The surprising habits of original thinkers | Adam Grant | TED

10,406,328 views ใƒป 2016-04-26

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seon-Gyu Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:13
Seven years ago, a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company.
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7๋…„์ „, ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ๋ƒ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
He said, "I'm working with three friends,
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๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ ๋ง์ด "3๋ช…์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:19
and we're going to try to disrupt an industry by selling stuff online."
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํŒ”์•„์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ๋†“์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:23
And I said, "OK, you guys spent the whole summer on this, right?"
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค ์ด๊ฑฐ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋ฐฉํ•™ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ํ• ๊บผ์ง€?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:26
"No, we all took internships just in case it doesn't work out."
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"์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์•ˆ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ถ€ ์ธํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."
00:29
"All right, but you're going to go in full time once you graduate."
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"์ข‹์•„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ „์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
00:33
"Not exactly. We've all lined up backup jobs."
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"๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ๋„ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๊ตณ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ์ผํ•  ๋ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”."
00:37
Six months go by,
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
it's the day before the company launches,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:40
and there is still not a functioning website.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์•„์ง ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
"You guys realize, the entire company is a website.
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"๋„ˆํฌ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™ˆํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆํฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž–์•„.
00:45
That's literally all it is."
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ž€ ๋ง์ด์ง€."
00:48
So I obviously declined to invest.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And they ended up naming the company Warby Parker.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์›Œ๋น„ ํŒŒ์ปค๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:57
They sell glasses online.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:00
They were recently recognized as the world's most innovative company
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
and valued at over a billion dollars.
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๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” 10์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And now? My wife handles our investments.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ œ ๋ถ€์ธ์ด ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Why was I so wrong?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:13
To find out, I've been studying people that I come to call "originals."
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ €๋Š” "์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
Originals are nonconformists,
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"์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค"๋ž€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
people who not only have new ideas
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:21
but take action to champion them.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
01:23
They are people who stand out and speak up.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์•ž์— ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Originals drive creativity and change in the world.
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'์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค'๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
They're the people you want to bet on.
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์„ธ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
And they look nothing like I expected.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
I want to show you today three things I've learned
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ
01:37
about recognizing originals
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
01:39
and becoming a little bit more like them.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ฎ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
So the first reason that I passed on Warby Parker
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›Œ๋น„ ํŒŒ์ปค๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ฒจ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:45
was they were really slow getting off the ground.
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์ผ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋Š๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Now, you are all intimately familiar with the mind of a procrastinator.
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์ผ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋‹ค๋“ค ์ž˜ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
Well, I have a confession for you. I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator.
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๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์ปจ๋ฐ, ์ €๋Š” ์™„์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Yes, that's an actual term.
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๋„ค, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
You know that panic you feel a few hours before a big deadline
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ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๋•Œ์˜
02:04
when you haven't done anything yet.
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๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
I just feel that a few months ahead of time.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:11
So this started early: when I was a kid, I took Nintendo games very seriously.
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์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ฃ . ์–ด๋ฆด ์  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹Œํ…๋„ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
I would wake up at 5am,
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 5์‹œ์—๋ผ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
02:20
start playing and not stop until I had mastered them.
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ, ๋์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
Eventually it got so out of hand that a local newspaper came
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปค์ ธ์„œ ์ง€์—ญ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์™€
02:27
and did a story on the dark side of Nintendo, starring me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋‹Œํ…๋„์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
02:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:34
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:41
Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:49
But this served me well in college,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์‹œ์ ˆ์—” ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
because I finished my senior thesis four months before the deadline.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ ์กธ์—… ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ์ถœ๊ธฐํ•œ 4๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
And I was proud of that, until a few years ago.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
I had a student named Jihae, who came to me and said,
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์ง€ํ˜œ๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ฐพ์•„์™€์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
03:05
"I have my most creative ideas when I'm procrastinating."
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"์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณ์•ผ ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€์š”."
03:09
And I was like, "That's cute, where are the four papers you owe me?"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๊ท€์—ฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ์ถœํ•  ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ค ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋„ค."
03:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:13
No, she was one of our most creative students,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
and as an organizational psychologist, this is the kind of idea that I test.
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์กฐ์ง์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ ์ €๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:20
So I challenged her to get some data.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
She goes into a bunch of companies.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด์„œ
03:23
She has people fill out surveys about how often they procrastinate.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฅ์ณ์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:27
Then she gets their bosses to rate how creative and innovative they are.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์šฉ์ฃผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์— ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And sure enough, the precrastinators like me,
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์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์ €๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ 
03:33
who rush in and do everything early
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์ผ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:35
are rated as less creative
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์ ๋‹นํžˆ ์ผ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
03:37
than people who procrastinate moderately.
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์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
So I want to know what happens to the chronic procrastinators.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:43
She was like, "I don't know. They didn't fill out my survey."
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๊ทธ๋…€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด "๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์ฑ„์›Œ ์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”."
03:46
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:49
No, here are our results.
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
You actually do see that the people who wait until the last minute
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฅ์ณ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:55
are so busy goofing off that they don't have any new ideas.
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๋นˆ๋‘ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋น ์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And on the flip side, the people who race in
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ผํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:03
are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they don't have original thoughts either.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ์— ๊ฒฉ์•™๋˜์–ด ์ฐธ์‹ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
There's a sweet spot where originals seem to live.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Why is this?
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์™œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:15
Maybe original people just have bad work habits.
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋„ ๋‚˜์œ ์—…๋ฌด ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
Maybe procrastinating does not cause creativity.
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์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
To find out, we designed some experiments.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
We asked people to generate new business ideas,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ถ€ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
and then we get independent readers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ 3์ž์—๊ฒŒ
04:30
to evaluate how creative and useful they are.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And some of them are asked to do the task right away.
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์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์—๊ฒ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:36
Others we randomly assign to procrastinate
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋นˆ๋‘ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
by dangling Minesweeper in front of them
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5๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ 10๋ถ„ ์ •๋„
04:41
for either five or 10 minutes.
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์ง€๋ขฐ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋†€๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:43
And sure enough, the moderate procrastinators
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ ๋‹นํžˆ ์ผ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:47
are 16 percent more creative than the other two groups.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค 16% ๋” ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Now, Minesweeper is awesome, but it's not the driver of the effect,
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์ง€๋ขฐ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
because if you play the game first before you learn about the task,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—…๋ฌด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
04:58
there's no creativity boost.
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:59
It's only when you're told that you're going to be working on this problem,
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์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹œ๋œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋Œ์–ด์•ผ
05:03
and then you start procrastinating,
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
but the task is still active in the back of your mind,
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๋นˆ๋‘ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„์—์„ 
05:07
that you start to incubate.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Procrastination gives you time to consider divergent ideas,
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์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:12
to think in nonlinear ways, to make unexpected leaps.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
So just as we were finishing these experiments,
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์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
05:18
I was starting to write a book about originals,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
and I thought, "This is the perfect time to teach myself to procrastinate,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
๋‚˜ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
while writing a chapter on procrastination."
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05:28
So I metaprocrastinated,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ํ‰๋‚ด๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
05:32
and like any self-respecting precrastinator,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด ์น˜์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:35
I woke up early the next morning
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ์•„์นจ์— ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
05:37
and I made a to-do list with steps on how to procrastinate.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋Œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:43
And then I worked diligently
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์šด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ง์•ผ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š”
05:47
toward my goal of not making progress toward my goal.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ์ž„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
I started writing the procrastination chapter,
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์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋’ค
05:54
and one day -- I was halfway through --
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์–ด๋Š๋‚ , ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฌด๋ ต์—
05:56
I literally put it away in mid-sentence
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์›๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ณ๋ฐ•์•„๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
for months.
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๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:59
It was agony.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
But when I came back to it, I had all sorts of new ideas.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์ฃ .
06:06
As Aaron Sorkin put it,
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์•„๋ก  ์†Œํ‚จ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
"You call it procrastinating. I call it thinking."
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋‘ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:12
And along the way I discovered
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์™€์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:13
that a lot of great originals in history were procrastinators.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์ด ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Take Leonardo da Vinci.
