Turning trash into toys for learning | Arvind Gupta

507,954 views ・ 2011-05-02

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Translator: Anders Finn Jørgensen Reviewer: peter hersted
00:15
My name is Arvind Gupta, and I'm a toymaker.
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Mit navn er Arvind Gupta -
Jeg er en "toymaker".
00:18
I've been making toys for the last 30 years.
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Jeg har lavet legetøj de sidste 30 år.
00:21
The early '70s, I was in college.
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I de tidlige 70'ere, var jeg på college.
00:23
It was a very revolutionary time.
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Det var en meget revolutionær tid.
00:25
It was a political ferment, so to say --
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Det var et politisk røre, kan man sige
00:28
students out in the streets of Paris,
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- de studerende var i gaderne i Paris,
00:30
revolting against authority.
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oprør mod autoriteterne.
00:32
America was jolted
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Amerika blev ramt
00:34
by the anti-Vietnam movement, the Civil Rights movement.
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af anti-Vietnam bevægelsen,
borgerrettighedsbevægelsen.
00:37
In India, we had the Naxalite movement,
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I Indien,
havde vi Naxalite bevægelsen
00:40
the [unclear] movement.
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[uklart] bevægelse.
00:42
But you know, when there is a political churning of society,
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Når der er en politisk ændring i samfundet,
00:44
it unleashes a lot of energy.
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Det frigør en masse energi
00:47
The National Movement of India
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Den nationale bevægelse i Indien
00:49
was testimony to that.
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bar vidnesbyrd om det.
00:51
Lots of people resigned from well-paid jobs
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Masser af mennesker
forlod vellønnede job
00:55
and jumped into the National Movement.
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og sprang ind i
"The National Movement".
00:57
Now in the early '70s,
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I de tidlige 70'ere,
00:59
one of the great programs in India
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var et af ​​de store programmer i Indien,
01:01
was to revitalize
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- at revurdere
01:03
primary science in village schools.
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natur og teknik i landsbyskoler.
01:05
There was a person, Anil Sadgopal, did a Ph.D. from Caltech
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Der var en person,
Anil Sadgopal som tog en Ph.D. fra Caltech
01:08
and returned back as a molecular biologist
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og vendte tilbage som en molekylærbiolog
01:10
in India's cutting-edge research institute, the TIFR.
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på et af Indiens forskningsinstituter
TIFR.
01:13
At 31, he was not able
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Som 31 årig kunne han ikke
01:15
to relate the kind of [unclear] research,
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at relatere den sin forskning,
01:17
which he was doing with the lives of the ordinary people.
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med livet for almindelige mennesker.
Han sagde sit job op og startede
01:20
So he designed and went and started a village science program.
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et landsby videnskabsprogram.
01:23
Many people were inspired by this.
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Mange mennesker var inspireret af dette.
01:25
The slogan of the early '70s
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Sloganet i de tidlige 70'ere var
01:27
was "Go to the people.
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"Gå til folket”
01:29
Live with them; love them.
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“Lev med dem”
“ Elsk dem”
01:31
Start from what they know. Build on what they have."
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Start med -
hvad de ved!
Byg med -
01:34
This was kind of the defining slogan.
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hvad de har!
Det var sådan man definerede slogans.
01:36
Well I took one year.
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Nå, jeg brugte et år.
01:38
I joined Telco, made TATA trucks, pretty close to Pune.
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Jeg startede hos Telco,
lavede TATA lastbiler,
tæt på Pune.
01:41
I worked there for two years,
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Jeg arbejdede der i to år
01:43
and I realized that I was not born to make trucks.
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og jeg indså,
jeg ikke var født til at lave lastbiler.
01:46
Often one doesn't know what one wants to do,
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Ofte når man ikke ved,
hvad man ønsker at lave,
01:48
but it's good enough to know what you don't want to do.
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men det godt at vide,
det man ikke vil.
01:50
So I took one year off, and I went to this village science program.
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Så jeg tog et år fri,
deltog i dette landsby
01:53
And it was a turning point.
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science program.
Og det var et vendepunkt.
