Turning trash into toys for learning | Arvind Gupta

509,985 views ・ 2011-05-02

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jeong-Lan Kinser κ²€ν† : Bianca Lee
00:15
My name is Arvind Gupta, and I'm a toymaker.
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제 이름은 μ•„λ₯΄λΉˆλ“œ κ΅½νƒ€λ‘œ, μž₯λ‚œκ° μ œμž‘μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
I've been making toys for the last 30 years.
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μž₯λ‚œκ°μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
The early '70s, I was in college.
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70λ…„λŒ€ 초반, μ œκ°€ λŒ€ν•™μƒμΌ λ•ŒλŠ”,
00:23
It was a very revolutionary time.
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맀우 획기적인 μ‹œκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
It was a political ferment, so to say --
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λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ μ •μΉ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚œλ¦¬μ˜€λ˜ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
students out in the streets of Paris,
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학생듀이 파리의 거리둜 λ‚˜μ™€
00:30
revolting against authority.
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κΆŒμœ„μ— 저항을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
America was jolted
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미ꡭ은 반 λ² νŠΈλ‚¨ μ „μŸ μš΄λ™κ³Ό
00:34
by the anti-Vietnam movement, the Civil Rights movement.
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곡민ꢌ μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œ ν”λ“€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
In India, we had the Naxalite movement,
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μΈλ„μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‚™μ‚΄λΌμ΄νŠΈ μš΄λ™μ΄
00:40
the [unclear] movement.
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λ²Œμ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
But you know, when there is a political churning of society,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ •μΉ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ 듀끓을 λ•Œ,
00:44
it unleashes a lot of energy.
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수 λ§Žμ€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ°©μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
The National Movement of India
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μΈλ„μ˜ κ΅­λ―Όμš΄λ™μ€
00:49
was testimony to that.
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그것을 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Lots of people resigned from well-paid jobs
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수 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ³΄μˆ˜κ°€ 쒋은 μ§μ—…μ—μ„œ λ– λ‚˜
00:55
and jumped into the National Movement.
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κ΅­λ―Όμš΄λ™μ— λ›°μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
Now in the early '70s,
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70λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆλ°˜μ—λŠ”,
00:59
one of the great programs in India
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μΈλ„μ˜ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€
01:01
was to revitalize
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λ§ˆμ„μ˜ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ
01:03
primary science in village schools.
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μ΄ˆλ“±κ³Όν•™μ„ ν™œμ„±ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
There was a person, Anil Sadgopal, did a Ph.D. from Caltech
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μΉΌν…μ—μ„œ λ°•μ‚¬ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ
01:08
and returned back as a molecular biologist
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λΆ„μž μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ‘œμ„œ μΈλ„μ˜ μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨
01:10
in India's cutting-edge research institute, the TIFR.
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연ꡬ 기관인 TIFR에 λͺΈλ‹΄μ€ κ³ νŒ”μ΄λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
At 31, he was not able
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31μ‚΄, κ·ΈλŠ” 보톡 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ
01:15
to relate the kind of [unclear] research,
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μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜κ°™μ€ 것과
01:17
which he was doing with the lives of the ordinary people.
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μ—°κ²°ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
So he designed and went and started a village science program.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·ΈλŠ” λ§ˆμ„μ˜ κ³Όν•™ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ λ””μžμΈν•˜κ³  λͺ°λ‘ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Many people were inspired by this.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이것에 μ˜ν•΄ μ˜κ°μ„ μ–»μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:25
The slogan of the early '70s
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70λ…„λŒ€ 초의 μŠ¬λ‘œκ±΄μ€
01:27
was "Go to the people.
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"μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 가라.
01:29
Live with them; love them.
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κ·Έλ“€κ³Ό μ‚΄κ³ , μ‚¬λž‘ν•΄λΌ.
01:31
Start from what they know. Build on what they have."
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그듀이 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄λΌ. 그듀이 가지고 μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμœ„μ— 건좕해라."
01:34
This was kind of the defining slogan.
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이것은 결정적인 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μŠ¬λ‘œκ±΄μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Well I took one year.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ €λŠ” 1년을 μ·¨ν–ˆμ£ .
01:38
I joined Telco, made TATA trucks, pretty close to Pune.
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μ €λŠ” 텔코에 κ°€λ‹΄ν–ˆκ³ , ν‘Όκ³Ό μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 타타 νŠΈλŸ­μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
I worked there for two years,
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κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ„ μΌν–ˆκ³ ,
01:43
and I realized that I was not born to make trucks.
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μ œκ°€ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜λ˜κ²ƒμ€ μ œκ°€ νŠΈλŸ­μ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
Often one doesn't know what one wants to do,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 가끔 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€μš”,
01:48
but it's good enough to know what you don't want to do.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ€μ§€λ₯Ό μ•„λŠ”κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
So I took one year off, and I went to this village science program.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 1년을 쉬고, 이 λ§ˆμ„μ˜ κ³Όν•™ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
And it was a turning point.
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그게 μ „ν™˜μ μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:55
It was a very small village --
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그것은 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€--
01:57
a weekly bazaar
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맀주 λ°”μžνšŒλ₯Ό μ—¬λŠ”
01:59
where people, just once in a week, they put in all the vats.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 일주일에 ν•œλ²ˆμ”© λͺ¨λ“  큰 톡에 λ„£μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
02:02
So I said, "I'm going to spend a year over here."
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ, "λ‚˜λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 1년을 지낼거야."
02:04
So I just bought one specimen
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” κΈΈκ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ νŒ”λ Έλ˜ λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒλ“€μ€‘
02:06
of everything which was sold on the roadside.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ ν‘œλ³Έμ„ μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
And one thing which I found
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μ œκ°€ 찾은 ν•œκ°€μ§€λŠ”
02:10
was this black rubber.
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이 검정색 κ³ λ¬΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
This is called a cycle valve tube.
