The mysterious world of underwater caves | Jill Heinerth

Translator: Natasha Kovacic-Horvath Reviewer: Ivan Stamenkovic

I'm an underwater explorer,

Ja sam podvodni istraživač

more specifically a cave diver.

preciznije pećinski ronilac.

I wanted to be an astronaut when I was a little kid,

Želela sam da budem astronaut kada sam bila dete,

but growing up in Canada as a young girl, that wasn't really available to me.

ali u Kanadi kao mladoj devojci, to nije bilo dostupno za mene.

But as it turns out, we know a lot more about space

Ali izgleda da znamo mnogo više o svemiru

than we do about the underground waterways coursing through our planet,

nego o podzemnim vodenim putevima koji teku unutar naše planete,

the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.

prava životna sila Majke Zemlje.

So I decided to do something that was even more remarkable.

Tako sam odlučila da uradim nešto još izvanrednije.

Instead of exploring outer space,

Umesto istraživanja sveta van zemljine atmosfere,

I wanted to explore the wonders of inner space.

želela sam da istražim lepote sveta ispod površine.

Now, a lot of people will tell you

Sad, većina ljudi će reći

that cave diving is perhaps one of the most dangerous endeavors.

da je pećinsko ronjenje varovatno jedan od najopasnijih poduhvata.

I mean, imagine yourself here in this room,

Mislim, zamislite sebe ovde u ovoj sobi,

if you were suddenly plunged into blackness,

ako biste iznenada zaronili u tamu,

with your only job to find the exit,

sa jedinim zadatkom da nađete izlaz,

sometimes swimming through these large spaces,

ponekad plivajući kroz prostrane površine,

and at other times crawling beneath the seats,

a nekad puzeći ispod sedišta,

following a thin guideline,

prateći veoma precizna uputstva,

just waiting for the life support to provide your very next breath.

samo čekajući spasioce da vam obezbede sledeći udisaj.

Well, that's my workplace.

Eto, to je moje radno mesto.

But what I want to teach you today

Ali ono što hoću da vas naučim danas

is that our world is not one big solid rock.

je da naš svet nije jedna čvrsta stena.

It's a whole lot more like a sponge.

Mnogo više podseća na sunđer.

I can swim through a lot of the pores in our earth's sponge,

Ja mogu da plivam kroz mnogobrojne pore u sunđeru naše zemlje,

but where I can't,

ali tamo gde ja ne mogu,

other life-forms and other materials can make that journey without me.

drugi oblici života i druge supstance mogu da putuju bez mene.

And my voice is the one that's going to teach you

I moj glas je onaj koji će da vas uči

about the inside of Mother Earth.

o unutrašnjosti Majke Zemlje.

There was no guidebook available to me

Nije bilo meni dostupnog priručnika

when I decided to be the first person to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.

kada sam odlučila da budem prvi ronilac unutar Antartičkih ledenih bregova.

In 2000, this was the largest moving object on the planet.

U 2000, to je bio najveći pokretni objekat na planeti.

It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,

odlomio se od Ross Ice Lednika,

and we went down there to explore ice edge ecology

i mi smo se spustili tamo da istražimo ekologiju ledenog brega

and search for life-forms beneath the ice.

i nadjemo oblike života ispod leda.

We use a technology called rebreathers.

Tehnologija koju koristimo se zove rebreathers.

It's an awful lot like the same technology that is used for space walks.

To je veoma slična tehnologija onoj koja se koristi za svemirske šetnje.

This technology enables us to go deeper

Ova tehnologija nam omogućava da idemo dublje

than we could've imagined even 10 years ago.

nego što smo čak mogli i zamisliti pre deset godina.

We use exotic gases,

Mi koristimo egzotične gasove,

and we can make missions even up to 20 hours long underwater.

i možemo da ostanemo čak i do 20 sati pod vodom.

I work with biologists.

Ja radim sa biolozima.

It turns out that caves are repositories of amazing life-forms,

Ispostavilo se da su pećine skladišta neverovatnih oblika života,

species that we never knew existed before.

vrsta koje nismo zanli da su postojale.

Many of these life-forms live in unusual ways.

Mnogi od ovih oblika života žive na neuobičajen način.

They have no pigment and no eyes in many cases,

Nemaju pigment ni oči u većini slučajeva,

and these animals are also extremely long-lived.

i ove životinje takođe ekstremno dugo žive.

In fact, animals swimming in these caves today

Zapravo životinje koje plivaju u tim pećinama danas

are identical in the fossil record

su identične onim u datoteci nađenih fosila

that predates the extinction of the dinosaurs.

iz vremena pre istrebljenja dinosaurusa.

So imagine that: these are like little swimming dinosaurs.

Tako zamislite to: one su kao mali plivajući dinosaurusi.

What can they teach us about evolution and survival?

Šta nas oni uče o evoluciji i opstanku?

When we look at an animal like this remipede swimming in the jar,

Kada gledamo životinju kao što je remipedia kako pliva u tegli,

he has giant fangs with venom.

on ima ogromne kljove pune otrova.

He can actually attack something 40 times his size and kill it.

On može napasti biće 40 puta veće od njega i ubiti ga.

If he were the size of a cat,

Kada bi bio veličine mačke,

he'd be the most dangerous thing on our planet.

on bi bio najopasnije biće na našoj planeti.