01:55
It was a very small village --
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Det var en meget lille landsby
01:57
a weekly bazaar
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- en ugentlig basar,
hvor folk, en gang om ugen,
01:59
where people, just once in a week, they put in all the vats.
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lagde op til marked
02:02
So I said, "I'm going to spend a year over here."
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Så jeg sagde
lad mig tilbringe et år her
02:04
So I just bought one specimen
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Så jeg købte et eksemplar
02:06
of everything which was sold on the roadside.
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af alle de ting
de solgte vejsiden.
02:08
And one thing which I found
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Og en ting, jeg fandt
02:10
was this black rubber.
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var denne sorte gummi.
02:12
This is called a cycle valve tube.
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Det kaldes ventilgummi.
02:14
When you pump in air in a bicycle, you use a bit of this.
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når man pumper luft i en cykel.
bruger man et bid af det.
02:17
And some of these models --
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Hvis man tage lidt af dette gummi,
02:19
so you take a bit of this cycle valve tube,
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02:21
you can put two matchsticks inside this, and you make a flexible joint.
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og sætter to tændstikker
ind i enderne,
man har en fleksibel samling.
02:24
It's a joint of tubes. You start by teaching angles --
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En samling med to
Du starter med vinkler
02:27
an acute angle, a right angle, an obtuse angle, a straight angle.
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- en spids vinkel, en ret vinkel,
en stump vinkel, en lige vinkel.
02:29
It's like its own little coupling.
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Det er ligesom -
en lille kobling.
02:31
If you have three of them, and you loop them together,
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Hvis du har tre
og sætter dem sammen,
02:33
well you make a triangle.
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har du laver en trekant.
02:35
With four, you make a square,
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Med fire, laver du en firkant,
02:37
you make a pentagon, you make a hexagon,
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du laver en femkant,
du laver en sekskant,
02:39
you make all these kind of polygons.
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du laver alle slags polygoner.
02:41
And they have some wonderful properties.
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Og de har fantastiske egenskaber.
02:43
If you look at the hexagon, for instance,
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Hvis man ser på denne sekskant,
02:45
it's like an amoeba, which is constantly changing its own profile.
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som en amøbe,
der konstant ændre sin profil.
02:48
You can just pull this out, this becomes a rectangle.
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Du kan bare trække den ud,
og det bliver et rektangel.
02:50
You give it a push, this becomes a parallelogram.
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Du giver det et skub
02:52
But this is very shaky.
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et parallelogram.
- meget underligt.
02:54
Look at the pentagon, for instance,
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Kig på pentagonet,
træk det ud
02:56
pull this out -- it becomes a boat shape trapezium.
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- det bliver en båd
02:58
Push it and it becomes house shaped.
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- et trapez.
Skub det og det bliver til et hus.
03:00
This becomes an isosceles triangle --
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- en ligebenet trekant
03:02
again, very shaky.
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- igen, meget underligt.
03:04
This square might look very square and prim.
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Denne firkant er kantet og ret.
03:06
Give it a little push -- this becomes a rhombus.
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Giv det et lille skub
- det bliver en rombe.
03:08
It becomes kite-shaped.
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Den bliver "kite"-formet.
03:10
But give a child a triangle,
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Men giv et barn en trekant,
03:12
he can't do a thing to it.
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- hun kan ikke ændre den.
03:14
Why use triangles?
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Hvorfor bruge trekanter?
03:16
Because triangles are the only rigid structures.
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Fordi trekanter er stiv struktur.
03:18
We can't make a bridge with squares
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Vi kan ikke lave en bro med firkanter,
03:20
because the train would come, it would start doing a jig.
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fordi toget ville komme,
den ville komme i svingninger.
03:23
Ordinary people know about this
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Almindelige mennesker ved dette!
03:25
because if you go to a village in India,
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Hvis du tager til en landsby i Indien,
03:27
they might not have gone to engineering college,
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har de måske ikke gået på teknisk skole,
03:29
but no one makes a roof placed like this.
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men ingen laver et tag på denne måde.
03:31
Because if they put tiles on top, it's just going to crash.
