće ne izgledaju kako sam mislio.
01:34
I want to show you today three things I've learned
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Želim vam pokazati tri stvari koje sam naučio
01:37
about recognizing originals
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o prepoznavanju originalaca
01:39
and becoming a little bit more like them.
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i kako im postati sličniji.
01:42
So the first reason that I passed on Warby Parker
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Prvi razlog zašto sam odbio Warby Parker
01:45
was they were really slow getting off the ground.
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je zato što im je trebalo puno vremena da se pokrenu.
Svi ste blisko upoznati s umom prokrastinatora.
01:49
Now, you are all intimately familiar with the mind of a procrastinator.
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01:54
Well, I have a confession for you. I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
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Pa, moram vam nešto priznati. Ja sam upravo suprotno. Ja sam prekrastinator.
Da, taj termin postoji.
02:00
Yes, that's an actual term.
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02:01
You know that panic you feel a few hours before a big deadline
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Znate onu paniku koju osjetite nekoliko sati prije važnog roka
02:04
when you haven't done anything yet.
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kad još niste ni započeli.
02:06
I just feel that a few months ahead of time.
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Ja to osjetim mjesecima unaprijed.
(Smijeh)
02:09
(Laughter)
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02:11
So this started early: when I was a kid, I took Nintendo games very seriously.
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To je rano počelo: kad sam bio dijete, jako sam ozbiljno shvaćao Nintendo igrice.
02:18
I would wake up at 5am,
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Probudio bih se u 5 ujutro
02:20
start playing and not stop until I had mastered them.
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i igrao bez prestanka dok ih ne bih savladao.
02:24
Eventually it got so out of hand that a local newspaper came
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Na kraju je to toliko izmaklo kontroli da su u lokalnim novinama
02:27
and did a story on the dark side of Nintendo, starring me.
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napisali priču o tamnoj strani Nintenda, sa mnom u glavnoj ulozi.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
02:41
Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.
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Od tad sam zamijenio kosu za zube.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
Ali, to mi je pomoglo tijekom faksa
02:49
But this served me well in college,
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jer sam završio diplomski rad četiri mjeseca prije roka.
02:52
because I finished my senior thesis four months before the deadline.
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I time sam se ponosio, do prije nekoliko godina.
02:58
And I was proud of that, until a few years ago.
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03:01
I had a student named Jihae, who came to me and said,
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Jihae, jedna od mojih studentica, mi je rekla:
03:05
"I have my most creative ideas when I'm procrastinating."
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"Najkreativnija sam kad prokrastiniram."
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute, where are the four papers you owe me?"
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Rekao sam joj: "Super, gdje su četiri seminara koja mi duguješ?"
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:13
No, she was one of our most creative students,
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Ne, bila je među najkreativnijim studenatima,
03:15
and as an organizational psychologist, this is the kind of idea that I test.
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a ja kao organizacijski psiholog ispitujem upravo takve zamisli.
03:20
So I challenged her to get some data.
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Izazvao sam je da prikupi podatke.
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies.
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Otišla je u hrpu tvrtki.
03:23
She has people fill out surveys about how often they procrastinate.
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Dala je zaposlenicima upitnike o tome koliko često prokrastiniraju.
03:27
Then she gets their bosses to rate how creative and innovative they are.
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Zatim je pitala njihove šefove da ocijene koliko su kreativni i inovativni.
I uistinu, prekrastinatori poput mene,
03:31
And sure enough, the precrastinators like me,
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03:33
who rush in and do everything early
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koji krenu i naprave sve na vrijeme,
03:35
are rated as less creative
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su ocijenjeni kao manje kreativni
03:37
than people who procrastinate moderately.
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od ljudi koji umjereno prokrastiniraju.
03:40
So I want to know what happens to the chronic procrastinators.
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Zato me zanimalo što je s kroničnim prokrastinatorima.
03:43
She was like, "I don't know. They didn't fill out my survey."
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Rekla je: "Ne znam, oni nisu ispunili upitnik."
03:46
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
Ne, evo naših rezultata.
03:49
No, here are our results.
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03:51
You actually do see that the people who wait until the last minute
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Uistinu vidite da su ljudi koji čekaju do zadnjeg trena
03:55
are so busy goofing off that they don't have any new ideas.
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toliko zauzeti gubljenjem vremena da nemaju novih ideja.