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๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋ฅด๋„ ๋‹ค๋นˆ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
He toiled on and off for 16 years
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ 16๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
on the Mona Lisa.
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06:24
He felt like a failure.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
He wrote as much in his journal.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
But some of the diversions he took in optics
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด
06:32
transformed the way that he modeled light
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๋น›์˜ ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
and made him into a much better painter.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
What about Martin Luther King, Jr.?
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๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐ ํ‚น์€ ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:40
The night before the biggest speech of his life,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค,
06:42
the March on Washington,
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3์›”, ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ
06:44
he was up past 3am, rewriting it.
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์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 3์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์—ฐ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
He's sitting in the audience waiting for his turn to go onstage,
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๊ฐ์„์— ์•‰์•„, ์—ฐ์„ค ์ฐจ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
06:50
and he is still scribbling notes and crossing out lines.
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๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:54
When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋‹จ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์„  11๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
06:56
he leaves his prepared remarks
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์ค€๋น„๋œ ์—ฐ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ๋’ค๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:58
to utter four words that changed the course of history:
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“  ๋ง์„ ์ž… ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด ๋ฑ‰์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
"I have a dream."
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"์ €์—๊ฒ ๊ฟˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:04
That was not in the script.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
By delaying the task of finalizing the speech until the very last minute,
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์—ฐ์„ค๋ฌธ ์™„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•๋‹จ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ง์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ
07:11
he left himself open to the widest range of possible ideas.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์–ด ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And because the text wasn't set in stone,
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์—ฐ์„ค๋ฌธ์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ์—
07:17
he had freedom to improvise.
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์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:20
Procrastinating is a vice when it comes to productivity,
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์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃ„์•…์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:23
but it can be a virtue for creativity.
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์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
What you see with a lot of great originals
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
07:29
is that they are quick to start but they're slow to finish.
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์ผ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
And this is what I missed with Warby Parker.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›Œ๋น„ ํŒŒ์ปค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
When they were dragging their heels for six months,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ 
07:38
I looked at them and said,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
"You know, a lot of other companies are starting to sell glasses online."
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"์ด๋ด, ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ํŒ”๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด".
07:43
They missed the first-mover advantage.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ ์˜ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋†“์นœ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:46
But what I didn't realize was they were spending all that time
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋“ค์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:49
trying to figure out how to get people
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ
07:51
to be comfortable ordering glasses online.
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์•ˆ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
And it turns out the first-mover advantage is mostly a myth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ ์„ ์ ์˜ ์šฐ์œ„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
07:56
Look at a classic study of over 50 product categories,
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50๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
07:59
comparing the first movers who created the market
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์ œํ’ˆ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
08:02
with the improvers who introduced something different and better.
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ํ›„๋ฐœ ์ฃผ์ž์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ
08:06
What you see is that the first movers had a failure rate of 47 percent,
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์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ 47%๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:10
compared with only 8 percent for the improvers.
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ํ›„๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์€ 8%๋งŒ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Look at Facebook, waiting to build a social network
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋„, ๋งˆ์ด์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค์™€ ํ”„๋ Œ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
08:17
until after Myspace and Friendster.
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์†Œ์…œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‹ค์งˆ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ์ฃ .
08:21
Look at Google, waiting for years after Altavista and Yahoo.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์•Œํƒ€๋น„์Šคํƒ€์™€ ์•ผํ›„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
It's much easier to improve on somebody else's idea
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:27
than it is to create something new from scratch.
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์•„์˜ˆ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:30
So the lesson I learned is that to be original you don't have to be first.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
You just have to be different and better.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์œผ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:38
But that wasn't the only reason I passed on Warby Parker.