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For - hvis de sætter tegl på toppen,
vil det kollapse.
03:34
They always make a triangular roof.
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De vil altid lave et trekantet tag.
03:36
Now this is people science.
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Det er folkelig videnskab.
03:38
And if you were to just poke a hole over here
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Og hvis du stikker et hul her
03:40
and put a third matchstick,
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og sætte en tredje tændstik,
03:42
you'll get a T joint.
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får du en T samling.
03:44
And if I were to poke all the three legs of this
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Og hvis jeg stikke alle de tre ben
03:46
in the three vertices of this triangle,
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i denne trekant,
03:48
I would make a tetrahedron.
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ville jeg lave en tetraede.
03:50
So you make all these 3D shapes.
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Så man kan lave alle disse 3D-figurer.
03:52
You make a tetrahedron like this.
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Du kan lave en tetraede, som denne.
03:55
And once you make these,
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Og når samler disse
03:59
you make a little house.
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- laver du et lille hus.
04:03
Put this on top.
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Sæt dette på toppen.
04:05
You can make a joint of four. You can make a joint of six.
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Du kan lave en samling af fire.
- en samling af seks.
04:07
You just need a ton.
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Du skal bare have et ton.
04:10
Now this was -- you make a joint of six,
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- en samling af seks,
04:12
you make an icosahedron.
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en ikosaeder.
04:14
You can play around with it.
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Du kan lege med den.
04:16
This makes an igloo.
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Dette lave en igloo.
04:18
Now this is in 1978.
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Det var i 1978.
04:20
I was a 24-year-old young engineer.
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Jeg var 24-årig ung ingeniør.
04:23
And I thought this was so much better than making trucks.
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- det var så meget bedre
end at lave lastbiler.
04:27
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
04:32
If you, as a matter of fact, put four marbles inside,
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Hvis du, sætter fire kugler indeni,
04:35
you simulate the molecular structure of methane, CH4.
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simulere molekylære struktur
af metan - CH4.
04:38
Four atoms of hydrogen, the four points of the tetrahedron,
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Fire atomer af hydrogen,
04:40
which means the little carbon atom.
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hvilket betyder den lille kulstofatom.
04:42
Well since then,
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Siden den gang,
04:44
I just thought that I've been really privileged
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har jeg været virkelig privilegeret
04:47
to go to over 2,000 schools in my country --
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at besøge over 2.000 skoler i mit land
04:51
village schools, government schools,
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landsbyskoler, offentlige skoler,
04:53
municipal schools, Ivy League schools --
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kommunale skoler, Ivy League skoler
04:55
I've been invited by most of them.
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Jeg er blevet inviteret til de fleste
04:57
And every time I go to a school,
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Og hver gang jeg kommer til en skole,
04:59
I see a gleam in the eyes of the children.
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ser jeg et glimt i børnenes øjne.
05:01
I see hope. I see happiness in their faces.
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Jeg ser håb -
lykke i deres ansigter.
05:04
Children want to make things. Children want to do things.
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Børn ønsker at lave ting på.
- at afprøve ting.
05:07
Now this, we make lots and lots of pumps.
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Vi laver mange, mange pumper.
05:10
Now this is a little pump
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Dette er en lille pumpe,
05:12
with which you could inflate a balloon.
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som kan blæse luft i en ballon.
Det er en rigtig pumpe.
05:14
It's a real pump. You could actually pop the balloon.
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Du kunne faktisk blæse ballonen op.
05:17
And we have a slogan
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Og vi har et slogan
05:19
that the best thing a child can do with a toy is to break it.
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- at det bedste et barn
kan gøre ved ting
er at skille det ad.
05:22
So all you do is --
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Så alt du skal gøre er
05:24
it's a very kind of provocative statement --
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- det et meget provokerende udsagn
05:26
this old bicycle tube and this old plastic [unclear]
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- denne gamle cykelslange og filmdåse
05:28
This filling cap will go very snugly into an old bicycle tube.
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Filmdåsen vil passe ind
i en gammel cykelslange.
05:31
And this is how you make a valve.
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Og dette er sådan du laver en ventil.