04:00
And on the flip side, the people who race in
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Suprotno od njih, ljudi koji žure
04:03
are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they don't have original thoughts either.
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su toliko nervozni da ni oni nemaju originalnih ideja.
04:09
There's a sweet spot where originals seem to live.
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Postoji idealna točka u kojoj žive originalci.
04:13
Why is this?
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Zašto je to tako?
04:15
Maybe original people just have bad work habits.
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Možda originalci zapravo imaju loše radne navike.
04:18
Maybe procrastinating does not cause creativity.
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Možda prokrastinacija ne potiče kreativnost.
04:22
To find out, we designed some experiments.
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Kako bismo to saznali, proveli smo nekoliko pokusa.
04:25
We asked people to generate new business ideas,
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Pitali smo ljude da smisle nove poslovne ideje,
04:28
and then we get independent readers
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a onda su zasebni čitatelji
procijenili koliko su korisne i kreativne.
04:30
to evaluate how creative and useful they are.
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04:33
And some of them are asked to do the task right away.
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Neke od njih smo pitali da odmah obave zadatak.
04:36
Others we randomly assign to procrastinate
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Druge smo nasumice odabrali da prokrastiniraju
04:39
by dangling Minesweeper in front of them
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postavljajući pred njih igricu Minesweeper
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes.
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na pet ili deset minuta.
04:43
And sure enough, the moderate procrastinators
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I uistinu, umjereni prokrastinatori su
16% kreativniji od druge dvije grupe.
04:47
are 16 percent more creative than the other two groups.
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04:51
Now, Minesweeper is awesome, but it's not the driver of the effect,
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Minesweeper je super igrica, ali ne uzrokuje ona taj efekt,
04:54
because if you play the game first before you learn about the task,
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jer ako igraš igricu prije nego što saznaš za zadatak,
nema povećanja kreativnosti.
04:58
there's no creativity boost.
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04:59
It's only when you're told that you're going to be working on this problem,
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Tek kad ti kažu da ćeš raditi na tom zadatku,
05:03
and then you start procrastinating,
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i onda počneš prokrastinirati,
05:04
but the task is still active in the back of your mind,
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ali još uvijek imaš zadatak na pameti,
05:07
that you start to incubate.
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tek tada počneš promišljati.
Prokrastiniranje ti daje vremena da promisliš o raznim idejama,
05:09
Procrastination gives you time to consider divergent ideas,
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05:12
to think in nonlinear ways, to make unexpected leaps.
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da misliš izvan okvira i da stvaraš neočekivane poveznice.
05:16
So just as we were finishing these experiments,
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Taman kad smo privodili kraju ove pokuse,
05:18
I was starting to write a book about originals,
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počeo sam pisati knjigu o originalcima
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect time to teach myself to procrastinate,
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te sam pomislio: "Ovo je idealna prilika da se naučim kako prokrastinirati,
dok pišem poglavlje o prokrastinaciji."
05:26
while writing a chapter on procrastination."
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05:28
So I metaprocrastinated,
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Tako sam metaprokrastinirao,
te sam se, poput svakog prekrastinatora koji drži do sebe,
05:32
and like any self-respecting precrastinator,
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05:35
I woke up early the next morning
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probudio rano iduće jutro
i napravio popis koraka kako prokrastinirati.
05:37
and I made a to-do list with steps on how to procrastinate.
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05:39
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:43
And then I worked diligently
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Zatim sam marljivo radio
prema cilju da ne napredujem prema cilju.
05:47
toward my goal of not making progress toward my goal.
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Počeo sam pisati poglavlje o prokrastinaciji
05:52
I started writing the procrastination chapter,
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05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through --
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te sam jednog dana, nasred posla,
05:56
I literally put it away in mid-sentence
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ostavio poglavlje usred rečenice da
05:58
for months.
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tako stoji mjesecima.
05:59
It was agony.
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Bilo je grozno.
06:02
But when I came back to it, I had all sorts of new ideas.
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Ali, kad sam se vratio poglavlju, bio sam prepun novih ideja.
06:06
As Aaron Sorkin put it,
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Kako bi Aaron Sorkin rekao:
06:07
"You call it procrastinating. I call it thinking."
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"Vi to zovete prokrastinacijom, ja to zovem razmišljanjem."
06:12
And along the way I discovered
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Putem sam otkrio da
06:13
that a lot of great originals in history were procrastinators.
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su mnogi od originalaca kroz povijest zapravo bili prokrastinatori.