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이것은 μˆœν™˜κ°€μΉ˜ 튜브라둜 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
When you pump in air in a bicycle, you use a bit of this.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μžμ „κ±°μ— 곡기λ₯Ό λ„£μ„λ•Œ μ΄κ²ƒμ€‘μ˜ μ‘°κΈˆμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ§€μš”.
02:17
And some of these models --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 λͺ¨λΈμ˜ 약간을--
02:19
so you take a bit of this cycle valve tube,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μˆœν™˜ 가지 튜브의 약간을 μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€,
02:21
you can put two matchsticks inside this, and you make a flexible joint.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μ•ˆμ— λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ„±λƒ₯을 λ„£μ–΄, 신좕성이 μžˆλŠ” κ΄€μ ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
It's a joint of tubes. You start by teaching angles --
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그것은 νŠœλΈŒλ“€μ˜ κ΄€μ ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각도λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 것뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€--
02:27
an acute angle, a right angle, an obtuse angle, a straight angle.
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예각, 직각, 둔각, 평각.
02:29
It's like its own little coupling.
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그것은 κ·Έ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ μž‘μ€ μ—°κ²°μž₯μΉ˜μ™€ 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
If you have three of them, and you loop them together,
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만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 그것쀑 μ„Έκ°œλ₯Ό 가지고 κ·Έκ²ƒλ“€μ˜ 고리λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λ©΄,
02:33
well you make a triangle.
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μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
With four, you make a square,
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λ„€κ°œμ˜ 고리λ₯Ό 가지고 μ—°κ²°ν•˜λ©΄, μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
02:37
you make a pentagon, you make a hexagon,
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μ˜€κ°ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³ , μœ‘κ°ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
02:39
you make all these kind of polygons.
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μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ‹€κ°ν˜•μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
And they have some wonderful properties.
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그것듀은 λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μžμ‚°λ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
If you look at the hexagon, for instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μœ‘κ°ν˜•μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λ©΄,
02:45
it's like an amoeba, which is constantly changing its own profile.
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그건 마치 κ·Έ μžμ‹ μ˜ ν”„λ‘œνŒŒμΌμ„ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κ΅¬λŠ” 아메바와 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
You can just pull this out, this becomes a rectangle.
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이것을 단지 λŒμ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, 이것이 μ§μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ΄ λ˜μ§€μš”.
02:50
You give it a push, this becomes a parallelogram.
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그것을 λ°€μ–΄λ„£μœΌλ©΄, 그것은 평행 4 λ³€ν˜•μ΄ λ˜μ§€μš”.
02:52
But this is very shaky.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ•½ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
Look at the pentagon, for instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ˜€κ°ν˜•μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”,
02:56
pull this out -- it becomes a boat shape trapezium.
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이것을 μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΈ°λ©΄--그것은 사닀리꼴 λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ λ³΄νŠΈκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Push it and it becomes house shaped.
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그것을 λ°€μ–΄λ„£μœΌλ©΄ 그것은 집λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
This becomes an isosceles triangle --
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이것은 이등변 μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€--
03:02
again, very shaky.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄, μ•„μ£Ό μ•½ν•˜μ£ .
03:04
This square might look very square and prim.
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이 μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ€ μ•„μ£Ό λ„€λͺ¨λ‚³κ³  κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
Give it a little push -- this becomes a rhombus.
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κ·Έκ±Έ μ•½κ°„ λ°€λ©΄--이것은 λ§ˆλ¦„λͺ¨κΌ΄μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
It becomes kite-shaped.
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μ—°μ˜ λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ˜μ§€μš”.
03:10
But give a child a triangle,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ¦°μ΄μ—κ²Œ μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ„ μ£Όλ©΄,
03:12
he can't do a thing to it.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 그것을 가지고 아무것도 ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Why use triangles?
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μ™œ μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λ‚˜κ΅¬μš”?
03:16
Because triangles are the only rigid structures.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚Όκ°ν˜•λ§Œμ΄ 경직된 ꡬ쑰이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
We can't make a bridge with squares
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μ„ 가지고 닀리λ₯Ό 놓을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
03:20
because the train would come, it would start doing a jig.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κΈ°μ°¨κ°€ 였면, 그것이 지그 좀을 좜 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
Ordinary people know about this
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보톡 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
03:25
because if you go to a village in India,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 인도에 μžˆλŠ” ν•œ λ§ˆμ„μ— κ°€λ©΄,
03:27
they might not have gone to engineering college,
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그듀은 λŒ€ν•™μ„ μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜μ„μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ,
03:29
but no one makes a roof placed like this.
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이처럼 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 지뢕을 λ§Œλ“€μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Because if they put tiles on top, it's just going to crash.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 만일 그듀이 지뢕에 타일을 μ–ΉμœΌλ©΄, 그것은 λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§ˆ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
They always make a triangular roof.
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그듀은 항상 μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ˜ 지뢕을 μ§“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Now this is people science.
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자 이것이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ³Όν•™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
And if you were to just poke a hole over here
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그리고 만일 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 여기에 ꡬ멍을 λš«μ–΄
03:40
and put a third matchstick,
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μ„±λƒ₯의 1/3 을 λ„£μœΌλ©΄,
03:42
you'll get a T joint.
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Tκ΄€μ ˆμ„ μ–»μ„κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
And if I were to poke all the three legs of this
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λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ 이 μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ˜ μ„Έ 꼭지점에
03:46
in the three vertices of this triangle,
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이 μ„Έκ°œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  닀리λ₯Ό λš«μ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄,
03:48
I would make a tetrahedron.
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μ €λŠ” (κΈ°ν•˜) 4면체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
So you make all these 3D shapes.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 3차원 λͺ¨μ–‘μ˜ 것을 λ§Œλ“€κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
You make a tetrahedron like this.