05:33
You put a little sticky tape.
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Du sætter lidt tape.
05:37
This is one-way traffic.
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Dette er en-vejs trafik.
05:41
Well we make lots and lots of pumps.
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Vi laver mange, mange pumper.
05:43
And this is the other one --
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05:45
that you just take a straw, and you just put a stick inside
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- du tager bare et sugerør,
og sætter en pind ind
05:47
and you make two half-cuts.
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og klipper du to halve snit.
05:49
Now this is what you do,
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Dette er - hvad du gør,
05:51
is you bend both these legs into a triangle,
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du bøjer begge disse ben i en trekant,
05:53
and you just wrap some tape around.
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og sætter du noget tape omkring.
05:55
And this is the pump.
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Og dette er pumpen.
05:57
And now, if you have this pump,
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Og hvis du har pumpen
06:00
it's like a great, great sprinkler.
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Det er ligesom en stor, stor sprinkler.
06:03
It's like a centrifuge.
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Det er ligesom en centrifuge.
06:05
If you spin something, it tends to fly out.
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Hvis du drejer den rundt -
flyver vandet ud
06:08
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
06:10
Well in terms of -- if you were in Andhra Pradesh,
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....Hvis du var i Andhra Pradesh,
06:12
you would make this with the palmyra leaf.
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ville du lave denne med blade.
06:14
Many of our folk toys
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Meget af vores folkelegetøj
06:16
have great science principles.
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har store videnskab principper.
06:18
If you spin-top something, it tends to fly out.
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Hvis du snurrer noget,
har det en tendens til at flyve ud.
06:20
If I do it with both hands, you can see this fun Mr. Flying Man.
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Hvis jeg gør det med begge hænder,
kan du se denne sjove Mr. Flying Man.
06:25
Right.
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Ik' !!!
06:29
This is a toy which is made from paper. It's amazing.
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Dette er et stykke legetøj,
der er lavet af papir.
06:32
There are four pictures.
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Det er forbløffende.
06:34
You see insects,
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Du ser insekter
frøer, slanger, ørne, sommerfugle,
06:36
you see frogs, snakes, eagles, butterflies,
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06:38
frogs, snakes, eagles.
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- frøer, slanger, ørne.
06:40
Here's a paper which you could [unclear] --
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Det er et papir, som man kan forvandle
06:42
designed by a mathematician at Harvard in 1928,
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- designet af en matematiker
06:44
Arthur Stone,
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på Harvard i 1928, - Arthur Stone,
06:46
documented by Martin Gardner in many of his many books.
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beskrevet af Martin Gardner
i mange bøger.
06:49
But this is great fun for children.
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Men det er rigtig sjovt for børn.
06:51
They all study about the food chain.
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De alle studerer om fødekæden.
06:53
The insects are eaten by the frogs; the frogs are eaten by the snakes;
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Insekter spist af frøer,
frøer spist af slanger,
06:55
the snakes are eaten by the eagles.
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slanger spist af ørne.
06:57
And this can be, if you had a whole photocopy paper --
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Og dette kan laves, hvis du havde
06:59
A4 size paper --
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et helt A4-papir.
07:01
you could be in a municipal school, you could be in a government school --
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- du kunne være i en byskole,
- i en offentlig skole
07:04
a paper, a scale and a pencil -- no glue, no scissors.
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- et papir, en lineal og en blyant
- ingen lim, ingen saks.
07:07
In three minutes, you just fold this up.
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På tre minutter kan du folde det.
07:10
And what you could use it for is just limited by your imagination.
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Og anvendelsen-
kun begrænset af din fantasi.
07:13
If you take a smaller paper, you make a smaller flexagon.
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Hvis du tager et mindre papir,
laver du en mindre flexagon.
07:16
With a bigger one, you make a bigger one.
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Med et større, du laver et større.
07:21
Now this is a pencil with a few slots over here.
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En blyant med nogle få snit her.
07:23
And you put a little fan here.
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En lille propel her.
07:25
And this is a hundred-year-old toy.
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et hundrede år gammelt legetøj
07:27
There have been six major research papers on this.