06:17
Take Leonardo da Vinci.
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Leonardo da Vinci, na primjer.
06:19
He toiled on and off for 16 years
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Tijekom 16 godina mučio se
s Mona Lisom.
06:23
on the Mona Lisa.
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06:24
He felt like a failure.
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Osjećao se neuspješnim.
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal.
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Tako je zapisao u dnevnik.
06:30
But some of the diversions he took in optics
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No, baveći se proučavanjem optike kao vrstom razonode
06:32
transformed the way that he modeled light
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promijenio je način prikazivanja svjetla
06:34
and made him into a much better painter.
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te je postao boljim umjetnikom.
06:37
What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?
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Ili Martin Luther King mlađi.
06:40
The night before the biggest speech of his life,
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Noć prije najbitnijeg govora u njegovom životu,
06:42
the March on Washington,
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za Marš na Washington,
bio je budan do 3 ujutro, mijenjajući ga.
06:44
he was up past 3am, rewriting it.
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06:46
He's sitting in the audience waiting for his turn to go onstage,
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Sjedi u publici, čeka da izađe na pozornicu,
06:50
and he is still scribbling notes and crossing out lines.
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i još je uvijek dodaje i briše rečenice.
06:54
When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in,
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Nakon 11 minuta na pozornici,
06:56
he leaves his prepared remarks
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ostavlja bilješke koje je pripremio
06:58
to utter four words that changed the course of history:
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kako bi izgovorio riječi koje su promijenile tijek povijesti:
07:01
"I have a dream."
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"I have a dream".
To nije bilo u bilješkama.
07:04
That was not in the script.
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Odgađajući završavanje govora do zadnjeg trenutka,
07:07
By delaying the task of finalizing the speech until the very last minute,
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07:11
he left himself open to the widest range of possible ideas.
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otvorio se najširoj lepezi mogućih ideja.
07:15
And because the text wasn't set in stone,
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Baš zato jer tekst nije bio zacrtan unaprijed,
07:17
he had freedom to improvise.
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bio je slobodan improvizirati.
07:20
Procrastinating is a vice when it comes to productivity,
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Prokrastinacija je porok kad je u pitanje produktivnost,
07:23
but it can be a virtue for creativity.
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ali može biti vrlina za kreativnost.
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals
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Kod mnogih izvrsnih originalaca
07:29
is that they are quick to start but they're slow to finish.
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može se primjetiti da lako započnu, ali sporo završavaju zadatak.
To mi je promaklo s Warby Parkerom.
07:33
And this is what I missed with Warby Parker.
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07:35
When they were dragging their heels for six months,
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Kad su odugovlačili tijekom šest mjeseci,
07:38
I looked at them and said,
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pogledao sam ih i rekao:
"Znate, dosta drugih tvrtki je započelo s prodavanjem naočala online."
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies are starting to sell glasses online."
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07:43
They missed the first-mover advantage.
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Propustili su prednost prvog u igri.
07:46
But what I didn't realize was they were spending all that time
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Ali, ono što ja nisam tad shvatio je da su sve to vrijeme
pokušavali shvatiti kako da se ljudi
07:49
trying to figure out how to get people
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naviknu naručivati naočale online.
07:51
to be comfortable ordering glasses online.
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Na kraju ispada da je prednost prvog igrača zapravo mit.
07:53
And it turns out the first-mover advantage is mostly a myth.
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Pogledajmo jedno klasično istraživanje više od 50 proizvodnih kategorija,
07:56
Look at a classic study of over 50 product categories,
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07:59
comparing the first movers who created the market
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uspoređujući prve igrače koji su stvorili tržište
08:02
with the improvers who introduced something different and better.
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s unapređivačima koji su došli s nečim novim i boljim.
08:06
What you see is that the first movers had a failure rate of 47 percent,
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Vidljivo je da prvi igrači imaju stopu neuspjeha od 47%,
08:10
compared with only 8 percent for the improvers.
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dok unapređivači imaju samo 8%.
Pogledajte Facebook, koji je čekao da
08:15
Look at Facebook, waiting to build a social network
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08:17
until after Myspace and Friendster.
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izgradi društvenu mrežu nakon Myspacea i Friendstera.
Pogledajte Google, godinama nakon Altaviste i Yahooa.
08:21
Look at Google, waiting for years after Altavista and Yahoo.