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이것과 같이 4 면체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:55
And once you make these,
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 일단 이것을 λ§Œλ“€λ©΄,
03:59
you make a little house.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μž‘μ€ 집을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Put this on top.
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이것을 지뢕에 μ–ΉμœΌμ‹œλ©΄.
04:05
You can make a joint of four. You can make a joint of six.
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λ„€κ°œμ˜ κ΄€μ ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬μ„―κ°œμ˜ κ΄€μ ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
You just need a ton.
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단지 1 톀이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
04:10
Now this was -- you make a joint of six,
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자 이것은-- μ—¬μ„―κ°œμ˜ κ΄€μ ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€λ©΄,
04:12
you make an icosahedron.
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20면체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
You can play around with it.
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그것을 가지고 놀이λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:16
This makes an igloo.
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이것은 이글루 (λΉ™μ„€(ζ°·ι›ͺ)둜 λ§Œλ“  μ—μŠ€ν‚€λͺ¨μΈμ˜ λ°˜κ΅¬ν˜• 집)λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
Now this is in 1978.
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자 이것은 1978 λ…„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
I was a 24-year-old young engineer.
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μ €λŠ” μŠ€λ¬Όλ„€μ‚΄ 먹은 μ Šμ€ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄μ˜€μ§€μš”.
04:23
And I thought this was so much better than making trucks.
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μ €λŠ” 이것이 νŠΈλŸ­μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것보닀 훨씬 더 λ‚«λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:32
If you, as a matter of fact, put four marbles inside,
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사싀, λ„€κ°œμ˜ λŒ€λ¦¬μ„μ„ μ•ˆμ— λ„£μœΌλ©΄,
04:35
you simulate the molecular structure of methane, CH4.
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메탄, CH4의 λΆ„μž ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Four atoms of hydrogen, the four points of the tetrahedron,
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μˆ˜μ†Œ μ›μž 4개,
04:40
which means the little carbon atom.
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μž‘μ€ νƒ„μ†Œ μ›μžμ˜ 4 면체의 λ„€κ°œμ˜ 점,
04:42
Well since then,
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—λŠ”,
04:44
I just thought that I've been really privileged
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방금 μ €λŠ” μ œκ²ŒλŠ” 제 λ‚˜λΌμ— μžˆλŠ” 2,000κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 학ꡐ듀을 μ„Έλ°€νžˆ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ”
04:47
to go to over 2,000 schools in my country --
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ νŠΉμ „μ΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ‘Œμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
village schools, government schools,
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λ§ˆμ„ 학ꡐ, μ •λΆ€ 학ꡐ,
04:53
municipal schools, Ivy League schools --
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λ„μ‹œν•™κ΅, 아이비 리그 학ꡐ--
04:55
I've been invited by most of them.
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μ €λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ μ΄ˆλŒ€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ§€μš”.
04:57
And every time I go to a school,
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맀번 μ œκ°€ 학ꡐλ₯Ό 갈 λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€,
04:59
I see a gleam in the eyes of the children.
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μ €λŠ” μ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ λˆˆμ—μ„œ 섬광을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
I see hope. I see happiness in their faces.
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희망을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ–Όκ΅΄μ—μ„œ 행볡을 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
Children want to make things. Children want to do things.
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아이듀을 물건을 λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 아이듀은 일을 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
Now this, we make lots and lots of pumps.
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자, 이것은, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ νŽŒν”„λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
Now this is a little pump
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자 이것은 풍선을 뢈 수 μžˆλŠ”
05:12
with which you could inflate a balloon.
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μž‘μ€ νŽŒν”„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:14
It's a real pump. You could actually pop the balloon.
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그것은 μ‹€μ œ νŽŒν”„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 풍선을 뢈 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
05:17
And we have a slogan
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 슬둜건이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
05:19
that the best thing a child can do with a toy is to break it.
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아이가 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은것은 μž₯λ‚œκ°μ„ 가지고 λΆ€λŸ¬λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
So all you do is --
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” μ „λΆ€λŠ”--
05:24
it's a very kind of provocative statement --
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그건 맀우 λ„λ°œμ μΈ μ§„μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
this old bicycle tube and this old plastic [unclear]
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이 낑은 μžμ „κ±° νŠœλΈŒμ™€ 이 낑은 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±
05:28
This filling cap will go very snugly into an old bicycle tube.
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이 μ±„μš°λŠ” λ§ˆκ°œλŠ” κ·Έ 낑은 μžμ „κ±° νŠœλΈŒμ•ˆμ— μ•ˆλ½ν•˜κ²Œ λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
And this is how you make a valve.
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이것은 밸브λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
You put a little sticky tape.
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μž‘κ³  λˆμ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” ν…Œμž…μ„ λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
This is one-way traffic.
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이것은 일방톡행 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
Well we make lots and lots of pumps.
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자 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ€ νŽŒν”„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
And this is the other one --
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또 이것은 λ‹€λ₯Έκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--
05:45
that you just take a straw, and you just put a stick inside
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λΉ¨λŒ€ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ˜ 가지고 μ•ˆμͺ½μ— μž‘μ€ λ§‰λŒ€κΈ°λ₯Ό λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
and you make two half-cuts.
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ 반μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ μž˜λΌμ§„κ²ƒμ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
Now this is what you do,
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자 이것이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
05:51
is you bend both these legs into a triangle,
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μ‚Όκ°ν˜•μ˜ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ 이 닀리듀을 ꡬ뢀리고,
05:53
and you just wrap some tape around.
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μ•½κ°„μ˜ ν…Œμž…μ„ 주변에 μŒ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
And this is the pump.
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이것이 κ·Έ νŽŒν”„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
And now, if you have this pump,
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자, λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이 νŽŒν”„λ₯Ό κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€λ©΄,
06:00
it's like a great, great sprinkler.
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그것은 ꡉμž₯ν•œ μŠ€ν”„λ§μΏ¨λŸ¬μ™€ 같은 κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
06:03
It's like a centrifuge.