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Der har været seks store
forskningsartikler omkring dette.
07:30
There's some grooves over here, you can see.
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Der er nogle riller her, kan du se.
07:32
And if I take a reed -- if I rub this,
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Hvis jeg tager en lille pind - gnubber der
07:34
something very amazing happens.
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- sker der noget meget fantastisk
07:36
Six major research papers on this.
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Seks store forskningsartikler
er lavet om dette.
07:38
As a matter of fact, Feynman, as a child, was very fascinated by this.
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Richard Feynman -
07:40
He wrote a paper on this.
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var som barn fascineret af dette.
Han skrev et "paper" om det.
07:42
And you don't need the three billion-dollar Hadron Collider
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Der er ikke brug for én tre
milliarder dollar Hadron Collider
07:44
for doing this. (Laughter) (Applause)
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for at gøre dette. (Latter - bifald)
07:46
This is there for every child,
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-alle børn kan gøre det!
07:48
and every child can enjoy this.
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07:50
If you want to put a colored disk,
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Hvis du sætter en farvet skive,
07:53
well all these seven colors coalesce.
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vil syv farver smelte sammen.
07:55
And this is what Newton talked about 400 years back,
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Og det var hvad Newton talte om,
07:58
that white light's made of seven colors,
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for 400 år siden,
at hvidt lys er lavet af syv farver,
08:00
just by spinning this around.
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blot ved at snurre skiven rundt.
08:02
This is a straw.
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Dette er et sugerør.
08:05
What we've done, we've just sealed both the ends with tape,
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Hvad jeg har gjort,
er at forsegle begge ender ,
med tape
08:08
nipped the right corner and the bottom left corner,
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nappe det højre hjørne
og nederste venstre hjørne,
08:10
so there's holes in the opposite corners, there's a little hole over here.
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så der er huller i de modsatte hjørner.
Her er et lille hul.
08:13
This is a kind of a blowing straw.
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En slags for en blæserør.
08:15
I just put this inside this.
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Jeg sætter dette ind her.
08:17
There's a hole here, and I shut this.
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Der er et hul her
og jeg lukker dette.
08:25
And this costs very little money to make --
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Det koster få penge at lave
08:27
great fun for children to do.
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- rigtigt sjovt for børn.
08:29
What we do
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Hvad vi gør!
08:31
is make a very simple electric motor.
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en meget enkel -
elektrisk motor.
08:33
Now this is the simplest motor on Earth.
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Det er mest enkle motor i verden.
08:37
The most expensive thing is the battery inside this.
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Den dyreste ting er batteriet.
08:40
If you have a battery, it costs five cents to make it.
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Hvis du har et batteri,
koster fem cent at lave.
08:43
This is an old bicycle tube,
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En gammel cykelslange,
08:45
which gives you a broad rubber band, two safety pins.
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som giver en bred elastik,
to sikkerhedsnåle.
08:47
This is a permanent magnet.
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En permanent magnet.
08:49
Whenever current flows through the coil, this becomes an electromagnet.
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Når strømmen løber
gennem spolen
bliver det en elektromagnet.
08:52
It's the interaction of both these magnets
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Samspillet mellem de to magneter,
08:54
which makes this motor spin.
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der får motoren til at spinne.
08:56
We made 30,000.
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Vi har lavet 30.000.
08:58
Teachers who have been teaching science for donkey years,
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Lærere, der har undervist videnskab
"for donkey” år,
09:01
they just muck up the definition and they spit it out.
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de sætter definitionen
og de spytte det ud.
09:04
When teachers make it, children make it.
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Når lærerne gør det, gør børn det.
09:06
You can see a gleam in their eye.
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Du kan se et glimt i deres øje.
09:08
They get a thrill
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De får et gys af,
09:11
of what science is all about.
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hvad videnskaben handler om
09:13
And this science is not a rich man's game.
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Videnskab er ikke en rig mands leg.
09:15
In a democratic country,
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I et demokratisk land,
09:17
science must reach to our most oppressed,
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skal videnskaben nå
vores mest undertrykte,
09:20
to the most marginalized children.
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til de mest udsatte børn.