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์›Œ๋น„ ํŒŒ์ปค๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ธด ๊ฑด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
They were also full of doubts.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ํ™•์‹ ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
They had backup plans lined up,
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์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:45
and that made me doubt that they had the courage to be original,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
because I expected that originals would look something like this.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋–„๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:58
Now, on the surface,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
09:00
a lot of original people look confident,
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:02
but behind the scenes,
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๊ทธ ์ด๋ฉด์—๋Š”
09:03
they feel the same fear and doubt that the rest of us do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
They just manage it differently.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Let me show you: this is a depiction
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
of how the creative process works for most of us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
1-๋๋‚ด์ค€๋‹ค; 2-๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ฒ ์–ด; 3-ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋„ค; 4-๋‚œ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด; 5-์ด๊ฑด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋„ค; 6-๋๋‚ด์ค€๋‹ค.
09:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:20
Now, in my research, I discovered there are two different kinds of doubt.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
There's self-doubt and idea doubt.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Self-doubt is paralyzing.
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์ž๊ธฐ ์˜์‹ฌ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋น„์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
It leads you to freeze.
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์–ผ์–ด ๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
09:28
But idea doubt is energizing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹ฌ์€ ์—ด์ •์„ ๋ถ๋‹์•„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
It motivates you to test, to experiment, to refine,
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์ œํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
just like MLK did.
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๋งˆํ‹ด ๋ฃจํ„ฐํ‚น์ด ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:35
And so the key to being original
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
09:38
is just a simple thing
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์ •๋ง ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
09:40
of avoiding the leap from step three to step four.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋›ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Instead of saying, "I'm crap,"
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"์•„.. ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
09:45
you say, "The first few drafts are always crap,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . "์ดˆ์•ˆ์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ์•ผ."
09:48
and I'm just not there yet."
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"๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์•„์ง ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ž–์•„"
09:50
So how do you get there?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:52
Well, there's a clue, it turns out,
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
09:54
in the Internet browser that you use.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €์— ํžŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:57
We can predict your job performance and your commitment
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
09:59
just by knowing what web browser you use.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Now, some of you are not going to like the results of this study --
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ง˜์— ์•ˆ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
10:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:08
But there is good evidence that Firefox and Chrome users
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŒŒ์ด์–ดํŒ์Šค๋‚˜ ํฌ๋กฌ ์œ ์ €๋“ค์ด
10:11
significantly outperform Internet Explorer and Safari users.
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IE๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ €๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋‚˜์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Yes.
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๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
10:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:19
They also stay in their jobs 15 percent longer, by the way.
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 15% ๊ธด ๊ทผ์†์—ฐ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
Why? It's not a technical advantage.
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”? ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ž์„œ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
The four browser groups on average have similar typing speed
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์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ž ์†๋„๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:28
and they also have similar levels of computer knowledge.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹ค๋ ฅ๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
It's about how you got the browser.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๊ฑด์ด์ฃ .
10:34
Because if you use Internet Explorer or Safari,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ต์Šคํ”Œ๋กœ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:36
those came preinstalled on your computer,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
and you accepted the default option that was handed to you.
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์†์— ์ฅ์–ด์ง„ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŒŒ์ด์–ดํŒ์Šค๋‚˜ ํฌ๋กฌ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค์ •์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
and ask, is there a different option out there,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
10:47
and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊พ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
So people hear about this study and they're like,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:54
"Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?"
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"์ข‹๋„ค์š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋ฅผ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?"
10:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:58
No, it's about being the kind of person
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
11:01
who takes the initiative to doubt the default
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
11:03
and look for a better option.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
And if you do that well,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
11:07
you will open yourself up to the opposite of dรฉjร  vu.
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๋ฐ์ž๋ทฐ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
There's a name for it. It's called vuja de.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ '๋ทฐ์ž๋ฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์šฉ์–ด๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:16
Vuja de is when you look at something you've seen many times before
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'๋ทฐ์ž๋ฐ'๋Š” ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋ณด์•„์˜จ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„
11:20
and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ์‹œ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
It's a screenwriter who looks at a movie script
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™” ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
that can't get the green light for more than half a century.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ†ต๊ณผ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:29
In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ ์—ฌ์™•์ด ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ํ’ˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
She rewrites the first act,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒซ ์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์ฃ .
11:38
reinvents the villain as a tortured hero
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์•…๋‹น์„ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์€ ์˜์›…์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
and Frozen becomes the most successful animated movie ever.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒจ์šธ์™•๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
So there's a simple message from this story.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
When you feel doubt, don't let it go.