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08:24
It's much easier to improve on somebody else's idea
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Puno je lakše poboljšati nečiju ideju,
08:27
than it is to create something new from scratch.
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nego stvoriti nešto od nule.
08:30
So the lesson I learned is that to be original you don't have to be first.
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Iz toga sam naučio, da bi bio originalan, ne moraš biti prvi.
Moraš biti drugačiji i bolji.
08:35
You just have to be different and better.
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08:38
But that wasn't the only reason I passed on Warby Parker.
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Ali to nije jedini razlog zašto sam odbio Warby Parker.
08:41
They were also full of doubts.
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Oni su također bili sumnjičavi.
08:43
They had backup plans lined up,
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Imali su rezervne planove,
08:45
and that made me doubt that they had the courage to be original,
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i zbog toga sam posumnjao da se usude biti originalni,
jer sam očekivao da će originalci izgledati ovako nekako.
08:49
because I expected that originals would look something like this.
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(Smijeh)
08:55
(Laughter)
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08:58
Now, on the surface,
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Na površini
09:00
a lot of original people look confident,
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mnogo originalaca djeluje samopouzdano,
09:02
but behind the scenes,
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ali, iza te maske
09:03
they feel the same fear and doubt that the rest of us do.
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imaju jednake strahove i sumnje kao i mi.
09:06
They just manage it differently.
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Samo se drukčije s njima ophode.
09:08
Let me show you: this is a depiction
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Pokazat ću vam: ovo je prikaz kako
09:10
of how the creative process works for most of us.
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većini nas djeluje kreativni proces.
(Smijeh)
09:16
(Laughter)
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Tijekom istraživanja otkrio sam da postoje dvije vrste sumnje.
09:20
Now, in my research, I discovered there are two different kinds of doubt.
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09:23
There's self-doubt and idea doubt.
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Sumnja u samog sebe i u ideju.
09:25
Self-doubt is paralyzing.
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Sumnja u samog sebe te koči.
09:26
It leads you to freeze.
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Paralizira te.
09:28
But idea doubt is energizing.
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Ali, sumnja u ideju te pokreće.
09:30
It motivates you to test, to experiment, to refine,
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Potiče te da ispituješ, da eksperimentiraš, da poboljšavaš,
kao što je Marthin Luther King napravio.
09:33
just like MLK did.
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Ključna značajka originalaca
09:35
And so the key to being original
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09:38
is just a simple thing
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je zapravo jako jednostavna:
09:40
of avoiding the leap from step three to step four.
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poanta je izbjeći prijelaz s trećeg na četvrtki korak.
09:43
Instead of saying, "I'm crap,"
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Umjesto da kažete: "Ja sam sranje,"
09:45
you say, "The first few drafts are always crap,
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recite: "Prvi pokušaji su uvijek sranje
09:48
and I'm just not there yet."
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i još nisam na razini."
09:50
So how do you get there?
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Kako da dođete na razinu?
09:52
Well, there's a clue, it turns out,
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Čini se da postoje naznake u tome
09:54
in the Internet browser that you use.
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koji Internet preglednik koristite.
Možemo predvidjeti vaš poslovni učinak i predanost
09:57
We can predict your job performance and your commitment
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09:59
just by knowing what web browser you use.
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prema Internet pregledniku koji koristite.
10:03
Now, some of you are not going to like the results of this study --
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Nekima od vas se neće svidjeti rezultati ovog istraživanja,
10:06
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
ali, postoje dokazi da su korisnici Firefoxa i Chromea
10:08
But there is good evidence that Firefox and Chrome users
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10:11
significantly outperform Internet Explorer and Safari users.
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značajno učinkovitiji od korisnika Internet Explorera i Safarija.
10:15
Yes.
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Da!
10:17
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs 15 percent longer, by the way.
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Oni također ostaju 15% duže na poslu.
Zašto? To nije tehnička prednost.
10:23
Why? It's not a technical advantage.
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10:25
The four browser groups on average have similar typing speed
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Sva četiri Internet preglednika imaju sličnu prosječnu brzinu tipkanja
10:28
and they also have similar levels of computer knowledge.
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i imaju sličnu razinu informatičkog znanja.
10:31
It's about how you got the browser.
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Stvar je u tome kako ste dobili preglednik.
Jer ako koristite Internet Explorer ili Safari,
10:34
Because if you use Internet Explorer or Safari,
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10:36
those came preinstalled on your computer,
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oni su već bili instalirani na vašem računalu,
a vi ste prihvatili zadanu opciju koja vam je bila pružena.