09:22
This program started with 16 schools
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Dette program startede med 16 skoler
09:25
and spread to 1,500 government schools.
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og bredte sig til 1.500 statslige skoler.
09:28
Over 100,000 children learn science this way.
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Over 100.000 børn lærer videnskaben
på denne måde.
09:32
And we're just trying to see possibilities.
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Og vi prøver bare at se muligheder.
09:34
Look, this is the tetrapak --
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Se, det er en Tetrapak
09:36
awful materials from the point of view of the environment.
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- et forfærdeligt materiale
fra et miljø vinkel
09:39
There are six layers -- three layers of plastic, aluminum --
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Der er seks lag -
tre lag af plast, aluminium
09:42
which are are sealed together.
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- som er forseglet sammen
09:44
They are fused together, so you can't separate them.
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De er limet sammen,
så du kan ikke skille dem.
09:46
Now you can just make a little network like this
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Du lave et lille netværk
09:48
and fold them and stick them together
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og folde dem og sætte dem sammen
09:50
and make an icosahedron.
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og lave en ikosaeder.
09:52
So something which is trash,
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Så noget - som er affald,
09:54
which is choking all the seabirds,
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kan kvæle alle havfugle,
09:57
you could just recycle this into a very, very joyous --
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Du kan genbruge og skabe glæde
10:00
all the platonic solids can be made with things like this.
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Alle platoniske legemer,
kan laves med ting som dette.
10:03
This is a little straw,
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Dette er et lille sugerør
10:06
and what you do is you just nip two corners here,
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du klipper to hjørner
10:10
and this becomes like a baby crocodile's mouth.
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og det bliver som en
“baby krokodille mund”.
10:14
You put this in your mouth, and you blow.
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Put den i munden og blæs.
10:16
(Honk)
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(Honk)
10:18
It's children's delight, a teacher's envy, as they say.
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Det er børnenes glæde,
- en lærers misundelse...
10:22
You're not able to see how the sound is produced,
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Man er ikke i stand til at se
hvordan lyden kommer,
10:24
because the thing which is vibrating goes inside my mouth.
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det der vibrerer,
er inde i min mund.
10:27
I'm going to keep this outside, to blow out. I'm going to suck in air.
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Jeg holder dette ude,
til at blæse ud.
Jeg vil suge luft ind.
10:30
(Honk)
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(Honk)
10:32
So no one actually needs to muck up the production of sound
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Så ingen tvivl om produktion af lyd
10:35
with wire vibrations.
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kræver vibrationer.
10:37
The other is that you keep blowing at it,
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For det andet kan man
blive ved at blæse
10:39
keep making the sound,
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og holde lyden,
10:41
and you keep cutting it.
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og så klipper man.
10:43
And something very, very nice happens.
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Noget meget, meget fint sker
10:45
(Honk)
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(Honk)
10:57
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
11:00
And when you get a very small one --
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En til sidst meget lille én -
11:02
(Honk)
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(Honk)
11:05
This is what the kids teach you. You can also do this.
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Det er, hvad børnene lærer dig.
Du kan også gøre dette.
11:08
Well before I go any further,
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Før jeg går videre,
11:10
this is something worth sharing.
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det her er værd at vil dele
11:12
This is a touching slate meant for blind children.
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Det er en “tavle” beregnet til blinde børn.
11:14
This is strips of Velcro, this is my drawing slate,
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Dette er strimler af velcro,
det er min tegnetavle.
11:17
and this is my drawing pen,
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Dette er min tegnepen,
11:19
which is basically a film box.
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- som er en filmdåse.
11:21
It's basically like a fisherman's line,
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Det er dybest set en fiskerline,
11:25
a fishing line.
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en fiskesnøre.
11:27
And this is wool over here.
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Og det er uld her.
11:29
If I crank the handle, all the wool goes inside.
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Hvis jeg drejer håndtaget,
trækker jeg ulden ind.
11:32
And what a blind child can do is to just draw this.
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Og hvad et blindt barn kan gøre
- er bare at “tegne”.
11:36
Wool sticks on Velcro.