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그것은 원심기와 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
If you spin something, it tends to fly out.
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λ§Œμ•½ λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό 돌리면, 그것은 λ‚ μ•„λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
06:08
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:10
Well in terms of -- if you were in Andhra Pradesh,
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μ•ˆλ“œλΌ ν”„λΌλ°μ‹œμ— μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
06:12
you would make this with the palmyra leaf.
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νŒ”λ―ΈλΌ λ‚˜λ­‡μžŽμ„ 가지고 이것을 λ§Œλ“€κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:14
Many of our folk toys
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우리의 λ§Žμ€ μž₯λ‚œκ° 동무듀을
06:16
have great science principles.
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ κ³Όν•™ 원리듀을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
If you spin-top something, it tends to fly out.
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λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό 돌리면, 그것은 λ‚ μ•„κ°€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
06:20
If I do it with both hands, you can see this fun Mr. Flying Man.
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λ§Œμ•½ 그것을 λ‘μ†μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄, 이 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 신사λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
06:25
Right.
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
This is a toy which is made from paper. It's amazing.
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이것은 μ’…μ΄λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  μž₯λ‚œκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그건 ꡉμž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:32
There are four pictures.
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λ„€κ°œμ˜ 그림듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
You see insects,
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곀좩듀을 λ³Ό 수 있고,
06:36
you see frogs, snakes, eagles, butterflies,
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개ꡬ리, λ±€, λ…μˆ˜λ¦¬, λ‚˜λΉ„λ“€μ„ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
frogs, snakes, eagles.
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개ꡬ리, λ±€, λ…μˆ˜λ¦¬.
06:40
Here's a paper which you could [unclear] --
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여기에 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 쒅이가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
designed by a mathematician at Harvard in 1928,
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1928년에 ν•˜λ²„λ“œμ˜ μˆ˜ν•™μžμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ λ””μžμΈμ΄ 된 κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
06:44
Arthur Stone,
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μ•„μ„œ μŠ€ν†€μ€,
06:46
documented by Martin Gardner in many of his many books.
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κ·Έ λ§Žμ€ μ±…λ“€μ˜ μƒλ‹ΉλŸ‰μ„ λ§ˆν‹΄ κ°€λ“œλ„ˆμ—μ˜ν•΄ κΈ°λ‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
But this is great fun for children.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 아이듀을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ꡉμž₯히 μž¬λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
They all study about the food chain.
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬μ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ§€μš”.
06:53
The insects are eaten by the frogs; the frogs are eaten by the snakes;
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곀좩듀은 κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ¨Ήνž™λ‹ˆλ‹€; κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬λ“€μ€ 뱀에 μ˜ν•΄ 먹히고;
06:55
the snakes are eaten by the eagles.
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뱀듀은 λ…μˆ˜λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ¨Ήνž™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
And this can be, if you had a whole photocopy paper --
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그리고 이것은 만일 κ·Έ 쒅이,
06:59
A4 size paper --
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A4 μ‚¬μ΄μ¦ˆμ˜ 쒅이λ₯Ό λ³΅μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
07:01
you could be in a municipal school, you could be in a government school --
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λ„μ‹œμ˜ 학ꡐ에 μžˆμ„ 수 있고, μ •λΆ€μ˜ 학ꡐ에 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°--
07:04
a paper, a scale and a pencil -- no glue, no scissors.
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쒅이, μ €μšΈ, μ—°ν•„, 풀이 μ—†κ³ , κ°€μœ„ 없이
07:07
In three minutes, you just fold this up.
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3λΆ„ 이내에 이것을 μœ„λ‘œ μ ‘μ–΄μ„œ 볡사할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
And what you could use it for is just limited by your imagination.
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또 그것을 무엇에 μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λŠ” 상상λ ₯에 λ‹¬λ €μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
If you take a smaller paper, you make a smaller flexagon.
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λ§Œμ•½ 더 μž‘μ€ 쒅이λ₯Ό νƒν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 더 μž‘μ€ ν”Œλ ‰μ‚¬κ³€(쒅이λ₯Ό μ ‘μ–΄ λ§Œλ“  닀면체)λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
With a bigger one, you make a bigger one.
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더 큰 μ’…μ΄λ‘œλŠ”, 더 큰것을 λ§Œλ“€μ§€μš”.
07:21
Now this is a pencil with a few slots over here.
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자 μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” λͺ‡κ°œμ˜ κ°€λŠ˜κ³  κΈΈμ­‰ν•œ ν™ˆμ΄ μžˆλŠ” 연필이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
And you put a little fan here.
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μž‘μ€ 뢀채λ₯Ό 여기에 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
And this is a hundred-year-old toy.
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이것은 백살이 된 μž₯λ‚œκ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:27
There have been six major research papers on this.
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이것에 κ΄€ν•΄ μ—¬μ„―κ°œμ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜ 논문이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
07:30
There's some grooves over here, you can see.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ λͺ‡κ°œμ˜ ν™ˆμ΄ 여기에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
And if I take a reed -- if I rub this,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ œκ°€ κ°ˆλŒ€λ₯Ό 가지고--이것을 문지λ₯΄λ©΄,
07:34
something very amazing happens.
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λ­”κ°€ ꡉμž₯ν•œ 것이 μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
Six major research papers on this.
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이것에 κ΄€ν•΄ μ—¬μ„―κ°œμ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¦¬μ„œμΉ˜ 논문이 μžˆμ§€μš”.
07:38
As a matter of fact, Feynman, as a child, was very fascinated by this.