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์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ๋ฉด, ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘์ง€ ๋ง์•„๋ผ.
11:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:53
What about fear?
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๊ณตํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:55
Originals feel fear, too.
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค๋„ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
They're afraid of failing,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
but what sets them apart from the rest of us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€
12:01
is that they're even more afraid of failing to try.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ€๋„๋กœ ์‹คํŒจ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:07
or by failing to start a business at all.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›„ํšŒ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ–‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:14
but our inactions.
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์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science,
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๊ณผํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜๋Œ์ดํ‚ค๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:18
are the chances not taken.
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์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Elon Musk told me recently, he didn't expect Tesla to succeed.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—˜๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํ…Œ์Šฌ๋ผ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
12:25
He was sure the first few SpaceX launches
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์—‘์Šค ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:28
would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back,
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๊ถค๋„ ์ง„์ž…์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ฝํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
but it was too important not to try.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๋„๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:34
And for so many of us, when we have an important idea,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด
12:36
we don't bother to try.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚Œ์—†์ด ์‹œ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
But I have some good news for you.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:41
You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas.
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๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
A lot of people think they will.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
12:45
If you look across industries
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์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
12:46
and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด
12:50
85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up.
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85%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์นจ๋ฌต์„ ์ง€ํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
They were afraid of embarrassing themselves, of looking stupid.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑฐ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋งŽ์€
13:02
tons of them, in fact.
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๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Take the guy who invented this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
13:07
Do you care that he came up with a talking doll so creepy
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์• ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:10
that it scared not only kids but adults, too?
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์–ด๋ฅธ๋„ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œ ํ•  ์ธํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
13:13
No. You celebrate Thomas Edison for pioneering the light bulb.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ! ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค ์—๋””์Šจ์ด ์ „๊ตฌ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์—๋งŒ ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
13:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:20
If you look across fields,
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์‚ฐ์—… ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ฒ˜
13:23
the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
because they're the ones who try the most.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Take classical composers, the best of the best.
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ํด๋ž˜์‹ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:31
Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others
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์™œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
13:34
and also have their compositions rerecorded more times?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ณก๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
13:38
One of the best predictors
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€
13:39
is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate.
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๊ทธ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
The more output you churn out, the more variety you get
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ 
13:46
and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:50
Even the three icons of classical music -- Bach, Beethoven, Mozart --
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ํด๋ž˜์‹์˜ 3๋Œ€ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ฐ”ํ, ๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค, ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๋„
13:54
had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ณก์„ ์ž‘๊ณก ํ•œ ํ›„์—์•ผ
13:57
to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces.
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๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์ž‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
Now, you may be wondering,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:07
I don't know how Wagner pulled that off.
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์ €๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
But for most of us, if we want to be more original,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:13
we have to generate more ideas.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company,
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์›Œ๋น„ ํŒŒ์ปค ์ฐฝ์—…์ž๋“ค์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ
14:20
they needed something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations
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์„ธ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”
14:23
to build a retail brand,
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
and they tested over 2,000 possibilities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2์ฒœ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ›„๋ณด์ค‘์—
14:27
before they finally put together
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€
14:29
Warby and Parker.
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์›Œ๋น„์™€ ํŒŒ์ปค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals
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์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๋“ค์ด
14:35
are not that different from the rest of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋นˆ๋‘ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
They have bad ideas.
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๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
14:42
And sometimes, it's not in spite of those qualities but because of them
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
14:46
that they succeed.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
So when you see those things, don't make the same mistake I did.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
Don't write them off.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:52
And when that's you, don't count yourself out either.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด, ์—ญ์‹œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋„ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
14:55
Know that being quick to start but slow to finish
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์ผ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
14:57
can boost your creativity,
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์ œ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ
14:59
that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
15:02
and embracing the fear of failing to try,
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์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.
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๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
Look, being original is not easy,
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
15:11
but I have no doubt about this:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์„
15:13
it's the best way to improve the world around us.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด ์˜์‹ฌ์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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