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Ulden fæstner på velcro.
11:40
There are 12 million blind children in our country --
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Der er 12 millioner blinde børn
11:43
(Applause)
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i vores land.
(Bifald)
11:45
who live in a world of darkness.
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- der lever i en verden af ​​mørke.
11:47
And this has come as a great boon to them.
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Det er kommet, som en stor
velsignelse for dem.
11:50
There's a factory out there making our children blind,
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Der er en fabrik derude
der gør vores børn blinde,
11:53
not able to provide them with food,
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De er ikke i stand til
11:55
not able to provide them with vitamin A.
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at forsyne dem med mad,
ikke i stand til at
forsyne dem med vitamin A.
11:57
But this has come as a great boon for them.
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Men dette er kommet blevet en stor glæde for dem.
11:59
There are no patents. Anyone can make it.
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Der er ingen patenter. Alle kan gøre det.
12:03
This is very, very simple.
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Dette er meget, meget enkel.
12:05
You can see, this is the generator. It's a crank generator.
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Man kan se, det er en generator.
Det er en hånd generator.
12:08
These are two magnets.
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Det er to magneter.
12:10
This is a large pulley made by sandwiching rubber between two old CDs.
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Dette er en stor remskive
med gummi mellem to gamle cd'er.
12:13
Small pulley and two strong magnets.
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Lille remskive og to stærke magneter.
12:15
And this fiber turns a wire attached to an LED.
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Dette bånd drejer en tråd til en LED.
12:18
If I spin this pulley, the small one's going to spin much faster.
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Hvis jeg drejer skiven,
vil den lille spinde meget hurtigere.
12:20
There will be a spinning magnetic field.
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Der vil være et spundet
12:22
Lines, of course, would be cut, the force will be generated.
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magnetisk felt.
Kraften vil blive genereret.
12:25
And you can see, this LED is going to glow.
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Man kan se, at LED lampen vil lyse.
12:27
So this is a small crank generator.
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Så det er en lille håndgenerator.
12:31
Well, this is, again,
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Nå, igen!
12:34
it's just a ring, a steel ring with steel nuts.
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Det er bare en ring,
en stål ring - med møtrikker.
12:37
And what you can do
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Det man kan gøre,
12:39
is just, if you give it a twirl,
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at få dem til at snurre,
12:42
well they just keep going on.
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- og de vil bare blive ved.
12:48
And imagine a bunch of kids
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Forestille dig en flok børn
12:50
standing in a circle
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som står i en cirkel
12:52
and just waiting for the steel ring to be passed on.
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og venter på at stålringen
bliver givet videre.
12:54
And they'd be absolutely joyous playing with this.
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De vil absolut være glade
for at lege med den.
12:59
Well in the end, what we can also do:
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Godt til sidst!
Hvad vi også kunne lave:
13:01
we use a lot of old newspapers
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Vi bruger mange gamle aviser
13:04
to make caps.
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til at lave hatte.
13:06
This is worthy of Sachin Tendulkar.
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Dette er værdige
Sachin Tendulkar. (indisk cricketspiller)
13:08
It's a great cricket cap. (Laughter) (Applause)
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Det er en stor cricket cap.
(Latter) (Bifald)
13:11
When first you see Nehru and Gandhi,
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Først ser du Nehru og Gandhi,
13:13
this is the Nehru cap -- just half a newspaper.
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er dette en Nehru cap - bare en halv avis.
13:16
We make lots of toys with newspapers,
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Vi laver masser af legetøj med aviser,
13:18
and this is one of them.
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og dette er en af ​​dem.
13:20
And this is -- you can see --
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Og det er - kan du se
13:22
this is a flapping bird.
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- en flagrende fugl
13:25
All of our old newspapers, we cut them into little squares.
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Af vores gamle aviser,
skær vi små firkanter.
13:28
And if you have one of these birds --
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Og hvis man har en af ​​disse fugle
13:30
children in Japan have been making this bird for many, many years.
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- børn i Japan
har lavet denne fugl i mange, mange år.
13:35
And you can see,
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Og du kan se,
13:37
this is a little fantail bird.