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사싀, 파인맨이 μ–΄λ¦° μ•„μ΄μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, 이것에 ꡉμž₯히 맀료λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν–ˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
07:40
He wrote a paper on this.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이것에 κ΄€ν•΄ 논문을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
And you don't need the three billion-dollar Hadron Collider
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ°λŠ” ν•˜λ“œλ‘ (λ°”λ¦¬μ˜¨κ³Ό μ€‘κ°„μž(中間子)λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦½μž(素粒子)의
07:44
for doing this. (Laughter) (Applause)
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ν•œ μ‘±(族)) μΆ©λŒν˜• 가속기가 ν•„μš”ν•œκ²ƒλ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
This is there for every child,
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이것은 λͺ¨λ“  아이듀을 μœ„ν•œκ²ƒμ΄κ³ 
07:48
and every child can enjoy this.
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λͺ¨λ“  아이듀이 이것을 즐길 수 μžˆμ§€μš”.
07:50
If you want to put a colored disk,
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만일 μƒ‰κΉ”μžˆλŠ” λ””μŠ€ν¬λ₯Ό λ„£κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λž€λ‹€λ©΄
07:53
well all these seven colors coalesce.
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일곱가지 μƒ‰κΉ”μ˜ 합병체가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
And this is what Newton talked about 400 years back,
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이것은 뉴턴이 400λ…„ 이전에
07:58
that white light's made of seven colors,
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이것을 λŒλ¦¬λŠ”κ²ƒλ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ–€ λΆˆλΉ›μ΄
08:00
just by spinning this around.
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μΌκ³±κ°€μ§€μ˜ μƒ‰κΉ”λ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ±Έ λ§ν•œκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
This is a straw.
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이것은 λΉ¨λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:05
What we've done, we've just sealed both the ends with tape,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•œκ²ƒμ€, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν…Œμž…μœΌλ‘œ μ–‘μͺ½μ˜ 끝을,
08:08
nipped the right corner and the bottom left corner,
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였λ₯Έμͺ½ 끝과 μ™Όμͺ½ λ°”λ‹₯을 μ°μ–΄μ„œ λ°€λ΄‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
08:10
so there's holes in the opposite corners, there's a little hole over here.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–‘μͺ½ κ΅¬μ„μ—λŠ” ꡬ멍이, 여기에 μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
This is a kind of a blowing straw.
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이것은 μž…κΉ€μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€λŠ” λΉ¨λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
I just put this inside this.
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μ œκ°€ 막 이것을 μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ§‘μ–΄λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
There's a hole here, and I shut this.
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ꡬ멍이 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 이것을 λ‹«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
And this costs very little money to make --
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이것은 아이듀이 놀이λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°μ— λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 것을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데
08:27
great fun for children to do.
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μ•„μ£Ό 적은 λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ†Œλͺ¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
What we do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
08:31
is make a very simple electric motor.
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μ•„μ£Ό λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ „κΈ° λͺ¨ν„°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
Now this is the simplest motor on Earth.
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자 이것이 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λͺ¨ν„°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
The most expensive thing is the battery inside this.
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κ°€μž₯ 비싼것은 이것 μ•ˆμ—μžˆλŠ” λ°°ν„°λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
If you have a battery, it costs five cents to make it.
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λ§Œμ•½ 배터리가 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ κ·Έκ±Έ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°λŠ” 5 μ„ΌνŠΈκ°€ λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
This is an old bicycle tube,
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이것은 낑은 μžμ „κ±° 튜브인데,
08:45
which gives you a broad rubber band, two safety pins.
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넓은 고무 λ°΄λ“œμ™€ λ‘κ°œμ˜ μ•ˆμ „ν•€μ„ λ‚¨κΉ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
This is a permanent magnet.
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이것은 영ꡬ μžμ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
Whenever current flows through the coil, this becomes an electromagnet.
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κ·Έ 고리λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ „λ₯˜κ°€ 흐λ₯Όλ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€, 이것은 μ „μžμ„μ΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
It's the interaction of both these magnets
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그것은 이 λͺ¨ν„°κ°€ νšŒμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
08:54
which makes this motor spin.
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ μžμ„ μ „λΆ€μ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
We made 30,000.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 30,000개λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
Teachers who have been teaching science for donkey years,
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과학을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” ꡐ사듀은 μ˜κ²μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:01
they just muck up the definition and they spit it out.
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κ·Έ μ •μ˜λ“€μ€ λ’€μ£½λ°•μ£½μ΄μ—ˆκ³  그듀은 그것을 λ°·μ•„λƒˆμ§€μš”.
09:04
When teachers make it, children make it.
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ꡐ사듀이 그것을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ„λ•Œ, 아이듀은 그것을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
09:06
You can see a gleam in their eye.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λˆˆμ—λŠ” 섬광을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
They get a thrill
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그듀은 과학이라고 ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ 무엇인지에 λŒ€ν•΄
09:11
of what science is all about.
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μŠ€λ¦΄μ„ μ–»κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
And this science is not a rich man's game.
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또 이 과학은 λˆλ§Žμ€ 자의 κ²Œμž„μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
In a democratic country,
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민주적인 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œλŠ”,
09:17
science must reach to our most oppressed,
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과학은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 우리의 κ°€μž₯ μ–΅μ••λ°›λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
09:20
to the most marginalized children.
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κ°€μž₯ μ†Œμ™Έλ‹Ήν•œ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ λ„λ‹¬ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:22
This program started with 16 schools
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이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ 16개 학ꡐ와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
09:25
and spread to 1,500 government schools.
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1,500 μ •λΆ€ ν•™κ΅λ‘œ ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
Over 100,000 children learn science this way.
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μ‹­λ§Œλͺ…μ΄μƒμ˜ 아이듀이 μ΄λŸ°μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 과학을 λ°°μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
And we're just trying to see possibilities.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯성듀을 보렀고 ν•˜λŠ” 쀑일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
Look, this is the tetrapak --
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”, 이것은 ν…ŒνŠΈλΌνŒ©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--
09:36
awful materials from the point of view of the environment.