10:39
and you accepted the default option that was handed to you.
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10:42
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default
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Ako ste htjeli Firefox ili Chrome, znači da ste posumnjali
10:45
and ask, is there a different option out there,
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u tu opciju i zapitali se postoji li drugačija,
10:47
and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser.
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a zatim ste morali biti snalažljivi i preuzeti novi preglednik.
10:51
So people hear about this study and they're like,
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Ljudi, kad saznaju za ovo istraživanje, kažu:
Super, znači ako želim bit bolji na poslu samo moram promijeniti preglednik?
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?"
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10:57
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:58
No, it's about being the kind of person
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Ne, radi se o tome da budete tip osobe
koja preuzima inicijativu i sumnja u zadanu opciju
11:01
who takes the initiative to doubt the default
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11:03
and look for a better option.
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te traži bolju.
11:05
And if you do that well,
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Ako to dobro radite,
otvorit ćete se prema nečemu suprotnom od deja vua.
11:07
you will open yourself up to the opposite of déjà vu.
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11:10
There's a name for it. It's called vuja de.
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Postoji naziv za to. Zove se vuja de.
11:13
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:16
Vuja de is when you look at something you've seen many times before
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Vuja de je kad pogledate u nešto što ste već mnogo puta vidjeli
i odjednom to vidite novim očima.
11:20
and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes.
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11:23
It's a screenwriter who looks at a movie script
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Poput scenarista koji pogleda u scenarij
11:26
that can't get the green light for more than half a century.
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koji već pola stoljeća ne može dobiti zeleno svijetlo.
11:29
In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen.
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U svakoj je verziji dosad glavni lik bila zla kraljica.
11:34
But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense.
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Ali, Jennifer Lee počinje preispitivati ima li to smisla.
11:37
She rewrites the first act,
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I tako iznova napiše prvi čin,
11:38
reinvents the villain as a tortured hero
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negativac postane izmučeni heroj,
11:41
and Frozen becomes the most successful animated movie ever.
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a Snježno kraljevstvo najuspješniji animirani film ikad.
11:45
So there's a simple message from this story.
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Postoji jednostavna pouka iz ove priče.
11:47
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
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Kad posumnjaš, nemoj pustiti sve.
11:50
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:53
What about fear?
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A što je sa strahom?
Originalci se također boje.
11:55
Originals feel fear, too.
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11:57
They're afraid of failing,
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Strahuju od neuspjeha,
11:59
but what sets them apart from the rest of us
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ali ono po čemu se razlikuju od nas
12:01
is that they're even more afraid of failing to try.
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je što još više strahuju o toga da ni ne pokušaju.
12:04
They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt
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Znaju da mogu podbaciti ako pokrenu posao koji propadne
12:07
or by failing to start a business at all.
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ili ako uopće ne pokrenu posao.
12:10
They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions
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Znaju da na duge staze ne žalimo zbog onog što smo učinili,
već zbog onog što nismo.
12:14
but our inactions.
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12:15
The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science,
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Stvari koje želimo promijeniti, ako pogledate znanost,
12:18
are the chances not taken.
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su prilike koje nismo iskoristili.
12:21
Elon Musk told me recently, he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
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Elon Musk mi je nedavno rekao da nije očekivao da će Tesla uspjeti.
12:25
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches
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Bio je siguran da prvih nekoliko SpaceX-ovih lansiranja
neće ni doći u orbitu, a kamo li se tek vratiti,
12:28
would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back,
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12:31
but it was too important not to try.
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ali bilo je prevažno da ne bi ni pokušao.
12:34
And for so many of us, when we have an important idea,
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A većina se nas, kad imamo bitnu ideju,
12:36
we don't bother to try.
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ne potrudi ni pokušati.
12:38
But I have some good news for you.
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Ali, imam dobre vijesti za vas.
Nitko vas neće suditi na temelju vaših loših ideja.
12:41
You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas.
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12:43
A lot of people think they will.
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Mnogo ljudi misli da hoće.
12:45
If you look across industries
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Ako pogledate po raznim granama
12:46
and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion,
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i upitate ljude za njihove najveće ideje, najbitnije prijedloge,
12:50
85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up.
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85% njih će ostati šutjeti umjesto da progovore.