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det er en viftehalet fugl.
13:41
Well in the end, I'll just end with a story.
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Godt som afrunding,
vil jeg slutte med en historie.
13:44
This is called "The Captain's Hat Story."
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Den hedder: "The Captain Hat Story."
13:46
The captain was a captain of a sea-going ship.
325
826330
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Kaptajnen var en kaptajn
på et søgående skib.
13:48
It goes very slowly.
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2000
Det går meget langsomt.
13:50
And there were lots of passengers on the ship,
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Der var mange passagerer på skibet,
13:52
and they were getting bored, so the captain invited them on the deck.
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de kedede sig,
kaptajnen inviterede dem op
13:54
"Wear all your colorful clothes and sing and dance,
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på dækket
"Tag farvestrålende tøj på
13:56
and I'll provide you with good food and drinks."
330
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2000
og syng og dans"
"Jeg giver god mad og drikke."
13:58
And the captain would wear a cap everyday
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Kaptajnen ville bære en ny kasket
14:00
and join in the regalia.
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hver dag
deltage i regalier.
14:02
The first day, it was a huge umbrella cap,
333
842330
2000
Den første dag, var det en stor
14:04
like a captain's cap.
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paraply hat,
som en kaptajns kasket.
14:06
That night, when the passengers would be sleeping,
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Om natten,
da passagererne skulle sove,
14:09
he would give it one more fold,
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ville han give den en fold mere,
14:11
and the second day, he would be wearing a fireman's cap --
337
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og den anden dag,
ville han være iført
14:13
with a little shoot just like a designer cap,
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en brandmands hjelm
- med en skygge ,
14:15
because it protects the spinal cord.
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3000
som en designer kasket
fordi det beskytter nakken.
14:18
And the second night, he would take the same cap
340
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2000
og den anden nat,
ville han tage den samme hat
14:20
and give it another fold.
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og give den endnu en fold.
14:22
And the third day, it would be a Shikari cap --
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2000
Og den tredje dag,
ville det være en Shikari cap
14:24
just like an adventurer's cap.
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- ligesom en eventyrer kasket.
14:27
And the third night, he would give it two more folds --
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Og den tredje nat,
ville han give endnu to folder
14:30
and this is a very, very famous cap.
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- og det er en meget, meget berømt cap.
14:32
If you've seen any of our Bollywood films,
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Hvis du har set nogen
af ​​vores Bollywood film
14:34
this is what the policeman wears,
347
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- dette er hvad en politimand har på,
14:36
it's called a zapalu cap.
348
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det hedder en "Zapalu" hat.
14:38
It's been catapulted to international glory.
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Det er blevet internationalt kendt.
14:41
And we must not forget that he was the captain of the ship.
350
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Og vi må ikke glemme,
at han var kaptajn på skibet.
14:44
So that's a ship.
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Så det er et skib.
14:46
And now the end:
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Og mod slutningen
14:48
everyone was enjoying the journey very much.
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- nød alle turen meget.
14:50
They were singing and dancing.
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2000
De sang og dansede.
14:52
Suddenly there was a storm and huge waves.
355
892330
3000
Pludselig blev der en storm
og store bølger.
14:55
And all the ship can do is to dance and pitch along with the waves.
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3000
Det eneste skibet kunne gøre,
var at danse og følge bølgerne.
14:58
A huge wave comes and slaps the front
357
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2000
En enorm bølge kom
og slår mod stævnen og
15:00
and knocks it down.
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2000
- river den af.
15:02
And another one comes and slaps the aft and knocks it down.
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3000
Og en anden kommer
og rammer agterenden
og flår den af.
15:05
And there's a third one over here.
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2000
Og en tredje her,
15:07
This swallows the bridge and knocks it down.
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den sluger broen og flår den.
15:09
And the ship sinks,
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Skibet synker,
15:11
and the captain has lost everything,
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og kaptajnen har mistet alt,
15:13
but for a life jacket.
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bortset fra en redningsvest.
15:16
Thank you so much.
365
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Mange tak!!!
15:18
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
tekstet af Peter Hersted
Om denne hjemmeside

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