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ν™˜κ²½μ μΈ μ‹œκ°μ—μ„œλŠ” λ”μ°ν•œ μž¬λ£Œλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:39
There are six layers -- three layers of plastic, aluminum --
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여섯측이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€--μ„Έκ°œμ˜ 측은 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±κ³Ό μ•Œλ£¨λ―ΈλŠ„--
09:42
which are are sealed together.
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그것듀은 ν•¨κ»˜ λ°€λ΄‰λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
They are fused together, so you can't separate them.
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그것듀은 ν•¨κ»˜ μ„žμ—¬μžˆμ–΄μ„œ, 그것듀을 뢄리할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
Now you can just make a little network like this
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자 이것과 같은 μž‘μ€ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜ 있고
09:48
and fold them and stick them together
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그것듀을 μ ‘μ–΄ ν•¨κ»˜ λ„£μœΌλ©΄
09:50
and make an icosahedron.
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20면체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
So something which is trash,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ λͺ¨λ“  λ°”λ‹€μƒˆλ“€μ„μ„ μ§ˆμ‹μ‹œν‚€λŠ”,
09:54
which is choking all the seabirds,
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μ“°λ ˆκΈ° 같은 λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό
09:57
you could just recycle this into a very, very joyous --
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μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό 즐거운 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μž¬ν™œμš© (리사이클) ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€--
10:00
all the platonic solids can be made with things like this.
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κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν”ŒλΌν†€μ‹μ˜ 고체듀은 이런 물건듀을 가지고 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
This is a little straw,
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이것은 μž‘μ€ λΉ¨λŒ€μ΄κ³ 
10:06
and what you do is you just nip two corners here,
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κ·Έκ±Έ 가지고 무엇을 ν•˜λŠλƒλ©΄ μ—¬κΈ°μžˆλŠ” μ–‘μͺ½ 끝을 κ·Έλƒ₯ 찝으면
10:10
and this becomes like a baby crocodile's mouth.
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이것은 μ•„κΈ° μ•…μ–΄μ˜ μž…μ²˜λŸΌ λ˜μ§€μš”.
10:14
You put this in your mouth, and you blow.
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이것을 μž…μ— λ„£κ³ , μž…κΉ€μ„ λΆˆμ–΄λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:16
(Honk)
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(λΉ΅)
10:18
It's children's delight, a teacher's envy, as they say.
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이것은 μ•„μ΄μ˜ 기쁨이고, κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 말을 빌리자면 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:22
You're not able to see how the sound is produced,
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κ·Έ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λ³Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
10:24
because the thing which is vibrating goes inside my mouth.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 곡λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 것은 제 μ•ˆμ˜ μž…μ†μ— 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
10:27
I'm going to keep this outside, to blow out. I'm going to suck in air.
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μ œκ°€ 이것을 λ°”κΉ₯μͺ½μ— λ‘κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ œκ°€ 곡기λ₯Ό λΉ¨μ•„λ“€μ΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
(Honk)
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(λΉ΅)
10:32
So no one actually needs to muck up the production of sound
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κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ „μ„ μ˜ 곡λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ
10:35
with wire vibrations.
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μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것을 ν˜Όμ„±μ‹œν‚¬ ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:37
The other is that you keep blowing at it,
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λ‹€λ₯Έκ²ƒμ€ κ·Έκ±Έ 계속 λΆˆμ–΄λŒ€κ³ ,
10:39
keep making the sound,
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계속 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ ,
10:41
and you keep cutting it.
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κ·Έκ±Έ 계속 μž˜λΌλ‚΄μ§€μš”.
10:43
And something very, very nice happens.
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그러면 λ­”κ°€ μ•„μ£Όμ•„μ£Ό 쒋은 일이 μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
(Honk)
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(λΉ΅)
10:57
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:00
And when you get a very small one --
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그리고 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 것을 μ–»μ„λ•ŒλŠ”--
11:02
(Honk)
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(λΉ΅)
11:05
This is what the kids teach you. You can also do this.
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이것은 아이듀이 κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”. 이렀뢄도 λ˜ν•œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
Well before I go any further,
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μ œκ°€ 더 이상 λ§ν•˜κΈ°μ „μ—,
11:10
this is something worth sharing.
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이것은 정말 κ³΅μœ ν•  κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:12
This is a touching slate meant for blind children.
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이것은 봉사아이듀을 μœ„ν•œ λ§Œμ§€λŠ” νŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:14
This is strips of Velcro, this is my drawing slate,
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이것은 벨크둜의 κΈΈκ³  κ°€λŠλ‹€λž€ 쑰각이고
11:17
and this is my drawing pen,
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이것은 기본적으둜 ν•„λ¦„μƒμžμΈ
11:19
which is basically a film box.
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μ €μ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όκ·Έλ¦¬λŠ” νŽœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
It's basically like a fisherman's line,
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그것은 기본적으둜 μ–΄λΆ€μ˜ κ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚šλŠ”
11:25
a fishing line.
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쀄과 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
And this is wool over here.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ–‘λͺ¨κ°€μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
If I crank the handle, all the wool goes inside.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ†μž‘μ΄λ₯Ό 돌리면, λͺ¨λ“  μ–‘λͺ¨κ°€ μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
And what a blind child can do is to just draw this.
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그리고 봉사아이가 ν•œ 수 μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ€ 이것을 κ·Έλƒ₯ κ·Έλ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
Wool sticks on Velcro.
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μ–‘λͺ¨κ°€ λ²¨ν¬λ‘œμ— λΆ™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
There are 12 million blind children in our country --
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μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ—λŠ” 1천 2백만λͺ…μ˜ 어린아이듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€--
11:43
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
11:45
who live in a world of darkness.
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그듀은 μ–΄λ‘ μ˜ 셰계에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
11:47
And this has come as a great boon to them.