12:55
They were afraid of embarrassing themselves, of looking stupid.
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Strahuju da će osramotiti, da će ispasti glupo.
12:58
But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas,
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Ali, pogodite što? Originalci imaju hrpu loših ideja,
stvarno tonu loših ideja.
13:02
tons of them, in fact.
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13:04
Take the guy who invented this.
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Čovjek koji je izumio ovo, na primjer.
13:07
Do you care that he came up with a talking doll so creepy
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Je li vam bitno da je izumio lutku koja govori
koja je toliko jeziva da straši i djecu i odrasle?
13:10
that it scared not only kids but adults, too?
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13:13
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison for pioneering the light bulb.
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Ne. Veličate Thomasa Edisona jer je izumio žarulju.
13:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:20
If you look across fields,
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Ako pogledate po raznim granama,
najveći originalci su oni koji najviše podbacuju,
13:23
the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most,
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jer se oni i najviše trude.
13:26
because they're the ones who try the most.
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13:28
Take classical composers, the best of the best.
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Kao klasični skladatelji, na primjer, najbolji od najboljih.
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others
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Zašto se nekima posveti više stranica u encikolopediji od drugih
13:34
and also have their compositions rerecorded more times?
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te se njihove skladbe opet i iznova snimaju?
Jedan od pokazatelja
13:38
One of the best predictors
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13:39
is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate.
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je sam opus koji proizvedu.
13:43
The more output you churn out, the more variety you get
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Što više toga proizvedete, to je veća raznolikost
13:46
and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original.
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i veće su šanse da nabasate na nešto uistinu originalno.
Čak su i tri ikone klasične glazbe, Bach, Beethoven, Mozart
13:50
Even the three icons of classical music -- Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
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13:54
had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions
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morale proizvesti stotine i stotine skladbi
13:57
to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces.
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kako bi došle do mnogo manjeg broja remek-djela.
14:01
Now, you may be wondering,
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Možda se sad pitate
14:03
how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot?
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kako je ovaj tip postao velikan a da se i nije baš toliko potrudio?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
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Nemam pojma kako je Wagneru to uspjelo.
14:10
But for most of us, if we want to be more original,
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Ali, za većinu nas, ako želimo biti originalni,
14:13
we have to generate more ideas.
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moramo stvoriti više ideja.
14:16
The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company,
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Dok su smišljali ime za tvrtku, osnivatelji Warby Parkera
tražili su nešto profinjeno, jedinstveno, bez negativnih konotacija
14:20
they needed something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations
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14:23
to build a retail brand,
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za maloprodajnu marku
te su testirali preko 2000 mogućnosti
14:25
and they tested over 2,000 possibilities
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14:27
before they finally put together
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prije nego su konačno sastavili
14:29
Warby and Parker.
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Warby i Parker.
Kad sve to zbrojite, postane vam jasno da originalci
14:32
So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals
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i nisu toliko različiti od nas.
14:35
are not that different from the rest of us.
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14:37
They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate.
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Strahuju i sumnjaju. Prokrastiniraju.
14:40
They have bad ideas.
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Imaju loše ideje.
14:42
And sometimes, it's not in spite of those qualities but because of them
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I ponekad, upravo zbog tih kvaliteta, a ne njima unatoč,
14:46
that they succeed.
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oni uspiju.
Dakle, kad uočite te stvari, nemojte ponoviti moju pogrešku.
14:48
So when you see those things, don't make the same mistake I did.
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Nemojte ih otpisati.
14:51
Don't write them off.
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14:52
And when that's you, don't count yourself out either.
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Nemojte otpisati ni sebe kada je o vama riječ.
14:55
Know that being quick to start but slow to finish
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Znajte da brzim započinjanjem, a sporim završavanjem
14:57
can boost your creativity,
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možete poboljšati kreativnost,
14:59
that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas
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da se možete motivirati sumnjajući u svoje ideje
i prihvaćajući strah od neuspjeha,
15:02
and embracing the fear of failing to try,
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15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.
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te da trebate mnogo loših ideja da biste došli do nekoliko dobrih.
15:08
Look, being original is not easy,
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Da, nije tako lako biti originalan,
15:11
but I have no doubt about this:
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ali uopće ne sumnjam
15:13
it's the best way to improve the world around us.
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da je to najbolji način da poboljšamo svijet oko nas.
Hvala.
15:16
Thank you.
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15:17
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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