And these animals live in remarkably beautiful places,

A ove životinje žive na neverovatno lepim mestima

and in some cases, caves like this, that are very young,

i u nekim slučajevima, takve pećine su veoma mlade,

yet the animals are ancient.

ipak životinje su prastare.

How did they get there?

Kako li su dospele tamo?

I also work with physicists,

Takođe radim sa fizičarima,

and they're interested oftentimes in global climate change.

i oni su često zainteresovani za globalne klimatske promene.

They can take rocks within the caves,

Oni uzimaju stene iz pećina,

and they can slice them and look at the layers within with rocks,

oni ih iseku i gledaju slojeve u steni,

much like the rings of a tree,

slično kao kodovi u drvetu,

and they can count back in history

i mogu da broje unazad u istoriju

and learn about the climate on our planet at very different times.

i uče o klimi na našoj planeti u različitim razdobljima.

The red that you see in this photograph

To crveno sto vidite na ovoj fotografiji

is actually dust from the Sahara Desert.

je zapravo prašina iz pustinje Sahara.

So it's been picked up by wind, blown across the Atlantic Ocean.

Poneo ju je vetar, i nanijeo preko Atlantskog Okeana.

It's rained down in this case on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.

Pala je sa kišom u ovom slučaju na ostrvo Abaco u Bahamima.

It soaks in through the ground

Prodire u zemljište

and deposits itself in the rocks within these caves.

i taloži se u stenama unutar ovih pećina.

And when we look back in the layers of these rocks, we can find times

I onda kada gledamo slojeve tih pećina, možemo pronaći vreme

when the climate was very, very dry on earth,

kada je klima bila veoma, veoma suha na zemlji,

and we can go back many hundreds of thousands of years.

i možemo se vratiti mnogo stotina hiljada godina unazad.

Paleoclimatologists are also interested

Paleoklimatolozi su takodje zainteresovani

in where the sea level stands were at other times on earth.

gde su se nivoi mora nalazili u drugim periodima na zemlji.

Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked

Ovde u Bermudi, moj tim i ja smo kročili

on the deepest manned dives ever conducted in the region,

na najdublje ronilačke poduhvate ikad organizovane u regionu,

and we were looking for places

i tražili smo mesta

where the sea level used to lap up against the shoreline,

gde je nivo mora bio uz obalu

many hundreds of feet below current levels.

mnogo stotina stopa ispod trenutnog nivoa.

I also get to work with paleontologists and archaeologists.

Takođe radim sa paleontolozima i arheolozima.

In places like Mexico, in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,

U mestima kao što je Meksiko, Bahami, i čak na Kubi,

we're looking at cultural remains and also human remains in caves,

mi tražimo ostatke kulturne baštine i ljudske ostatke u pećinama,

and they tell us a lot

i oni nam govore puno

about some of the earliest inhabitants of these regions.

o nekim od najranijih stanovnika ovih oblasti.

But my very favorite project of all was over 15 years ago,

Ali moj omiljeni projekat je bio pre više od 15 godina,

when I was a part of the team that made the very first

kada sam bila deo tima koji je sačinio prvu

accurate, three-dimensional map of a subterranean surface.

preciznu, trodimenzionalnu mapu podzemne površine.

This device that I'm driving through the cave

Uređaj koji sam vozila kroz pećinu

was actually creating a three-dimensional model as we drove it.

je zapravo kreirao trodimenzionalni model dok smo vozili.

We also used ultra low frequency radio

Takođe smo koristili nisko talasni radio

to broadcast back to the surface our exact position within the cave.

da prenesemo na površinu našu tačnu poziciju unutar pećine.

So I swam under houses and businesses and bowling alleys and golf courses,

Tako sam ja plivala ispod kuća, radnji i kuglana i terena za golf,

and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,

i čak ispod Sonijevog BBQ restorana,

Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me

Prilično neverovatno, i to me je naučilo

was that everything we do on the surface of our earth

da sve što radimo na površini zemlje

will be returned to us to drink.

vratiće nam se u vodi.

Our water planet is not just rivers, lakes and oceans,

Našu vodenu planetu ne čine samo reke, jezera i okeani,

but it's this vast network of groundwater that knits us all together.

nego i njena podvodna mreža koja nas spaja sve zajedno.

It's a shared resource from which we all drink.

To je zajednički resurs iz kojeg svi pijemo vodu.

And when we can understand our human connections with our groundwater

I kada budemo mogli razumeti našu povezanost sa podzemnim vodama

and all of our water resources on this planet,

i sa svim našim vodenim resursima na ovoj planeti,

then we'll be working on the problem

onda ćemo raditi na problemu

that's probably the most important issue of this century.

koji je verovatno najvažniji u ovom veku.

So I never got to be that astronaut that I always wanted to be,

I tako ja nikada nisam postala astronaut kao što sam želela,

but this mapping device, designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.

ali ovaj uređaj za kreiranje mapa koji je dizajnirao Dr. Bill Stone će biti.

It's actually morphed.

Već je zapravo transformisan.

It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,

To je samostalno plivajući nezavisan robot

artificially intelligent,

veštački inteligentan,

and its ultimate goal is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa

i njegov krajnji cilj je da ode na Jupiterov mesec Europa

and explore oceans beneath the frozen surface of that body.

i istraži okeane ispod zamrznute površine nebeskog tela.

And that's pretty amazing.

I to je neverovatno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)