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이것은 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ ν˜œνƒμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
There's a factory out there making our children blind,
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λ°”κΉ₯μ„Έκ³„μ—λŠ” 우리의 어린이듀을 λ΄‰μ‚¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 곡μž₯듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€,
11:53
not able to provide them with food,
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μŒμ‹μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†κ³ ,
11:55
not able to provide them with vitamin A.
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ 비타민 Aλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ§€μš”.
11:57
But this has come as a great boon for them.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ ν˜œνƒμ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
There are no patents. Anyone can make it.
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νˆ­ν—ˆκΆŒμ΄ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:03
This is very, very simple.
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이건 μ•„μ£Όμ•„μ£Ό λ‹¨μˆœν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:05
You can see, this is the generator. It's a crank generator.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보싀 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄ 어것은 μ œμ‘°κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 크랭크 제쑰기 μ•„μ§€μš”.
12:08
These are two magnets.
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ μžμ„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
This is a large pulley made by sandwiching rubber between two old CDs.
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이것은 λ‘κ°œμ˜ 낑은 CD사이에 고무λ₯Ό λΆ™μ—¬μ„œ λ§Œλ“  μ»€λ‹€λž€ 도λ₯΄λž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
Small pulley and two strong magnets.
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μž‘μ€ 도λ₯΄λž˜μ™€ λ‘κ°œμ˜ κ°•ν•œ μžμ„μ΄μ£ .
12:15
And this fiber turns a wire attached to an LED.
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그리고 이것은 μ„¬μœ μ†Œκ°€ λ°œκ΄‘(η™Όε…‰) λ‹€μ΄μ˜€λ“œμ— 뢙은 μ„ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€ŒλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:18
If I spin this pulley, the small one's going to spin much faster.
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만일 이 도λ₯΄λž˜λ₯Ό 돌리면, μž‘μ€ 것은 훨씬 더 빨리 λŒκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:20
There will be a spinning magnetic field.
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λŒμ•„κ°€λŠ” μ „κΈ° 판이 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
Lines, of course, would be cut, the force will be generated.
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쀄듀은 λ¬Όλ‘  μž˜λΌμ§ˆκ²ƒμ΄κ³  동λ ₯이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:25
And you can see, this LED is going to glow.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보싀 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄, 이 LEDλŠ” λΉ›λ‚ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
So this is a small crank generator.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 μž‘μ€ 크랭크 μ œμ‘°κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
Well, this is, again,
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, 이것은, λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄,
12:34
it's just a ring, a steel ring with steel nuts.
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그건 단지 κ³ λ¦¬μΈλ°μš”, κ°•μ²  λ„ˆνŠΈλ₯Ό 가진 κ°•μ²  κ³ λ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:37
And what you can do
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν•˜μ‹€μˆ˜ μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ€
12:39
is just, if you give it a twirl,
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단지, λ§Œμ•½ νšŒμ „μ„ μ‹œν‚€λ©΄,
12:42
well they just keep going on.
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그건 단지 κ³„μ†κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ νšŒμ „ν• κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
And imagine a bunch of kids
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λ§Žμ€ 아이듀이
12:50
standing in a circle
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μ›μ•ˆμ— μ„œμ„œ
12:52
and just waiting for the steel ring to be passed on.
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강철고리가 건넀지기λ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
12:54
And they'd be absolutely joyous playing with this.
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그듀은 이걸둜 λ†€μ΄ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ μ¦κ±°μ›Œν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
Well in the end, what we can also do:
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμ€,
13:01
we use a lot of old newspapers
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낑은 신문을 μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
13:04
to make caps.
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λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
This is worthy of Sachin Tendulkar.
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이것은 μ‚¬μΉœ ν…λœμΉ΄λ§ŒνΌ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
It's a great cricket cap. (Laughter) (Applause)
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그것은 ꡉμž₯ν•œ λ©”λšœκΈ° λͺ¨μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:11
When first you see Nehru and Gandhi,
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넀루와 κ°„λ””λ₯Ό 먼저보면,
13:13
this is the Nehru cap -- just half a newspaper.
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이것은 넀루λͺ¨μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€--μ‹ λ¬Έ 절반으둜 λ§Œλ“ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:16
We make lots of toys with newspapers,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹ λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μž₯λ‚œκ°λ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€λŠ”λ°
13:18
and this is one of them.
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이것이 그것듀 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
And this is -- you can see --
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이것은--μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보싀 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄--
13:22
this is a flapping bird.
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νŒ”λ½κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
All of our old newspapers, we cut them into little squares.
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우리의 λͺ¨λ“  낑은 μ‹ λ¬Έλ“€λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것은 μž‘μ€ μ •μ‚¬κ°ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ μžλ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
And if you have one of these birds --
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그리고 만일 이 μƒˆλ“€μ€‘ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό--
13:30
children in Japan have been making this bird for many, many years.
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일본에 μžˆλŠ” 어린이듀은 이 μƒˆλ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬ν•΄λ™μ•ˆ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ™”μ§€μš”.
13:35
And you can see,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 보싀 수 μžˆλ“―μ΄,
13:37
this is a little fantail bird.
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이것은 μž‘μ€ 뢀채꼬리 μƒˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:41
Well in the end, I'll just end with a story.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μ €λŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ λ§ˆμΉ˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:44
This is called "The Captain's Hat Story."
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이것은 "μ„ μž₯의 λͺ¨μž 이야기"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:46
The captain was a captain of a sea-going ship.
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κ·Έ μ„ μž₯은 λ°”λ‹€λ‘œ λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 배의 μ£Όμž₯μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
It goes very slowly.
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κ·Έ λ°°λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό 쑰용히 λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
And there were lots of passengers on the ship,
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κ·Έ λ°° μœ„μ—λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μŠΉκ°λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
13:52
and they were getting bored, so the captain invited them on the deck.
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그듀은 μ§€λ£¨ν•΄μ Έμ„œ, κ·Έ μ„ μž₯은 κ°‘νŒμœ„λ‘œ μŠΉκ°λ“€μ„ μ΄ˆλŒ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
"Wear all your colorful clothes and sing and dance,
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"μƒ‰κΉ”μžˆλŠ” μ˜·μ„ μ „λΆ€ μž…κ³  λ…Έλž˜ν•˜κ³  μΆ€μΆ”μ„Έμš”,
13:56
and I'll provide you with good food and drinks."
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그러면 μ œκ°€ 쒋은 μŒμ‹κ³Ό 음료λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
13:58
And the captain would wear a cap everyday
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그리고 κ·Έ μ„ μž₯은 κ·Έ λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό 맀일 썼고
14:00
and join in the regalia.
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(μΏ λ°”μ‚°μ˜) λŒ€ν˜• κ³ κΈ‰ 여솑연을 ν”Όμ› μ§€μš”.
14:02
The first day, it was a huge umbrella cap,
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μ²«λ²ˆμ§Έλ‚ μ—λŠ” μ»€λ‹€λž€ μš°μ‚° λͺ¨μžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:04
like a captain's cap.
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μ„ μž₯의 λͺ¨μžμ™€ 같은 κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
14:06
That night, when the passengers would be sleeping,
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κ·Έλ‚ λ°€, κ·Έ μŠΉκ°λ“€μ΄ 자고 μžˆμ„μ¦ˆμŒ
14:09
he would give it one more fold,
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κ·ΈλŠ” κ·Έ λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό ν•œλ²ˆ 더 μ ‘μ–΄μ„œ,
14:11
and the second day, he would be wearing a fireman's cap --
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κ·Έ λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ λ‚ μ—λŠ”, κ·ΈλŠ” μ†Œλ°©κ΄€μ˜ λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό μ“Έκ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:13
with a little shoot just like a designer cap,
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λ””μžμ΄λ„ˆ λͺ¨μžμ™€ κ°™κ³  μž‘μ€ κ²€λŒ•μ΄λ₯Ό 곁듀이것이죠
14:15
because it protects the spinal cord.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그것은 μ²™μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
14:18
And the second night, he would take the same cap
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ 밀에, κ·ΈλŠ” 같은 λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό κΊΌλ‚΄μ„œ
14:20
and give it another fold.
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ν•œλ²ˆμ„ 더 μ ‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
And the third day, it would be a Shikari cap --
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그러면 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έλ‚ μ€ 그것은 사λƒ₯κΎΌ λͺ¨μžκ°€ λ˜μ§€μš”
14:24
just like an adventurer's cap.
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λͺ¨ν—˜κ°€μ˜ λͺ¨μžμ™€ 같은 것이죠.
14:27
And the third night, he would give it two more folds --
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그리고 κ·Έ μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ 날에, κ·ΈλŠ” λ‘λ²ˆμ„ 더 μ ‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€--
14:30
and this is a very, very famous cap.
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또 이것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό 유λͺ…ν•œ λͺ¨μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
14:32
If you've seen any of our Bollywood films,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 우리의 λ°œλ¦¬μš°λ“œμ˜ 인도 μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
14:34
this is what the policeman wears,
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이것이 경찰관이 μ“°λŠ”κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€,
14:36
it's called a zapalu cap.
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그것은 μžνŒ”λ£¨ λͺ¨μžλΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
14:38
It's been catapulted to international glory.
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그것은 ꡭ제적인 μ˜κ΄‘μ„ κΈ°μ„Έμ’‹κ²Œ λ‚˜λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:41
And we must not forget that he was the captain of the ship.
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또 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έκ°€ κ·Έ 배의 μ„ μž₯μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 잊으면 μ•Šλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:44
So that's a ship.
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그게 κ·Έ λ°°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:46
And now the end:
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자 이제 μ’…κ²°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
everyone was enjoying the journey very much.
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λͺ¨λ“ μ΄λ“€μ΄ κ·Έ 여행을 ꡉμž₯히 많이 μ¦κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
They were singing and dancing.
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그듀은 λ…Έλž˜ν•˜κ³  좀을 μΆ”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
Suddenly there was a storm and huge waves.
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κ°‘μžκΈ° 폭풍과 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒλ„κ°€ μΌμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
And all the ship can do is to dance and pitch along with the waves.
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그리고 κ·Έ λ°°κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“ κ²ƒμ€ 좀을 μΆ”κ³  κ·Έ νŒŒλ„μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ ν”ΌμΉ˜λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
14:58
A huge wave comes and slaps the front
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒλ„κ°€ λͺ°μ•„μ³μ„œ 배의 μ•žλ©΄μ„ νœ˜λ‘˜λŸ¬ μ³€κ³ 
15:00
and knocks it down.
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κ·Έκ±Έ λ„‰λ‹€μš΄ μ‹œμΌ°μ§€μš”.
15:02
And another one comes and slaps the aft and knocks it down.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒλ„κ°€ λͺ°μ•„μ³μ„œ ν›„λΆ€λ₯Ό νœ˜λ‘˜λ € μ³€κ³  κ·Έκ±Έ λ„‰λ‹€μš΄ μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:05
And there's a third one over here.
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자 μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ νŒŒλ„κ°€ μ—¬κΈ° μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:07
This swallows the bridge and knocks it down.
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이 νŒŒλ„λŠ” 닀리λ₯Ό μ‚Όν‚€κ³  κ·Έκ±Έ λ„‰λ‹€μš΄ μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:09
And the ship sinks,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έ λ°°λŠ” κ°€λΌμ•‰μ•˜κ³ ,
15:11
and the captain has lost everything,
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κ·Έ μ„ μž₯은 λͺ¨λ“ κ±Έ μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:13
but for a life jacket.
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ꡬλͺ… μžμΌ“μ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  말이죠.
15:16
Thank you so much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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